转载自: http://blog.csdn.net/luanlouis/article/details/35846701
MyBatis提供了多种注解来支持不同类型的语句(statement)如SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE。让我们看一下具体怎样配置映射语句。
4.2.1 @Insert
我们可以使用@Insert注解来定义一个INSERT映射语句:
使用了@Insert注解的insertMethod()方法将返回insert语句执行后影响的行数。
- package com.mybatis3.mappers;
- public interface StudentMapper
- {
- @Insert("INSERT INTO STUDENTS(STUD_ID,NAME,EMAIL,ADDR_ID, PHONE)
- VALUES(#{studId},#{name},#{email},#{address.addrId},#{phone})")
- int insertStudent(Student student);
- }
[自动生成主键]
在上一章中我们讨论过主键列值可以自动生成。我们可以使用@Options注解的userGeneratedKeys 和keyProperty属性让数据库产生auto_increment(自增长)列的值,然后将生成的值设置到输入参数对象的属性中。
- @Insert("INSERT INTO STUDENTS(NAME,EMAIL,ADDR_ID, PHONE)
- VALUES(#{name},#{email},#{address.addrId},#{phone})")
- @Options(useGeneratedKeys = true, keyProperty = "studId")
- int insertStudent(Student student);
这里STUD_ID列值将会通过MySQL数据库自动生成。并且生成的值将会被设置到student对象的studId属性中。
- StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
- mapper.insertStudent(student);
- int studentId = student.getStudId();
有一些数据库如Oracle,并不支持AUTO_INCREMENT列属性,它使用序列(SEQUENCE)来产生主键的值。
我们可以使用@SelectKey注解来为任意SQL语句来指定主键值,作为主键列的值。
假设我们有一个名为STUD_ID_SEQ的序列来生成STUD_ID主键值。
- @Insert("INSERT INTO STUDENTS(STUD_ID,NAME,EMAIL,ADDR_ID, PHONE)
- VALUES(#{studId},#{name},#{email},#{address.addrId},#{phone})")
- @SelectKey(statement="SELECT STUD_ID_SEQ.NEXTVAL FROM DUAL",
- keyProperty="studId", resultType=int.class, before=true)
- int insertStudent(Student student);
这里我们使用了@SelectKey来生成主键值,并且存储到了student对象的studId属性上。由于我们设置了before=true,该语句将会在执行INSERT语句之前执行。
如果你使用序列作为触发器来设置主键值,我们可以在INSERT语句执行后,从sequence_name.currval获取数据库产生的主键值。
- @Insert("INSERT INTO STUDENTS(NAME,EMAIL,ADDR_ID, PHONE)
- VALUES(#{name},#{email},#{address.addrId},#{phone})")
- @SelectKey(statement="SELECT STUD_ID_SEQ.CURRVAL FROM DUAL",
- keyProperty="studId", resultType=int.class, before=false)
- int insertStudent(Student student);
4.2.2 @Update
我们可以使用@Update注解来定义一个UPDATE映射语句,如下所示:
- @Update("UPDATE STUDENTS SET NAME=#{name}, EMAIL=#{email},
- PHONE=#{phone} WHERE STUD_ID=#{studId}")
- int updateStudent(Student student);
使用了@Update的updateStudent()方法将会返回执行了update语句后影响的行数。
- StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
- int noOfRowsUpdated = mapper.updateStudent(student);
4.2.3 @Delete
我们可以使用@Delete 注解来定义一个DELETE映射语句,如下所示:
使用了@Delete的deleteStudent()方法将会返回执行了update语句后影响的行数。
- @Delete("DELETE FROM STUDENTS WHERE STUD_ID=#{studId}")
- int deleteStudent(int studId);
4.2.4 @Select
我们可以使用@ Select注解来定义一个SELECT映射语句。
让我们看一下怎样使用注解配置一个简单的select查询。
- package com.mybatis3.mappers;
- public interface StudentMapper
- {
- @Select("SELECT STUD_ID AS STUDID, NAME, EMAIL, PHONE FROM
- STUDENTS WHERE STUD_ID=#{studId}")
- Student findStudentById(Integer studId);
- }
为了将列名和Studentbean属性名匹配,我们为stud_id起了一个studId的别名。如果返回了多行结果,将抛出 TooManyResultsException异常。
我们可以将查询结果通过别名或者是@Results注解与JavaBean属性映射起来。
现在让我们看看怎样使用@Results注解将指定列于指定JavaBean属性映射器来,执行SELECT查询的:
- package com.mybatis3.mappers;
- public interface StudentMapper
- {
- @Select("SELECT * FROM STUDENTS")
- @Results(
- {
- @Result(id = true, column = "stud_id", property = "studId"),
- @Result(column = "name", property = "name"),
- @Result(column = "email", property = "email"),
- @Result(column = "addr_id", property = "address.addrId")
- })
- List
findAllStudents(); - }
例如,看下面的findStudentById()和findAllStudents()方法:
- @Select("SELECT * FROM STUDENTS WHERE STUD_ID=#{studId}")
- @Results(
- {
- @Result(id = true, column = "stud_id", property = "studId"),
- @Result(column = "name", property = "name"),
- @Result(column = "email", property = "email"),
- @Result(column = "addr_id", property = "address.addrId")
- })
- Student findStudentById(int studId);
- @Select("SELECT * FROM STUDENTS")
- @Results(
- {
- @Result(id = true, column = "stud_id", property = "studId"),
- @Result(column = "name", property = "name"),
- @Result(column = "email", property = "email"),
- @Result(column = "addr_id", property = "address.addrId")
- })
- List
findAllStudents();
这里两个语句的@Results配置完全相同,但是我必须得重复它。这里有一个解决方法。我们可以创建一个映射器Mapper配置文件, 然后配置元素,然后使用@ResultMap注解引用此 。
在StudentMapper.xml中定义一个ID为StudentResult的
。
- <mapper namespace="com.mybatis3.mappers.StudentMapper">
- <resultMap type="Student" id="StudentResult">
- <id property="studId" column="stud_id" />
- <result property="name" column="name" />
- <result property="email" column="email" />
- <result property="phone" column="phone" />
- resultMap>
- mapper>
在StudentMapper.java中,使用@ResultMap引用名为StudentResult的resultMap。
- public interface StudentMapper
- {
- @Select("SELECT * FROM STUDENTS WHERE STUD_ID=#{studId}")
- @ResultMap("com.mybatis3.mappers.StudentMapper.StudentResult")
- Student findStudentById(int studId);
- @Select("SELECT * FROM STUDENTS")
- @ResultMap("com.mybatis3.mappers.StudentMapper.StudentResult")
- List
findAllStudents(); - }
4.3.1 一对一映射
MyBatis提供了@One注解来使用嵌套select语句(Nested-Select)加载一对一关联查询数据。 让我们看看怎样使用@One注解获取学生及其地址信息。
- public interface StudentMapper
- {
- @Select("SELECT ADDR_ID AS ADDRID, STREET, CITY, STATE, ZIP, COUNTRY
- FROM ADDRESSES WHERE ADDR_ID=#{id}")
- Address findAddressById(int id);
- @Select("SELECT * FROM STUDENTS WHERE STUD_ID=#{studId} ")
- @Results(
- {
- @Result(id = true, column = "stud_id", property = "studId"),
- @Result(column = "name", property = "name"),
- @Result(column = "email", property = "email"),
- @Result(property = "address", column = "addr_id",
- one = @One(select = "com.mybatis3.mappers.StudentMapper.
- findAddressById"))
- })
- Student selectStudentWithAddress(int studId);
- }
这里我们使用了@One注解的select属性来指定一个使用了完全限定名的方法上,该方法会返回一个Address对象。使用column=”addr_id”,则STUEDNTS表中列addr_id的值将会作为输入参数传递给findAddressById()方法。如果@OneSELECT查询返回了多行结果,则会抛出TooManyResultsException异常。
- int studId = 1;
- StudentMapper studentMapper =
- sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
- Student student = studentMapper.selectStudentWithAddress(studId);
- System.out.println("Student :"+student);
- System.out.println("Address :"+student.getAddress());
在第三章,使用XML配置SQL映射器中我们讨论过,我们可以通过基于XML的映射器配置,使用嵌套结果ResultMap来加载一对一关联的查询。而MyBatis3.2.2版本,并没有对应的注解支持。但是我们可以在映射器Mapper配置文件中配置
在StudentMapper.xml中配置并且使用@ResultMap注解来引用它。 ,如下所示:
- <mapper namespace="com.mybatis3.mappers.StudentMapper">
- <resultMap type="Address" id="AddressResult">
- <id property="addrId" column="addr_id" />
- <result property="street" column="street" />
- <result property="city" column="city" />
- <result property="state" column="state" />
- <result property="zip" column="zip" />
- <result property="country" column="country" />
- resultMap>
- <resultMap type="Student" id="StudentWithAddressResult">
- <id property="studId" column="stud_id" />
- <result property="name" column="name" />
- <result property="email" column="email" />
- <association property="address" resultMap="AddressResult" />
- resultMap>
- mapper>
- public interface StudentMapper
- {
- @Select("select stud_id, name, email, a.addr_id, street, city,
- state, zip, country" + " FROM students s left outer join addresses a
- on s.addr_id=a.addr_id" + " where stud_id=#{studId} ")
- @ResultMap("com.mybatis3.mappers.StudentMapper.
- StudentWithAddressResult")
- Student selectStudentWithAddress(int id);
- }
4.3.2 一对多映射
MyBatis提供了@Many注解,用来使用嵌套Select语句加载一对多关联查询。
现在让我们看一下如何使用@Many注解获取一个讲师及其教授课程列表信息:
- public interface TutorMapper
- {
- @Select("select addr_id as addrId, street, city, state, zip,
- country from addresses where addr_id=#{id}")
- Address findAddressById(int id);
- @Select("select * from courses where tutor_id=#{tutorId}")
- @Results(
- {
- @Result(id = true, column = "course_id", property = "courseId"),
- @Result(column = "name", property = "name"),
- @Result(column = "description", property = "description"),
- @Result(column = "start_date" property = "startDate"),
- @Result(column = "end_date" property = "endDate")
- })
- List
findCoursesByTutorId(int tutorId); - @Select("SELECT tutor_id, name as tutor_name, email, addr_id
- FROM tutors where tutor_id=#{tutorId}")
- @Results(
- {
- @Result(id = true, column = "tutor_id", property = "tutorId"),
- @Result(column = "tutor_name", property = "name"),
- @Result(column = "email", property = "email"),
- @Result(property = "address", column = "addr_id",
- one = @One(select = " com.mybatis3.
- mappers.TutorMapper.findAddressById")),
- @Result(property = "courses", column = "tutor_id",
- many = @Many(select = "com.mybatis3.mappers.TutorMapper.
- findCoursesByTutorId"))
- })
- Tutor findTutorById(int tutorId);
- }
这里我们使用了@Many注解的select属性来指向一个完全限定名称的方法,该方法将返回一个List
对象。使用column=”tutor_id”,TUTORS表中的tutor_id列值将会作为输入参数传递给findCoursesByTutorId()方法。 在第三章,使用XML配置SQL映射器中我们讨论过,我们可以通过基于XML的映射器配置,使用嵌套结果ResultMap来加载一对多关联的查询。而MyBatis3.2.2版本,并没有对应的注解支持。但是我们可以在映射器Mapper配置文件中配置
并且使用@ResultMap注解来引用它。 在TutorMapper.xml中配置
,如下所示:
- <mapper namespace="com.mybatis3.mappers.TutorMapper">
- <resultMap type="Address" id="AddressResult">
- <id property="addrId" column="addr_id" />
- <result property="street" column="street" />
- <result property="city" column="city" />
- <result property="state" column="state" />
- <result property="zip" column="zip" />
- <result property="country" column="country" />
- resultMap>
- <resultMap type="Course" id="CourseResult">
- <id column="course_id" property="courseId" />
- <result column="name" property="name" />
- <result column="description" property="description" />
- <result column="start_date" property="startDate" />
- <result column="end_date" property="endDate" />
- resultMap>
- <resultMap type="Tutor" id="TutorResult">
- <id column="tutor_id" property="tutorId" />
- <result column="tutor_name" property="name" />
- <result column="email" property="email" />
- <association property="address" resultMap="AddressResult" />
- <collection property="courses" resultMap="CourseResult" />
- resultMap>
- mapper>
- public interface TutorMapper
- {
- @Select("SELECT T.TUTOR_ID, T.NAME AS TUTOR_NAME, EMAIL,
- A.ADDR_ID, STREET, CITY, STATE, ZIP, COUNTRY, COURSE_ID, C.NAME,
- DESCRIPTION, START_DATE, END_DATE FROM TUTORS T LEFT OUTER
- JOIN ADDRESSES A ON T.ADDR_ID=A.ADDR_ID LEFT OUTER JOIN COURSES
- C ON T.TUTOR_ID=C.TUTOR_ID WHERE T.TUTOR_ID=#{tutorId}")
- @ResultMap("com.mybatis3.mappers.TutorMapper.TutorResult")
- Tutor selectTutorById(int tutorId);
- }
有时候我们需要根据输入条件动态地构建SQL语句。MyBatis提供了各种注解如@InsertProvider,@UpdateProvider,@DeleteProvider和@SelectProvider,来帮助构建动态SQL语句,然后让MyBatis执行这些SQL语句。
4.4.1 @SelectProvider
现在让我们来看一个使用@SelectProvider注解来创建一个简单的SELECT映射语句的例子。
创建一个TutorDynaSqlProvider.java类,以及findTutorByIdSql()方法,如下所示:在TutorMapper.java接口中创建一个映射语句,如下:
- package com.mybatis3.sqlproviders;
- import org.apache.ibatis.jdbc.SQL;
- public class TutorDynaSqlProvider
- {
- public String findTutorByIdSql(int tutorId)
- {
- return "SELECT TUTOR_ID AS tutorId, NAME, EMAIL FROM TUTORS
- WHERE TUTOR_ID=" + tutorId;
- }
- }
- @SelectProvider(type=TutorDynaSqlProvider.class, method="findTutorByIdSql")
- Tutor findTutorById(int tutorId);
这里我们使用了@SelectProvider来指定了一个类,及其内部的方法,用来提供需要执行的SQL语句。
但是使用字符串拼接的方法唉构建SQL语句是非常困难的,并且容易出错。所以MyBaits提供了一个SQL工具类不使用字符串拼接的方式,简化构造动态SQL语句。
现在,让我们看看如何使用org.apache.ibatis.jdbc.SQL工具类来准备相同的SQL语句。
- package com.mybatis3.sqlproviders;
- import org.apache.ibatis.jdbc.SQL;
- public class TutorDynaSqlProvider
- {
- public String findTutorByIdSql(final int tutorId)
- {
- return new SQL()
- {
- {
- SELECT("tutor_id as tutorId, name, email");
- FROM("tutors");
- WHERE("tutor_id=" + tutorId);
- }
- } .toString();
- }
- }
SQL工具类会处理以合适的空格前缀和后缀来构造SQL语句。
动态SQL provider方法可以接收以下其中一种参数:
- ž 无参数
- ž 和映射器Mapper接口的方法同类型的参数
- ž java.util.Map
如果SQL语句的准备不取决于输入参数,你可以使用不带参数的SQL Provider方法。
例如:
- public String findTutorByIdSql()
- {
- return new SQL()
- {
- {
- SELECT("tutor_id as tutorId, name, email");
- FROM("tutors");
- WHERE("tutor_id = #{tutorId}");
- }
- } .toString();
- }
这里我们没有使用输入参数构造SQL语句,所以它可以是一个无参方法。
如果映射器Mapper接口方法只有一个参数,那么可以定义SQLProvider方法,它接受一个与Mapper接口方法相同类型的参数。
例如映射器Mapper接口有如下定义:
- "font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:12px;">Tutor findTutorById(int tutorId);
这里findTutorById(int)方法只有一个int类型的参数。我们可以定义findTutorByIdSql(int)方法作为SQL provider方法。
如果映射器Mapper接口有多个输入参数,我们可以使用参数类型为java.util.Map的方法作为SQLprovider方法。然后映射器Mapper接口方法所有的输入参数将会被放到map中,以param1,param2等等作为key,将输入参数按序作为value。你也可以使用0,1,2等作为key值来取的输入参数。
- public String findTutorByIdSql(final int tutorId)
- {
- return new SQL()
- {
- {
- SELECT("tutor_id as tutorId, name, email");
- FROM("tutors");
- WHERE("tutor_id=" + tutorId);
- }
- } .toString();
- }
- @SelectProvider(type = TutorDynaSqlProvider.class,
- method = "findTutorByNameAndEmailSql")
- Tutor findTutorByNameAndEmail(String name, String email);
- public String findTutorByNameAndEmailSql(Map
map) - {
- String name = (String) map.get("param1");
- String email = (String) map.get("param2");
- //you can also get those values using 0,1 keys
- //String name = (String) map.get("0");
- //String email = (String) map.get("1");
- return new SQL()
- {
- {
- SELECT("tutor_id as tutorId, name, email");
- FROM("tutors");
- WHERE("name=#{name} AND email=#{email}");
- }
- } .toString();
- }
SQL工具类也提供了其他的方法来表示JOINS,ORDER_BY,GROUP_BY等等。
让我们看一个使用LEFT_OUTER_JOIN的例子:由于没有支持使用内嵌结果ResultMap的一对多关联映射的注解支持,我们可以使用基于XML的
- public class TutorDynaSqlProvider
- {
- public String selectTutorById()
- {
- return new SQL()
- {
- {
- SELECT("t.tutor_id, t.name as tutor_name, email");
- SELECT("a.addr_id, street, city, state, zip, country");
- SELECT("course_id, c.name as course_name, description,
- start_date, end_date");
- FROM("TUTORS t");
- LEFT_OUTER_JOIN("addresses a on t.addr_id=a.addr_id");
- LEFT_OUTER_JOIN("courses c on t.tutor_id=c.tutor_id");
- WHERE("t.TUTOR_ID = #{id}");
- }
- } .toString();
- }
- }
- public interface TutorMapper
- {
- @SelectProvider(type = TutorDynaSqlProvider.class,
- method = "selectTutorById")
- @ResultMap("com.mybatis3.mappers.TutorMapper.TutorResult")
- Tutor selectTutorById(int tutorId);
- }
配置,然后与@ResultMap映射。 使用了动态的SQL provider,我们可以取得讲师及其地址和课程明细。
- <mapper namespace="com.mybatis3.mappers.TutorMapper">
- <resultMap type="Address" id="AddressResult">
- <id property="id" column="addr_id" />
- <result property="street" column="street" />
- <result property="city" column="city" />
- <result property="state" column="state" />
- <result property="zip" column="zip" />
- <result property="country" column="country" />
- resultMap>
- <resultMap type="Course" id="CourseResult">
- <id column="course_id" property="id" />
- <result column="course_name" property="name" />
- <result column="description" property="description" />
- <result column="start_date" property="startDate" />
- <result column="end_date" property="endDate" />
- resultMap>
- <resultMap type="Tutor" id="TutorResult">
- <id column="tutor_id" property="id" />
- <result column="tutor_name" property="name" />
- <result column="email" property="email" />
- <association property="address" resultMap="AddressResult" />
- <collection property="courses" resultMap="CourseResult">collection>
- resultMap>
- mapper>
4.4.2 @InsertProvider
我们可以使用@InsertProvider注解创建动态的INSERT语句,如下所示:
- public class TutorDynaSqlProvider
- {
- public String insertTutor(final Tutor tutor)
- {
- return new SQL()
- {
- {
- INSERT_INTO("TUTORS");
- if (tutor.getName() != null)
- {
- VALUES("NAME", "#{name}");
- }
- if (tutor.getEmail() != null)
- {
- VALUES("EMAIL", "#{email}");
- }
- }
- } .toString();
- }
- }
- public interface TutorMapper
- {
- @InsertProvider(type = TutorDynaSqlProvider.class,
- method = "insertTutor")
- @Options(useGeneratedKeys = true, keyProperty = "tutorId")
- int insertTutor(Tutor tutor);
- }
4.4.3 @UpdateProvider
我们可以通过@UpdateProvider注解创建UPDATE语句,如下所示:
- public class TutorDynaSqlProvider
- {
- public String updateTutor(final Tutor tutor)
- {
- return new SQL()
- {
- {
- UPDATE("TUTORS");
- if (tutor.getName() != null)
- {
- SET("NAME = #{name}");
- }
- if (tutor.getEmail() != null)
- {
- SET("EMAIL = #{email}");
- }
- WHERE("TUTOR_ID = #{tutorId}");
- }
- } .toString();
- }
- }
- public interface TutorMapper
- {
- @UpdateProvider(type = TutorDynaSqlProvider.class,
- method = "updateTutor")
- int updateTutor(Tutor tutor);
- }
4.4.4 @DeleteProvider
我们可以使用@DeleteProvider注解创建动态地DELETE语句,如下所示:
- public class TutorDynaSqlProvider
- {
- public String deleteTutor(int tutorId)
- {
- return new SQL()
- {
- {
- DELETE_FROM("TUTORS");
- WHERE("TUTOR_ID = #{tutorId}");
- }
- } .toString();
- }
- }
- public interface TutorMapper
- {
- @DeleteProvider(type = TutorDynaSqlProvider.class,
- method = "deleteTutor")
- int deleteTutor(int tutorId);
- }