RHEL5/6/7中常用命令及命令之间的差异

 

System basics

Task RHEL5 RHEL6 RHEL7
View subscription information /etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid

/etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid

subscription-manager identity

subscription-manager identity
Configure subscription

rhn_register

subscription-manager 1

rhn_register

rhnreg_ks

subscription-manager

subscription-manager2

rhn_register 3

View RHEL version information /etc/redhat-release
View system profile

sosreport

dmidecode

hwbrowser

sosreport

dmidecode

lstopo

lscpu

Basic configuration

Task RHEL5 RHEL6 RHEL7
Graphical configuration tools system-config-* gnome-control-center
Text-based configuration tools system-config-*-tui  
Configure printer system-config-printer
Configure network system-config-network

nmcli

nmtui

nm-connection-editor

Configure system language system-config-language localectl
Configure time and date

system-config-date

date

timedatectl

date

Synchronize time and date

ntpdate

/etc/ntp.conf

timedatectl

/etc/chrony.conf

ntpdate
Configure keyboard system-config-keyboard localectl
Configure SSH

/etc/ssh/ssh_config

/etc/ssh/sshd_config

~/.ssh/config ssh-keygen

Jobs and services

Task RHEL5 RHEL6 RHEL7
List all services

chkconfig --list

ls /etc/init.d/

systemctl -at service

ls /etc/systemd/system/*.service

ls /usr/lib/systemd/system/*.service

List running services service --status-all systemctl -t service --state=active
Start/stop service

service name start

service name stop

systemctl start name.service

systemctl stop name.service

Enable/disable service

chkconfig name on

chkconfig name off

systemctl enable name.service

systemctl disable name.service

View service status service name status systemctl status name.service
Check if service is enabled chkconfig name --list systemctl is-enabled name
Create new service file or modify configuration chkconfig --add

systemctl daemon-reload

/etc/systemd/system/*.service

View run level/target

runlevel

who -r

systemctl get-default

who -r

Change run level/target

/etc/inittab

init run_level

systemctl isolate name.target

systemctl set-default

Configure logging /etc/syslog.conf /etc/rsyslog.conf

/etc/rsyslog.conf

/etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf

/var/log/journal

systemd-journald.service

View logs /var/log

/var/log

journalctl

Configure system audit

add audit=1 to kernel cmdline

auditctl

/etc/audit/auditd.conf

/etc/audit/audit.rules

authconfig

/etc/pam.d/system-auth

pam_tty_audit kernel module

View audit output aureport /var/log/faillog
Schedule/batch tasks

cron

at

batch

Find file by name locate
Find file by characteristic find
Create archive

tar

cpio

zip

Kernel, boot, and hardware

Task RHEL5 RHEL6 RHEL7
Single user/rescue mode append 1 or s or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline append rd.break or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline
Shut down system shutdown
Power off system poweroff

poweroff

systemctl poweroff

Halt system halt

halt

systemctl halt

Reboot system reboot

reboot

systemctl reboot

Configure default run level/target /etc/inittab systemctl set-default
Configure GRUB bootloader /boot/grub/grub.conf

/etc/default/grub

grub2-mkconfig

grub-set-default

Configure kernel module modprobe
View hardware configured hwbrowser lshw (in EPEL)
Configure hardware device udev
View kernel parameters

sysctl -a

cat /proc/cmdline

Load kernel module modprobe
Remove kernel module modprobe -r
View kernel version

rpm -q kernel

uname -r

Software management

Task RHEL5 RHEL6 RHEL7
Install software

yum install

yum groupinstall

yum install

yum group install

View software info

yum info

yum groupinfo

yum info

yum group info

Update software yum update
Upgrade software yum upgrade
Configure software repository

subscription-manager repos

/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo

Find package owning file

rpm -qf filename

yum provides filename-glob

View software version rpm -q packagename
View installed software

rpm -qa

yum list installed

User management

Task RHEL5 RHEL6 RHEL7
Graphical user management system-config-users
Create user account useradd
Delete user account userdel
View/change user account details

usermod

/etc/passwd

vipw

id
Create user group groupadd
Delete user group groupdel
Change group details

groupmod

/etc/group

Change user password passwd
Change user permissions

usermod

visudo

Change group permissions

groupmod

visudo

Change password policy chage
View user sessions w

File systems, volumes, and disks

Task RHEL5 RHEL6 RHEL7
Default file system ext3 ext4 xfs
Create/modify disk partitions

fdisk

parted

fdisk

gdisk

parted

ssm create

Format disk partition

mkfs.filesystem_type (ext4, xfs)

mkswap

mkfs.filesystem_type (ext4, xfs)

mkswap

ssm create

Defragment disk space

copy data to new file system

fsck (look for 'non-contiguous inodes')

copy data to new file system

fsck (look for 'non-contiguous inodes')

xfs_fsr

Mount storage

mount

/etc/fstab

mount

/etc/fstab

ssm mount

Mount and activate swap

/etc/fstab

swapon -a

Configure static mounts /etc/fstab
View free disk space df
View logical volume info

lvdisplay

lvs

vgdisplay

vgs

pvdisplay

pvs
Create physical volume pvcreate

pvcreate

ssm create (if backend is lvm)

Create volume group vgcreate

vgcreate

ssm create (if backend is lvm)

Create logical volume lvcreate

lvcreate

ssm create (if backend is lvm)

Enlarge volumes formatted with default file system

vgextend

lvextend

resize2fs

vgextend

lvextend

xfs_growfs

ssm resize

Shrink volumes formatted with default file system

resize2fs

lvreduce

vgreduce

XFS cannot currently be shrunk; copy desired data to a smaller file system.
Check/repair file system fsck

fsck

ssm check

View NFS share

showmount -e

mount
Configure NFS share

/etc/exports

service nfs reload

/etc/exports

systemctl reload nfs.service

Configure on-demand auto-mounts

/etc/auto.master.d/*.autofs

/etc/auto.*

Change file permissions

chmod

chown

chgrp

umask (future file creation)

Change file attributes chattr
Change access control list setfacl

Networking

Task RHEL5 RHEL6 RHEL7
Configure name resolution

/etc/hosts

/etc/resolv.conf

/etc/hosts

/etc/resolv.conf

nmcli con mod

Configure hostname /etc/sysconfig/network

hostnamectl

/etc/hostname

nmtui

View network interface info

ip addr

ifconfig

brctl

ip addr

nmcli dev show

teamdctl

brctl

bridge
Configure network interface /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-*

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-*

nmcli con [add|mod|edit]

nmtui

nm-connection-editor

View routes ip route
Configure routes

ip route add

system-config-network

/etc/sysconfig/route-iface

ip route add

nmcli

nmtui

nm-connection-editor

/etc/sysconfig/route-iface

Configure firewall

iptables and ip6tables

/etc/sysconfig/ip*tables

iptables and ip6tables

/etc/sysconfig/ip*tables

system-config-firewall

firewall-cmd

firewall-config

View ports/sockets

ss

lsof

netstat

ss

lsof

Security and identity

Task RHEL5 RHEL6 RHEL7
Configure system security

/etc/selinux/config

chcon

restorecon

semanage

setsebool

system-config-selinux

Report on system security sealert
LDAP, SSSD, Kerberos

authconfig

authconfig-tui

authconfig-gtk

Network users getent

Resource management

Task RHEL5 RHEL6 RHEL7
Trace system calls strace
Trace library calls ltrace
Change process priority

nice

renice

Change process run location taskset
Kill a process

kill

pkill

killall

View system usage

top

ps

sar

iostat

netstat

vmstat

mpstat

numastat

top

ps

sar

iostat

netstat

ss

vmstat

mpstat

numastat

tuna

top

ps

sar

iostat

ss

vmstat

mpstat

numastat

tuna

View disk usage df

df

iostat

 

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