Java 与 Kotlin 的语法对照
原文链接： http://www.jcodecraeer.com/demo/from-java-to-kotlin/index.html
一：Basic
Print
Java
System.out.print("Hello, World!");
System.out.println("Hello, World!");
Kotlin
print("Hello, World!")
println("Hello, World!")
Variables I
Java
final int x;
final int y = 1;
Kotlin
val x: Int
val y = 1
Variables II
Java
int w;
int z = 2;
z = 3;
w = 1;
Kotlin
var w: Int
var z = 2
z = 3
w = 1
Null I
Java
final String name = null;
String lastName;
lastName = null
Kotlin
val name: String? = null
var lastName: String?
lastName = null
var firstName: String
firstName = null // Compilation error!!
Null II
Java
if(text != null){
int length = text.length();
}
Kotlin
val length = text?.length
val length = text!!.length // NullPointerException if text == null
Strings I
Java
String name = "John";
String lastName = "Smith";
String text = "My name is: " + name + " " + lastName;
String otherText = "My name is: " + name.substring(2);
Kotlin
val name = "John"
val lastName = "Smith"
val text = "My name is: $name $lastName"
val otherText = "My name is: ${name.substring(2)}"
Strings II
Java
String text = "First Line\n" +
"Second Line\n" +
"Third Line";
Kotlin
val text = """
|First Line
|Second Line
|Third Line
""".trimMargin()
Ternary Operator
Java
String text = x > 5 ? "x > 5" : "x <= 5";
Kotlin
val text = if (x > 5)
"x > 5"
else "x <= 5"
BASICS
Bits Operations
Java
final int andResult = a & b;
final int orResult = a | b;
final int xorResult = a ^ b;
final int rightShift = a >> 2;
final int leftShift = a << 2;
Kotlin
val andResult = a and b
val orResult = a or b
val xorResult = a xor b
val rightShift = a shr 2
val leftShift = a shl 2
Is As In
Java
if(x instanceof Integer){ }
final String text = (String) other;
if(x >= 0 && x <= 10 ){}
Kotlin
if (x is Int) { }
val text = other as String
if (x in 0..10) { }
Smart Cast
Java
if(a instanceof String){
final String result = ((String) a).substring(1);
}
Kotlin
if (a is String) {
val result = a.substring(1)
}
Switch / When
Java
final int x = // value;
final String xResult;
switch (x){
case 0:
case 11:
xResult = "0 or 11";
break;
case 1:
case 2:
//...
case 10:
xResult = "from 1 to 10";
break;
default:
if(x < 12 && x > 14) {
xResult = "not from 12 to 14";
break;
}
if(isOdd(x)) {
xResult = "is odd";
break;
}
xResult = "otherwise";
}
final int y = // value;
final String yResult;
if(isNegative(y)){
yResult = "is Negative";
} else if(isZero(y)){
yResult = "is Zero";
}else if(isOdd(y)){
yResult = "is Odd";
}else {
yResult = "otherwise";
}
Kotlin
val x = // value
val xResult = when (x) {
0, 11 -> "0 or 11"
in 1..10 -> "from 1 to 10"
!in 12..14 -> "not from 12 to 14"
else -> if (isOdd(x)) { "is odd" } else { "otherwise" }
}
val y = // value
val yResult = when {
isNegative(y) -> "is Negative"
isZero(y) -> "is Zero"
isOdd(y) -> "is odd"
else -> "otherwise"
}
For
Java
for (int i = 1; i < 11 ; i++) { }
for (int i = 1; i < 11 ; i+=2) { }
for (String item : collection) { }
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry: map.entrySet()) { }
Kotlin
for (i in 1..10) { }
for (i in 1..10 step 2) {}
for (item in collection) {}
for ((index, item) in collection.withIndex()) {}
for ((key, value) in map) {}
Collections
Java
final List<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3);
final Map<Integer, String> map = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
map.put(1, "One");
map.put(2, "Two");
map.put(3, "Three");
// Java 9
final List<Integer> numbers = List.of(1, 2, 3);
final Map<Integer, String> map = Map.of(1, "One",
2, "Two",
3, "Three");
Kotlin
val numbers = listOf(1, 2, 3)
val map = mapOf(1 to "One",
2 to "Two",
3 to "Three")
Collections
Java
for (int number : numbers) {
System.out.println(number);
}
for (int number : numbers) {
if(number > 5) {
System.out.println(number);
}
}
Kotlin
numbers.forEach {
println(it)
}
numbers.filter { it > 5 }
.forEach { println(it) }
Collections
Java
final Map> groups = new HashMap<>();
for (int number : numbers) {
if((number & 1) == 0){
if(!groups.containsKey("even")){
groups.put("even", new ArrayList<>());
}
groups.get("even").add(number);
continue;
}
if(!groups.containsKey("odd")){
groups.put("odd", new ArrayList<>());
}
groups.get("odd").add(number);
}
Kotlin
val groups = numbers.groupBy {
if (it and 1 == 0) "even" else "odd"
}
Collections
Java
final List<Integer> evens = new ArrayList<>();
final List<Integer> odds = new ArrayList<>();
for (int number : numbers){
if ((number & 1) == 0) {
evens.add(number);
}else {
odds.add(number);
}
}
Kotlin
val (evens, odds) = numbers.partition { it and 1 == 0 }
Collections
Java
final List<User> users = getUsers();
Collections.sort(users, new Comparator<User>(){
public int compare(User user, User otherUser){
return user.lastname.compareTo(otherUser.lastname);
}
});
// or
users.sort(Comparator.comparing(user -> user.lastname));
Kotlin
val users = getUsers()
users.sortedBy { it.lastname }二：Functions
Basic Function
Java
public void hello() {
System.out.print("Hello, World!");
}
Kotlin
fun hello() {
println("Hello, World!")
}
Arguments
Java
public void hello(String name){
System.out.print("Hello, " + name + "!");
}
Kotlin
fun hello(name: String) {
println("Hello, $name!")
}
Default Values
Java
public void hello(String name) {
if (name == null) {
name = "World";
}
System.out.print("Hello, " + name + "!");
}
Kotlin
fun hello(name: String = "World") {
println("Hello, $name!")
}
Return
Java
public boolean hasItems() {
return true;
}
Kotlin
fun hasItems() : Boolean {
return true
}
Single-Expression
Java
public double cube(double x) {
return x * x * x;
}
Kotlin
fun cube(x: Double) : Double = x * x * x
FUNCTIONS
Vararg
Java
public int sum(int... numbers) { }
Kotlin
fun sum(vararg x: Int) { }
Main
Java
public class MyClass {
public static void main(String[] args){
}
}
Kotlin
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
}
Named Arguments
Java
public static void main(String[]args){
openFile("file.txt", true);
}
public static File openFile(String filename, boolean readOnly) { }
Kotlin
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
openFile("file.txt", readOnly = true)
}
fun openFile(filename: String, readOnly: Boolean) : File { }
Optional Arguments
Java
public static void main(String[]args){
createFile("file.txt");
createFile("file.txt", true);
createFile("file.txt", true, false);
createExecutableFile("file.txt");
}
public static File createFile(String filename) { }
public static File createFile(String filename, boolean appendDate) { }
public static File createFile(String filename, boolean appendDate,
boolean executable) { }
public static File createExecutableFile(String filename) { }
Kotlin
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
createFile("file.txt")
createFile("file.txt", true)
createFile("file.txt", appendDate = true)
createFile("file.txt", true, false)
createFile("file.txt", appendDate = true, executable = true)
createFile("file.txt", executable = true)
}
fun createFile(filename: String, appendDate: Boolean = false,
executable: Boolean = false): File { }
Generic Methods
Java
public void init() {
List<String> moduleInferred = createList("net");
}
public <T> List<T> createList(T item) { }
Kotlin
fun init() {
val module = createList("net")
val moduleInferred = createList("net")
}
fun { }
Data Classes - Destructuring
Java
public static void main(String[]args) {
Book book = createBook();
System.out.println(book);
System.out.println("Title: " + book.title);
}
public static Book createBook(){
return new Book("title_01", "author_01");
}
public class Book {
final private String title;
final private String author;
public Book(String title, String author) {
this.title = title;
this.author = author;
}
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Title: " + title + " Author: " + author;
}
}
Kotlin
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val book = createBook();
// or
val (title, author) = createBook()
println(book)
println("Title: $title")
}
fun createBook() : Book{
return Book("title_01", "author_01")
}
data class Book(val title: String, val author: String)三：Classes
Constructor Call
Java
final File file = new File("file.txt");
Kotlin
val file = File("file.txt")
Class
Java
public final class User {
}
Kotlin
class User
Open Class
Java
public class User {
}
Kotlin
open class User
Final Attributes
Java
final class User {
private final String name;
public User(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
}
Kotlin
class User(val name: String)
Primary Constructor
Java
final class User {
private String name;
public User(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
Kotlin
class User(var name: String)
Optional Arguments in Constructors
Java
final class User {
private String name;
private String lastName;
public User(String name) {
this(name, "");
}
public User(String name, String lastName) {
this.name = name;
this.lastName = lastName;
}
// And Getters & Setters
}
Kotlin
class User(var name: String, var lastName: String = "")
Properties
Java
public class Document {
private String id = "00x";
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
if(id != null && !id.isEmpty()) {
this.id = id;
}
}
}
Kotlin
class Document{
var id : String = "00x"
set(value) {
if(value.isNotEmpty()) field = value
}
}
FUNCTIONS
Abstract Class
Java
public abstract class Document{
public abstract int calculateSize();
}
public class Photo extends Document{
@Override
public int calculateSize() {
}
}
Kotlin
abstract class Document {
abstract fun calculateSize(): Int
}
class Photo : Document() {
override fun calculateSize(): Int {
}
}
Singleton
Java
public class Document {
private static final Document INSTANCE = new Document();
public static Document getInstance(){
return INSTANCE;
}
}
Kotlin
object Document {
}
Extensions
Java
public class ByteArrayUtils {
public static String toHexString(byte[] data) {
}
}
final byte[] dummyData = new byte[10];
final String hexValue = ByteArrayUtils.toHexString(dummyData);
Kotlin
fun ByteArray.toHex() : String {
}
val dummyData = byteArrayOf()
val hexValue = dummyData.toHex()
Inner Class
Java
public class Documment {
class InnerClass {
}
}
Kotlin
class Document {
internal inner class InnerClass
}
Nested Class
Java
public class Documment {
public static class InnerClass {
}
}
Kotlin
class Document {
class InnerClass
}
Interface
Java
public interface Printable {
void print();
}
public class Document implements Printable {
@Override
public void print() {
}
}
Kotlin
interface Printable{
fun print()
}
class Document : Printable{
override fun print() {
}
}