Linux下PG环境搭建

安装Linux

本实验以CentOS6以及PostgreSQL 13为例

[root@mysql postgres]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS release 6.10 (Final)
root@mysql postgres]# arch
x86_64
[root@mysql postgres]# 

配置Linux

• 网络配置（静态ip配置）

  vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
  
  BOOTPROTO=static  #启用静态ip地址
  ONBOOT=yes             #开启自动启用网络连接
  IPADDR=192.168.177.100  #设置ip地址
  NETMASK=255.255.255.0 #设置子网掩码
  GATEWAY=192.168.177.2   #设置网关（注意如果是虚拟机安装，此处的网关应该去vmware 中查看；
  如果是物理机安装，则此处网关为实际物理机网关）
  
  DNS1=114.114.114.114        #设置主DNS
  DNS2=8.8.8.8     #设置备DNS
  IPV6INIT=no            #禁用ipv6
  
  :x   #保存退出
  

• yum源配置

  # 添加华为云 yum 源
  cp -a /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
  sed -i "s/#baseurl/baseurl/g" /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
  sed -i "s/mirrorlist=http/#mirrorlist=http/g" /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
  sed -i "s@http://mirror.centos.org@https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com@g" /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
  yum clean all  # 清除原有yum缓存。
  yum makecache  # 刷新缓存
  

• vim /etc/sysctl.conf

  追加到文件末尾  
    
  kernel.shmall = 4294967296  
  kernel.shmmax=135497418752  
  kernel.shmmni = 4096  
  kernel.sem = 50100 64128000 50100 1280  
  fs.file-max = 7672460  
  fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576  
  net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65000  
  net.core.rmem_default = 262144  
  net.core.rmem_max = 4194304  
  net.core.wmem_default = 262144  
  net.core.wmem_max = 4194304  
  net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 4096  
  net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 10000  
  net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_max = 655360  
  net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0  
  net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=1  
  net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps=1  
  net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 72   
  net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 9   
  net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 7  
  vm.zone_reclaim_mode=0  
  vm.dirty_background_bytes = 40960000  
  vm.dirty_ratio = 80  
  vm.dirty_expire_centisecs = 6000  
  vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs = 50  
  vm.swappiness=0  
  vm.overcommit_memory = 0  
  vm.overcommit_ratio = 90  
  

  立即生效

  sysctl -p  
  

• vim /etc/security/limits.conf

  * soft    nofile  131072  
  * hard    nofile  131072  
  * soft    nproc   131072  
  * hard    nproc   131072  
  * soft    core    unlimited  
  * hard    core    unlimited  
  * soft    memlock 500000000  
  * hard    memlock 500000000  
  

• /etc/security/limits.d/*

  rm -f /etc/security/limits.d/*
  

• 关闭selinux

  • vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux

    SELINUX=disabled  
    SELINUXTYPE=targeted  
    

  • setenforce 0

• 关闭防火墙

  iptables -F
  service iptables stop
  

• 重启

  reboot
  

安装PG前准备工作

• 安装依赖包

  root用户下，使用yum 安装依赖包  
    
  yum -y install coreutils glib2 lrzsz mpstat dstat sysstat e4fsprogs xfsprogs ntp readline-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel pam-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel python-devel tcl-devel gcc make smartmontools flex bison perl-devel perl-Ext  
  Utils* openldap-devel jadetex  openjade bzip2  
  

• 创建用户 postgres

  useradd postgres
  

• 下载PG源码包

  mkdir -p /tools && cd /tools && wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13beta1/postgresql-13beta1.tar.gz
  

• 解压PG源码包

  tar zxvf postgres*gz
  chown -R postgres.postgres postgresql-13beta1
  

编译安装PG

• 编译PG源码包

  [root@mysql tools]# su - postgres
  [postgres@mysql ~]$ cd /tools/
  [postgres@mysql tools]$ ls
  axel-2.17.8  axel-2.17.8.tar.gz  mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz  postgresql-13beta1  postgresql-13beta1.tar.gz
  [postgres@mysql tools]$ cd postgresql-13beta1
  [postgres@mysql postgresql-13beta1]$ ./configure --prefix=/home/postgres/pg13 && make world -j 8  && make install-world 
  

  • 编译完成

    /bin/mkdir -p '/home/postgres/pg13/share/extension'
    /usr/bin/install -c -m 755  tsm_system_time.so '/home/postgres/pg13/lib/tsm_system_time.so'
    /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 ./tsm_system_time.control '/home/postgres/pg13/share/extension/'
    /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 ./tsm_system_time--1.0.sql  '/home/postgres/pg13/share/extension/'
    make[2]: Leaving directory `/tools/postgresql-13beta1/contrib/tsm_system_time'
    make -C unaccent install
    make[2]: Entering directory `/tools/postgresql-13beta1/contrib/unaccent'
    /bin/mkdir -p '/home/postgres/pg13/lib'
    /bin/mkdir -p '/home/postgres/pg13/share/extension'
    /bin/mkdir -p '/home/postgres/pg13/share/extension'
    /bin/mkdir -p '/home/postgres/pg13/share/tsearch_data'
    /usr/bin/install -c -m 755  unaccent.so '/home/postgres/pg13/lib/unaccent.so'
    /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 ./unaccent.control '/home/postgres/pg13/share/extension/'
    /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 ./unaccent--1.1.sql ./unaccent--1.0--1.1.sql  '/home/postgres/pg13/share/extension/'
    /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 ./unaccent.rules '/home/postgres/pg13/share/tsearch_data/'
    make[2]: Leaving directory `/tools/postgresql-13beta1/contrib/unaccent'
    make -C vacuumlo install
    make[2]: Entering directory `/tools/postgresql-13beta1/contrib/vacuumlo'
    /bin/mkdir -p '/home/postgres/pg13/bin'
    /usr/bin/install -c  vacuumlo '/home/postgres/pg13/bin'
    make[2]: Leaving directory `/tools/postgresql-13beta1/contrib/vacuumlo'
    make[1]: Leaving directory `/tools/postgresql-13beta1/contrib'
    PostgreSQL, contrib, and documentation installation complete.
    
    

• 创建PG数据目录与软件安装目录

  root用户下
  mkdir -p /data/pgsql/data
  chown -R postgres.postgres /data/pgsql
  mkdir -p /home/postgres/pg13
  ln -s /home/postgres/pg13 /home/postgres/pgsql 
  

• 配置环境变量

  postgres 用户下，配置环境变量

  su - postgres  
  vim ~/.bash_profile  
    
  追加  
    
  export PS1="$USER@`/bin/hostname -s`-> "  
  export PGPORT=1921  
  export PGDATA=/data/pgsql/data
  export LANG=en_US.utf8  
  export PGHOME=/home/postgres/pgsql  
  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PGHOME/lib:/lib64:/usr/lib64:/usr/local/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH  
  export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH:.  
  export DATE=`date +"%Y%m%d%H%M"`  
  export MANPATH=$PGHOME/share/man:$MANPATH  
  export PGHOST=$PGDATA  
  export PGUSER=postgres  
  export PGDATABASE=postgres  
  alias rm='rm -i'  
  alias ll='ls -lh'  
  
  

  • ​ 使配置生效

    source ~/.bash_profile
    

• 初始化数据库集群

  initdb -D $PGDATA -E UTF8 --locale=C -U postgres 
  
  

• 修改PG配置文件 postgresql.conf（以4G内存、8核心为例）

  vim $PGDATA/postgresql.conf

  追加到文件末尾 
  listen_addresses = '0.0.0.0'  
  port = 5432
  shared_buffers = 512MB  # (内存8分之1)
  checkpoint_timeout = 30min   
  max_wal_size = 2GB  # (内存0.5倍)
  min_wal_size = 128MB  
  max_connections = 200  # (根据实际业务量)
  

  其他参考：https://github.com/digoal/blog/blob/master/201704/20170411_01.md

• 修改PG认证文件 pg_hba.conf

  vim $PGDATA/pg_hba.conf

  追加  
    
  host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5  
  

• 启动数据库集群

  su - postgres
  pg_ctl start  
  

• 连接数据库

  su - postgres  
  psql
  
  

• 编写PG启停脚本

  vim /usr/local/bin/pgsql_ctl

  #! /bin/sh
  
  status()
  {
         
  	if [[ -n `pidof -s postmaster` ]] || [[ -n `pidof -s postgres` ]];then
  		echo "PostgreSQL is running ! "
  	else
  		echo "PostgreSQL is stopped ! "
  	fi
  }
  
  
  start()
  {
         
  	su - postgres -c "pg_ctl start "
  	if [[ $? -eq 0 ]];then
  		echo "PostgreSQL started ! "
  	else
  		echo "PostgreSQL start failed! "
  	fi
  }
  
  
  stop()
  {
         
  	su - postgres -c "pg_ctl stop -m fast "
  	if [[ $? -eq 0 ]];then
  		echo "PostgreSQL stoped ! "
  	else
  		echo "PostgreSQL stop  failed! "
  	fi
  }
  
  
  case $1 in 
  	status)
  		status
  		;;
  	start)
  		start
  		;;
  	stop)
  		stop
  		;;
  	restart)
  		stop
  		start
  		;;
  	*)
      echo "your param is wrong,please input like pgsql_ctl "
      ;;
  esac
  
  

• 测试启停脚本

  [root@mysql postgres]# pgsql_ctl --help
  your param is wrong,please input like pgsql_ctl <start|stop|status>
  [root@mysql postgres]# 
  [root@mysql postgres]# 
  [root@mysql postgres]# pgsql_ctl statsu
  your param is wrong,please input like pgsql_ctl <start|stop|status>
  [root@mysql postgres]# 
  [root@mysql postgres]# pgsql_ctl status
  PostgreSQL is running ! 
  [root@mysql postgres]# 
  [root@mysql postgres]# pgsql_ctl stop
  waiting for server to shut down....2020-06-06 16:55:30.740 CST [13726] LOG:  received fast shutdown request
  2020-06-06 16:55:30.741 CST [13726] LOG:  aborting any active transactions
  2020-06-06 16:55:30.742 CST [13726] LOG:  background worker "logical replication launcher" (PID 13733) exited with exit code 1
  2020-06-06 16:55:30.744 CST [13728] LOG:  shutting down
  2020-06-06 16:55:30.796 CST [13726] LOG:  database system is shut down
   done
  server stopped
  PostgreSQL stoped ! 
  [root@mysql postgres]# pgsql_ctl status
  PostgreSQL is stopped ! 
  [root@mysql postgres]# 
  [root@mysql postgres]# pgsql_ctl start
  waiting for server to start....2020-06-06 16:55:34.941 CST [13803] LOG:  starting PostgreSQL 13beta1 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-23), 64-bit
  2020-06-06 16:55:34.942 CST [13803] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 5432
  2020-06-06 16:55:34.944 CST [13803] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "./.s.PGSQL.5432"
  2020-06-06 16:55:34.960 CST [13804] LOG:  database system was shut down at 2020-06-06 16:55:30 CST
  2020-06-06 16:55:34.983 CST [13803] LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections
   done
  server started
  PostgreSQL started ! 
  [root@mysql postgres]# pgsql_ctl status
  PostgreSQL is running ! 
  [root@mysql postgres]# 
  [root@mysql postgres]# pgsql_ctl restart
  waiting for server to shut down....2020-06-06 16:55:40.313 CST [13803] LOG:  received fast shutdown request
  2020-06-06 16:55:40.315 CST [13803] LOG:  aborting any active transactions
  2020-06-06 16:55:40.316 CST [13803] LOG:  background worker "logical replication launcher" (PID 13810) exited with exit code 1
  2020-06-06 16:55:40.317 CST [13805] LOG:  shutting down
  2020-06-06 16:55:40.380 CST [13803] LOG:  database system is shut down
   done
  server stopped
  PostgreSQL stoped ! 
  waiting for server to start....2020-06-06 16:55:40.574 CST [13860] LOG:  starting PostgreSQL 13beta1 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-23), 64-bit
  2020-06-06 16:55:40.574 CST [13860] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 5432
  2020-06-06 16:55:40.578 CST [13860] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "./.s.PGSQL.5432"
  2020-06-06 16:55:40.592 CST [13861] LOG:  database system was shut down at 2020-06-06 16:55:40 CST
  2020-06-06 16:55:40.619 CST [13860] LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections
   done
  server started
  PostgreSQL started ! 
  [root@mysql postgres]# pgsql_ctl status
  PostgreSQL is running ! 
  [root@mysql postgres]#