计算机视觉实战(十三）停车场车位识别(附完整代码)

  要做以下几件事情：

1. 一共有多少辆车。
2. 有多少个空余的车位。
3. 哪个停车位被占用了，哪个停车位没有被占用。

  读取图像：

  拿到图像之后，我们需要将其预处理，低于120，或者高于255的都处理为0。

def select_rgb_white_yellow(self,image): 
    #过滤掉背景
    lower = np.uint8([120, 120, 120])
    upper = np.uint8([255, 255, 255])
    # lower_red和高于upper_red的部分分别变成0，lower_red～upper_red之间的值变成255,相当于过滤背景
    white_mask = cv2.inRange(image, lower, upper)
    self.cv_show('white_mask',white_mask)
    masked = cv2.bitwise_and(image, image, mask = white_mask)
    self.cv_show('masked',masked)
    return masked

  然后再将其与原始图像做与操作，这样的话，只有原始图像是255的像素点留下来了。

  然后再做灰度处理，再做边缘检测：

  手动选择有效区域：

def select_region(self,image):
    """
            手动选择区域
    """
    # first, define the polygon by vertices
    rows, cols = image.shape[:2]
    pt_1  = [cols*0.05, rows*0.90]
    pt_2 = [cols*0.05, rows*0.70]
    pt_3 = [cols*0.30, rows*0.55]
    pt_4 = [cols*0.6, rows*0.15]
    pt_5 = [cols*0.90, rows*0.15] 
    pt_6 = [cols*0.90, rows*0.90]
    vertices = np.array([[pt_1, pt_2, pt_3, pt_4, pt_5, pt_6]], dtype=np.int32) 
    point_img = image.copy()       
    point_img = cv2.cvtColor(point_img, cv2.COLOR_GRAY2RGB)
    for point in vertices[0]:
        cv2.circle(point_img, (point[0],point[1]), 10, (0,0,255), 4)
    self.cv_show('point_img',point_img)
    return self.filter_region(image, vertices)

  之后做一个mask填充，然后将其分割出来：

def filter_region(self,image, vertices):
    """
            剔除掉不需要的地方
    """
    mask = np.zeros_like(image)
    if len(mask.shape)==2:
        cv2.fillPoly(mask, vertices, 255)
        self.cv_show('mask', mask)    
    return cv2.bitwise_and(image, mask)

  再利用霍夫变换检测直线，再过滤一些：

def hough_lines(self,image):
    #输入的图像需要是边缘检测后的结果
    #minLineLengh(线的最短长度，比这个短的都被忽略)和MaxLineCap（两条直线之间的最大间隔，小于此值，认为是一条直线）
    #rho距离精度,theta角度精度,threshod超过设定阈值才被检测出线段
    return cv2.HoughLinesP(image, rho=0.1, theta=np.pi/10, threshold=15, minLineLength=9, maxLineGap=4)
def draw_lines(self,image, lines, color=[255, 0, 0], thickness=2, make_copy=True):
    # 过滤霍夫变换检测到直线
    if make_copy:
        image = np.copy(image) 
    cleaned = []
    for line in lines:
        for x1,y1,x2,y2 in line:
            if abs(y2-y1) <=1 and abs(x2-x1) >=25 and abs(x2-x1) <= 55:
                cleaned.append((x1,y1,x2,y2))
                cv2.line(image, (x1, y1), (x2, y2), color, thickness)
    print(" No lines detected: ", len(cleaned))
    return image

def identify_blocks(self,image, lines, make_copy=True):
    if make_copy:
        new_image = np.copy(image)
    #Step 1: 过滤部分直线
    cleaned = []
    for line in lines:
        for x1,y1,x2,y2 in line:
            if abs(y2-y1) <=1 and abs(x2-x1) >=25 and abs(x2-x1) <= 55:
                cleaned.append((x1,y1,x2,y2))
    
    #Step 2: 对直线按照x1进行排序
    import operator
    list1 = sorted(cleaned, key=operator.itemgetter(0, 1))
    
    #Step 3: 找到多个列，相当于每列是一排车
    clusters = {
     }
    dIndex = 0
    clus_dist = 10

    for i in range(len(list1) - 1):
        distance = abs(list1[i+1][0] - list1[i][0])
        if distance <= clus_dist:
            if not dIndex in clusters.keys(): clusters[dIndex] = []
            clusters[dIndex].append(list1[i])
            clusters[dIndex].append(list1[i + 1]) 

        else:
            dIndex += 1
    
    #Step 4: 得到坐标
    rects = {
     }
    i = 0
    for key in clusters:
        all_list = clusters[key]
        cleaned = list(set(all_list))
        if len(cleaned) > 5:
            cleaned = sorted(cleaned, key=lambda tup: tup[1])
            avg_y1 = cleaned[0][1]
            avg_y2 = cleaned[-1][1]
            avg_x1 = 0
            avg_x2 = 0
            for tup in cleaned:
                avg_x1 += tup[0]
                avg_x2 += tup[2]
            avg_x1 = avg_x1/len(cleaned)
            avg_x2 = avg_x2/len(cleaned)
            rects[i] = (avg_x1, avg_y1, avg_x2, avg_y2)
            i += 1
    
    print("Num Parking Lanes: ", len(rects))
    #Step 5: 把列矩形画出来
    buff = 7
    for key in rects:
        tup_topLeft = (int(rects[key][0] - buff), int(rects[key][1]))
        tup_botRight = (int(rects[key][2] + buff), int(rects[key][3]))
        cv2.rectangle(new_image, tup_topLeft,tup_botRight,(0,255,0),3)
    return new_image, rects

  按列划分区域：

  再划分更细：

  之后再构建神经网络，对方框里面的图片进行分类。

  完整代码 ：https://github.com/ZhiqiangHo/Opencv-Computer-Vision-Practice-Python-

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