sqlite3数据库C语言简单操作基础之数据的查找(三)
概述:sqlite3数据库的创建,增删改都说过了,今天就是数据库的查找,也算是数据库比较核心的应用。如果用之前的API执行,因查找数据库有返回值,也就导致使用sqlite_exec()函数时要写回调函数,我觉得这样子效率不高,编写麻烦,我这边就用几个新的API去做。这几个新的API其实就是sqlite_exec()函数的分解版。
1,分解版API介绍
int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
sqlite3 *db, /* Database handle ---数据库操作句柄*/
const char *zSql, /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded --- UTF8编码sql语句*/
int nByte, /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. ---sql语句长度*/
sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt, /* OUT: Statement handle ---准备好的二进制执行语句句柄*/
const char **pzTail /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql ---指向sql语句中未使用的语句*/
);
/*
这个函数主要作用就是将一条sql语句转换为sqlite3可执行二进制sql语句并存入sqlite3_stmt类型数据中,也就是sql语句的准备过程。
*/
int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
/*
这个函数主要就是执行我们准备好的二进制sql语句,执行成功等状态通过返回值判断。
SQLITE_BUSY 意味着数据库引擎无法获取执行其工作所需的数据库锁定;
SQLITE_DONE 表示语句已成功执行;
SQLITE_ROW 如果正在执行的SQL语句返回任何数据,那么每当调用者准备好处理一行新的数据时返回该值;
SQLITE_ERROR 意味着发生了一个运行时错误;
SQLITE_MISUSE 意味着这个例程被不恰当的调用;
*/
int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
/*
这些函数主要是在执行完sqlite3_step后,获取一行数据中某一列的值。这个值可能是int,text等类型。那就使用对应的类型函数去获取值。详细的官网地址:http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/column_blob.html;
*/
int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt * pStmt)
/*
释放二进制sql执行语句,避免内存泄漏。
*/
2,查找数据
主要还是看sql语句语法,插入数据用到的关键字就是**SELECT**,它的语法知识可以简单的概括为两种。
SELECT 列名称 FROM 表名称
SELECT * FROM 表名称
后面还可加WHERE 条件 如 SELECT * FROM student WHERE name = 'SKy'
下面是一个查找数据个数的代码:
/*查找数据个数*/
int sqlite_find_count(sqlite3 *db)
{
/*查找名字为Sky的个数*/
char *sql = "select count(*) from student where name = 'Sky';";
sqlite3_stmt *stmt = NULL;
/*将sql语句转换为sqlite3可识别的语句,返回指针到stmt*/
int res = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, sql, strlen(sql), &stmt, NULL);
if (SQLITE_OK != res || NULL == stmt) {
goto err1;
}
/*执行准备好的sqlite3语句*/
res = sqlite3_step(stmt);
if (res != SQLITE_ROW) {
goto err2;
}
int count = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 0);
if (count < 0) {
goto err2;
}
printf("count = %d\n", count);
sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
return count;
err2:
sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
err1:
return -1;
}
下面是一个查找数据并取出数据代码:
/*查找数据并取出数据*/
int sqlite_find_parse(sqlite3 *db)
{
/*查找name为Sky的数据*/
char *sql = "select * from student where name = 'Sky';";
sqlite3_stmt *stmt = NULL;
/*将sql语句转换为sqlite3可识别的语句,返回指针到stmt*/
int res = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, sql, strlen(sql), &stmt, NULL);
if (SQLITE_OK != res || NULL == stmt) {
goto err1;
}
/*执行准备好的sqlite3语句*/
while (SQLITE_ROW == sqlite3_step(stmt)) {
printf("name: %s, uuid: %u\n",\
sqlite3_column_text(stmt, 1),\
sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 2));
}
sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
return 0;
err2:
sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
err1:
return -1;
}
3,整个demo源码与运行结果
demo
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include "sqlite/sqlite3.h"
/*插入数据到数据库*/
int insert_data(sqlite3 *db)
{
char *sql = "INSERT INTO student (name,uuid) VALUES('Alice', 17531000);"
"INSERT INTO student (name,uuid) VALUES('Bob', 17531001);"
"INSERT INTO student (name,uuid) VALUES('Sky', 17531002);"
"INSERT INTO student (name,uuid) VALUES('Born', 17531003);"
"INSERT INTO student (name,uuid) VALUES('Jason', 17531004);"
"INSERT INTO student (name,uuid) VALUES('Mike', 17531005);"
"INSERT INTO student (name,uuid) VALUES('Tisa', 17531006);"
"INSERT INTO student (name,uuid) VALUES('Sky', 17531007);";
char *err_msg = NULL;
int rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, 0, 0, &err_msg);
if (rc != SQLITE_OK ) {
fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", err_msg);
sqlite3_free(err_msg);
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
/*查找数据个数*/
int sqlite_find_count(sqlite3 *db)
{
/*查找名字为Sky的个数*/
char *sql = "select count(*) from student where name = 'Sky';";
sqlite3_stmt *stmt = NULL;
/*将sql语句转换为sqlite3可识别的语句,返回指针到stmt*/
int res = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, sql, strlen(sql), &stmt, NULL);
if (SQLITE_OK != res || NULL == stmt) {
goto err1;
}
/*执行准备好的sqlite3语句*/
res = sqlite3_step(stmt);
if (res != SQLITE_ROW) {
goto err2;
}
int count = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 0);
if (count < 0) {
goto err2;
}
printf("count = %d\n", count);
sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
return count;
err2:
sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
err1:
return -1;
}
/*查找数据并取出数据*/
int sqlite_find_parse(sqlite3 *db)
{
/*查找name为Sky的数据*/
char *sql = "select * from student where name = 'Sky';";
sqlite3_stmt *stmt = NULL;
/*将sql语句转换为sqlite3可识别的语句,返回指针到stmt*/
int res = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, sql, strlen(sql), &stmt, NULL);
if (SQLITE_OK != res || NULL == stmt) {
goto err1;
}
/*执行准备好的sqlite3语句*/
while (SQLITE_ROW == sqlite3_step(stmt)) {
printf("name: %s, uuid: %u\n",\
sqlite3_column_text(stmt, 1),\
sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 2));
}
sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
return 0;
err2:
sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
err1:
return -1;
}
int main(void) {
sqlite3 *db;
char *err_msg = NULL;
/*打开或创建数据库test.db文件*/
int rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db);
if (rc != SQLITE_OK) {
printf("open database test.db failed\n");
sqlite3_close(db);
return 1;
}
/*
此sql语句意思,如果student这张表不存在就创建student表,
表的格式为主键id int类型、name 字符串类型、uuid int类型、uuid 唯一性 不可重复
*/
char *sql = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS student (\
[id] INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,\
[name] TXT,\
[uuid] INTEGER,\
UNIQUE([uuid])\
);";
/*执行上述sql语句*/
rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, 0, 0, &err_msg);
if (rc != SQLITE_OK ) {
printf("SQL error: %s\n", err_msg);
sqlite3_free(err_msg);
sqlite3_close(db);
return 1;
}
insert_data(db);
sqlite_find_count(db);
sqlite_find_parse(db);
/*关闭数据库*/
sqlite3_close(db);
return 0;
}
运行结果如下:
sky@ubuntu:~/Study/sqlite3/build$ ./sqlite_test
count = 2
name: Sky, uuid: 17531002
name: Sky, uuid: 17531007