#JTkinter教程之Button篇(1) #Button功能触发事件 '''1.一个简单的Button应用''' from Tkinter import * #定义Button的回调函数 def helloButton(): print 'hello button' root = Tk() #通过command属性来指定Button的回调函数 Button(root,text = 'Hello Button',command = helloButton).pack() root.mainloop()
''' 执行的结果:每次点击一次,程序向标准输出打印'hello button',以上为Button使用方法,可以 再做一下简化,如不设置Button的回调函数,这样也是允许的但这样的结果与Label没有什么太 大的区别,只是外观看起来有所不同罢了,失去了Button的作用。 from Tkinter import * root = Tk() #下面的relief = FLAT设置,就是一个Label了!!! Button(root,text = 'hello button',relief=FLAT).pack() root.mainloop() ''' '''2.测试Button的relief属性''' #运行下面的代码可以看到Button的各个不同效果,均没有回调函数。 from Tkinter import * root = Tk() #flat, groove, raised, ridge, solid, or sunken Button(root,text = 'hello button',relief=FLAT).pack() Button(root,text = 'hello button',relief=GROOVE).pack() Button(root,text = 'hello button',relief=RAISED).pack() Button(root,text = 'hello button',relief=RIDGE).pack() Button(root,text = 'hello button',relief=SOLID).pack() Button(root,text = 'hello button',relief=SUNKEN).pack()
root.mainloop()
''' Button显示图像 image:可以使用gif图像,图像的加载方法img = PhotoImage(root,file = filepath bitmap:使用X11 格式的bitmap,Windows的Bitmap没法显示的,在Windows下使用GIMP2.4将windows Bitmap转换为xbm文件,依旧无法使用.linux下的X11 bitmap编辑器生成的bitmap还没有测试,但可 以使用内置的位图。 (1).使用位图文件 bp = BitmapImage(file = "c:\\python2.xbm") Button(root,bitmap = bp).pack() (2).使用位图数据 BITMAP = """ #define im_width 32 #define im_height 32 static char im_bits[] = { 0xaf,0x6d,0xeb,0xd6,0x55,0xdb,0xb6,0x2f, 0xaf,0xaa,0x6a,0x6d,0x55,0x7b,0xd7,0x1b, 0xad,0xd6,0xb5,0xae,0xad,0x55,0x6f,0x05, 0xad,0xba,0xab,0xd6,0xaa,0xd5,0x5f,0x93, 0xad,0x76,0x7d,0x67,0x5a,0xd5,0xd7,0xa3, 0xad,0xbd,0xfe,0xea,0x5a,0xab,0x69,0xb3, 0xad,0x55,0xde,0xd8,0x2e,0x2b,0xb5,0x6a, 0x69,0x4b,0x3f,0xb4,0x9e,0x92,0xb5,0xed, 0xd5,0xca,0x9c,0xb4,0x5a,0xa1,0x2a,0x6d, 0xad,0x6c,0x5f,0xda,0x2c,0x91,0xbb,0xf6, 0xad,0xaa,0x96,0xaa,0x5a,0xca,0x9d,0xfe, 0x2c,0xa5,0x2a,0xd3,0x9a,0x8a,0x4f,0xfd, 0x2c,0x25,0x4a,0x6b,0x4d,0x45,0x9f,0xba, 0x1a,0xaa,0x7a,0xb5,0xaa,0x44,0x6b,0x5b, 0x1a,0x55,0xfd,0x5e,0x4e,0xa2,0x6b,0x59, 0x9a,0xa4,0xde,0x4a,0x4a,0xd2,0xf5,0xaa }; """ 使用tuple数据来创建图像 bmp = BitmapImage(data = BITMAP) Button(root,bitmap = bmp) ''' '''3.与Label一样,Button也可以同时显示文本与图像,使用属性compound''' from Tkinter import * root = Tk() #图像居下,居上,居右,居左,文字位于图像之上 Button(root,text = 'botton',compound = 'bottom',bitmap = 'error').pack() Button(root,text = 'top',compound = 'top',bitmap = 'error').pack() Button(root,text = 'right',compound = 'right',bitmap = 'error').pack() Button(root,text = 'left',compound = 'left',bitmap = 'error').pack() Button(root,text = 'center',compound = 'center',bitmap = 'error').pack() #消息循环 root.mainloop()
'''4.控件焦点问题 创建三个Button,各自对应回调函数;将第二个Button设置焦点,程序运行是按“Enter”,判断 程序的打印结果 ''' from Tkinter import *
def cb1(): print 'button1 clicked' def cb2(event): print 'button2 clicked' def cb3(): print 'button3 clicked' root = Tk()
b1 = Button(root,text = 'Button1',command = cb1) b2 = Button(root,text = 'Button2') b2.bind("",cb2) b3 = Button(root,text = 'Button3',command = cb3) b1.pack() b2.pack() b3.pack()
b2.focus_set() root.mainloop() ''' 上例中使用了bind方法,它建立事件与回调函数(响应函数)之间的关系,每当产生事件 后,程序便自动的调用cb2,与cb1,cb3不同的是,它本身还带有一个参数----event,这个参数传递 响应事件的信息。 ''' from Tkinter import * def printEventInfo(event): print 'event.time = ' , event.time print 'event.type = ' , event.type print 'event.WidgetId = ', event.widget print 'event.KeySymbol = ',event.keysym root = Tk() b = Button(root,text = 'Infomation') b.bind("",printEventInfo) b.pack() b.focus_set() root.mainloop()
''' 犯了个错误,将写成了,结果是:当鼠标进入Button区域后,事件printEventInfo 被调用。程序打印出了event的信息。 ''' |