Web自动化测试:switch_to包详解:切换handle、frame、alert

之前章节,分别对窗口切换(handle)、frame切换、弹窗(alert)切换做了详细的解释,但是我们在写代码的时候发现,这些方法都被编辑器划伤了一条横线,但是方法还是可以正常使用,只是目前的pycharm不推荐你继续这样使用了(有新的方法可以替代它),那如果我们不使用这些方法的话,我们该怎么去完成切换窗口、frame这些操作呢?所以我们来学习一下替代这几个方法的switch_to包。

一、switch_to包的方法详解
在switch_to的基础上,有这么几个方法,鉴于基本上都是之前曾经讲过的,这次把等价的方法也列出来,供大家参考

driver.switch_to.parent_frame()

这是switch_to中独有的方法,可以切换到上一层的frame,对于层层嵌套的frame很有用

案例展示:

163邮箱登录的例子来用新的switch_to方法写一下,并通过观察,我们发现进入这个页面后焦点直接就定位到输入框里了,所以我们可以通过active_element()来定位。

Web自动化测试:switch_to包详解:切换handle、frame、alert_第1张图片
from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
driver = webdriver.Chrome()

# 进入163邮箱首页
driver.get(“http://mail.163.com/”)
sleep(2)

# 切换到包含登录框的frame下
driver.switch_to.frame(1)

# 通过定位输当前焦点元素,并再次输入数据
ele_box = driver.switch_to.active_element
ele_box.send_keys(“123”)
switch_to源码
class SwitchTo:
def init(self, driver):
self._driver = driver

@property
def active_element(self):
    """
    Returns the element with focus, or BODY if nothing has focus.
    :Usage:
        element = driver.switch_to.active_element
    """
    if self._driver.w3c:
        return self._driver.execute(Command.W3C_GET_ACTIVE_ELEMENT)
    else:
        return self._driver.execute(Command.GET_ACTIVE_ELEMENT)['value']

@property
def alert(self):
    """
    Switches focus to an alert on the page.
    :Usage:
        alert = driver.switch_to.alert
    """
    return Alert(self._driver)

def default_content(self):
    """
    Switch focus to the default frame.
    :Usage:
        driver.switch_to.default_content()
    """
    self._driver.execute(Command.SWITCH_TO_FRAME, {'id': None})

def frame(self, frame_reference):
    """
    Switches focus to the specified frame, by index, name, or webelement.
    :Args:
     - frame_reference: The name of the window to switch to, an integer representing the index,
                        or a webelement that is an (i)frame to switch to.
    :Usage:
        driver.switch_to.frame('frame_name')
        driver.switch_to.frame(1)
        driver.switch_to.frame(driver.find_elements_by_tag_name("iframe")[0])
    """
    if isinstance(frame_reference, basestring) and self._driver.w3c:
        try:
            frame_reference = self._driver.find_element(By.ID, frame_reference)
        except NoSuchElementException:
            try:
                frame_reference = self._driver.find_element(By.NAME, frame_reference)
            except NoSuchElementException:
                raise NoSuchFrameException(frame_reference)

    self._driver.execute(Command.SWITCH_TO_FRAME, {'id': frame_reference})

def parent_frame(self):
    """
    Switches focus to the parent context. If the current context is the top
    level browsing context, the context remains unchanged.
    :Usage:
        driver.switch_to.parent_frame()
    """
    self._driver.execute(Command.SWITCH_TO_PARENT_FRAME)

def window(self, window_name):
    """
    Switches focus to the specified window.
    :Args:
     - window_name: The name or window handle of the window to switch to.
    :Usage:
        driver.switch_to.window('main')
    """
    data = {'name': window_name}
    if self._driver.w3c:
        data = {'handle': window_name}
    self._driver.execute(Command.SWITCH_TO_WINDOW, data)

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