颜色直方图是在许多图像检索系统中被广泛采用的颜色特征。它所描述的是不同色彩在整幅图像中所占的比例,而并不关心每种色彩所处的空间位置,即无法描述图像中的对象或物体。颜色直方图特别适于描述那些难以进行自动分割的图像。
OpenCV对颜色直方图进行统计的代码如下所示
// ConsoleApplication1.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "cv.h"
#include "highgui.h"
//#include
#include
#include
#pragma warning(disable:4996)
int _tmain(int argc, char** argv)
{
IplImage * src = cvLoadImage("e:\\test1.bmp");
IplImage* hsv = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), 8, 3);
IplImage* h_plane = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), 8, 1);
IplImage* s_plane = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), 8, 1);
IplImage* v_plane = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), 8, 1);
IplImage* planes[] = { h_plane, s_plane };
/** H 分量划分为16个等级,S分量划分为8个等级 */
int h_bins = 16, s_bins = 8;
int hist_size[] = { h_bins, s_bins };
/** H 分量的变化范围 */
float h_ranges[] = { 0, 180 };
/** S 分量的变化范围*/
float s_ranges[] = { 0, 255 };
float* ranges[] = { h_ranges, s_ranges };
/** 输入图像转换到HSV颜色空间 */
cvCvtColor(src, hsv, CV_BGR2HSV);
cvCvtPixToPlane(hsv, h_plane, s_plane, v_plane, 0);
/** 创建直方图,二维, 每个维度上均分 */
CvHistogram * hist = cvCreateHist(2, hist_size, CV_HIST_ARRAY, ranges, 1);
/** 根据H,S两个平面数据统计直方图 */
cvCalcHist(planes, hist, 0, 0);
/** 获取直方图统计的最大值,用于动态显示直方图 */
float max_value;
cvGetMinMaxHistValue(hist, 0, &max_value, 0, 0);
/** 设置直方图显示图像 */
int height = 240;
int width = (h_bins*s_bins * 6);
IplImage* hist_img = cvCreateImage(cvSize(width, height), 8, 3);
cvZero(hist_img);
/** 用来进行HSV到RGB颜色转换的临时单位图像 */
IplImage * hsv_color = cvCreateImage(cvSize(1, 1), 8, 3);
IplImage * rgb_color = cvCreateImage(cvSize(1, 1), 8, 3);
int bin_w = width / (h_bins * s_bins);
for (int h = 0; h < h_bins; h++)
{
for (int s = 0; s < s_bins; s++)
{
int i = h*s_bins + s;
/** 获得直方图中的统计次数,计算显示在图像中的高度 */
float bin_val = cvQueryHistValue_2D(hist, h, s);
int intensity = cvRound(bin_val*height / max_value);
/** 获得当前直方图代表的颜色,转换成RGB用于绘制 */
cvSet2D(hsv_color, 0, 0, cvScalar(h*180.f / h_bins, s*255.f / s_bins, 255, 0));
cvCvtColor(hsv_color, rgb_color, CV_HSV2BGR);
CvScalar color = cvGet2D(rgb_color, 0, 0);
cvRectangle(hist_img, cvPoint(i*bin_w, height),
cvPoint((i + 1)*bin_w, height - intensity),
color, -1, 8, 0);
}
}
cvNamedWindow("Source", 1);
cvShowImage("Source", src);
cvNamedWindow("H-S Histogram", 1);
cvShowImage("H-S Histogram", hist_img);
cvWaitKey(0);
}
产生如下错误:
相应的IplImage* hsv = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), 8, 3);获取不到正确的数据,cvLoadImage("e:\\test1.bmp");应设置正确的路径。
输出如下: