开篇
我之前发过一篇博文《两天完成一个小型工程报价系统(三层架构)》，不少朋友向我要源码学习，后来久而久之忘记回复了。今天我再分享一个进销存系统，只为学习，没有复杂的框架和设计模式，有的是我个人的理解，大家互相探讨技术才会提高。当然我的命名不是很规范，兄弟们凑合着看。:)
思想和架构
在传统的三层架构思想上扩展出N层架构，将业务逻辑层换成WCF服务。抽象工厂的引入提高了程序的扩展性，单利+缓存+反射则提升了程序的性能。数据库则换成了Oracle，所以相应的数据访问层也换成了OracleDal，当然你完全可以写SqlServerDal，因为我数据访问层接口都已定义好。
界面和控件的设计美化
总体思路和流程---数据库Oracle
数据库既然选择了Oracle，当然先必须安装好Oracle,然后再装Plsql，这一步也是很简单的。不清楚的话，可去查找资料。
对Oracle而言，数据库已服务形式存在，有几个数据库就对应几个服务，删除了数据库后相应的服务也没了，其次一个兼容程序监听着服务。这些都可以自行配置，我不啰嗦了，毕竟我也不熟。我把Oracle脚本导出了，大家只要复制到Commad Window里粘贴即可，但前期创建表空间和用户我还是稍微提一下：
- 首先用你用plsql连接一个服务（数据库Orcl），用Connect as SysDBA进入。
- 创建表空间：注意路径一定要已经存在。
create tablespace invoicing logging datafile 'C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\oradata\invoicing.dbf' size 32M autoextend on next 32M maxsize 1024M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;
- 找到左下角侧用户(Users)，创建用户Invoicing，密码：Invoicing,分配权限：dba，connect
- 用新创建的用户名和密码重新登录。
- 找到Command Window，把我提供给你的脚本复制进去就OK了。
总体思路和流程---数据访问层IDAL
- 一个通用的泛型接口：
public interface IBaseService<T> where T :class
{
List<T> GetEntities(string sqlWhere);
T GetOneEntityByID(int id);
T AddEntity(T entity);
bool UpdateEntity(T entity);
bool DeleteEntity(string sqlWhere);
}- 某个数据访问层接口实继承这个泛型接口
public interface ICommodityService:IBaseService<Model.CommodityModel>
{
}总体思路和流程---抽象工厂Abstract
-
public abstract class DalFactory { public abstract IDAL.ICommodityService CommdityDal { get; } public abstract IDAL.IPurchaseCommodityService PurchaseCommdityDal { get; } public abstract IDAL.IPurchaseOrdersService PurchaseOrderDal { get; } public abstract IDAL.ISalesCommodityService SalesCommodityDal { get; } public abstract IDAL.ISalesOrdersService SalesOrderDal { get; } public abstract IDAL.IUserService UserDal { get; } }总体思路和流程---数据访问层Dal
- 为了提高效率，可以考虑缓存
public override IDAL.ICommodityService CommdityDal
{
//缓存里拿
get {
OracleDAL.CommodityService instance = System.Web.HttpRuntime.Cache["CommodityDal"] as OracleDAL.CommodityService;
if (instance == null)
{
instance = new OracleDAL.CommodityService();
System.Web.HttpRuntime.Cache.Add("CommodityDal", instance, null, System.Web.Caching.Cache.NoAbsoluteExpiration, System.Web.Caching.Cache.NoSlidingExpiration, System.Web.Caching.CacheItemPriority.Normal, null);
}
return instance;
}
}
- OracleHelper和System.Data.OracleClient来实现数据访问层
namespace Insigma.Eyes.PSS.OracleDAL
{
public class CommodityService:ICommodityService
{
public List GetEntities(string sqlWhere)
{
string sql = string.Format("select * from commodity where 1=1 {0}",sqlWhere);
List listCommodities = new List();
//Using 限定对象使用的范围在花括号里面，出了花括号后释放资源
using (OracleDataReader odr=OracleHelper.ExecuteReader(OracleHelper.ConnectionString, CommandType.Text, sql, null))
{
while (odr.Read())
{
Model.CommodityModel commodity = new Model.CommodityModel();
commodity.ID = odr.GetInt32(0);
commodity.Name = odr.IsDBNull(1) ? "" : odr.GetString(1);
commodity.Type = odr.IsDBNull(2) ? "" : odr.GetString(2);
commodity.Manufacturer = odr.IsDBNull(3) ? "" : odr.GetString(3);
commodity.Inventory = odr.IsDBNull(4) ? 0 : odr.GetInt32(4);
commodity.UnitPrice = odr.IsDBNull(5) ? 0 : odr.GetDecimal(5);
commodity.Unit = odr.IsDBNull(6) ? "" : odr.GetString(6);
listCommodities.Add(commodity);
}
}
return listCommodities;
}
public Model.CommodityModel GetOneEntityByID(int id)
{
string sqlWhere = string.Format(" and id={0}",id);
List list = GetEntities(sqlWhere);
return list.SingleOrDefault(c => c.ID == id);
}
private int GetNewID()
{
string sql = "select s_commodity.nextval from dual";
return int.Parse(OracleHelper.ExecuteScalar(OracleHelper.ConnectionString,CommandType.Text,sql,null).ToString());
}
public Model.CommodityModel AddEntity(Model.CommodityModel entity)
{
entity.ID = GetNewID();
string sql = string.Format(@"insert into Commodity(ID,Name,Type,Manufacturer,Inventory,UnitPrice,Unit)
values({0},'{1}','{2}','{3}',{4},{5},'{6}')", entity.ID, entity.Name, entity.Type, entity.Manufacturer, entity.Inventory, entity.UnitPrice, entity.UnitPrice);
if (OracleHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(OracleHelper.ConnectionString,CommandType.Text,sql,null)>0)
{
return entity;
}
else
{
return null;
}
}
public bool UpdateEntity(Model.CommodityModel entity)
{
string sql = string.Format("update Commodity set Name='{0}',Type='{1}',Manufacturer='{2}',Inventory={3},UnitPrice={4},Unit='{5}' where ID={6}",
entity.Name, entity.Type, entity.Manufacturer, entity.Inventory, entity.UnitPrice, entity.Unit, entity.ID);
return OracleHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(OracleHelper.ConnectionString,CommandType.Text,sql,null)>0;
}
public bool DeleteEntity(string sqlWhere)
{
string sql = string.Format("delete form Commodity where 1=1 {0}",sqlWhere);
return OracleHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(OracleHelper.ConnectionString, CommandType.Text, sql, null) > 0;
}
}
} 总体思路和流程---业务逻辑层WCF
- wcf是什么，最简单理解就是接口，契约，当然你可以更加深入研究。我学的也不深。
namespace Insigma.Eyes.PSS.BLLWCFService
{
// 注意: 使用“重构”菜单上的“重命名”命令，可以同时更改代码和配置文件中的接口名“ICommodityManagerService”。
[ServiceContract]
public interface ICommodityManagerService
{
[OperationContract]
[FaultContract(typeof(Exception))]
CommodityModel[] GetCommodities(string name,string type,string manufacturer,string priceLow,string priceHigh);
[OperationContract]
CommodityModel[] GetCommoditiesByCondition(string condition);
[OperationContract]
CommodityModel GetOneCommodity(int id);
[OperationContract]
[FaultContract(typeof(Exception))]
CommodityModel AddCommodity(CommodityModel oneCommodity);
[OperationContract]
[FaultContract(typeof(Exception))]
bool UpdateCommodity(Model.CommodityModel commodity);
}
}- 实现上面定义的接口契约：
public class PurchaseManagerService : IPurchaseManagerService
{
//
private AbstractFactory.DalFactory dataFactory = null;
public PurchaseManagerService()
{
dataFactory = DefaultProviderDal.DefaultDataProviderFactory;
}
public Model.PurchaseOrdersModel[] GetPurchaseOrders(string orderNumber, string orderDateStart, string orderDateEnd, string status)
{
string sqlWhere = "";
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(orderNumber))
{
sqlWhere += string.Format(" and orderNumber like '%{0}%'", orderNumber);
}
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(orderDateStart))
{
try
{
DateTime dt = DateTime.Parse(orderDateStart);
sqlWhere += string.Format(" and orderDate>=to_date('{0}','yyyy-MM-dd')", dt.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"));
}
catch
{
Exception oe = new Exception();
throw new FaultException(oe, "查询条件开始时间有误!");
}
}
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(orderDateEnd))
{
try
{
DateTime dt = DateTime.Parse(orderDateEnd);
sqlWhere += string.Format(" and orderDate<=to_date('{0}','yyyy-MM-dd')", dt.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"));
}
catch
{
Exception oe = new Exception();
throw new FaultException(oe, "查询条件截至时间有误!");
}
}
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(status))
{
sqlWhere += string.Format(" and Status='{0}'", status);
}
//IDAL.IPurchaseOrdersService purchaseOrdersService = new OracleDAL.PurchaseOrderService();
//return purchaseOrdersService.GetEntities(sqlWhere).ToArray();
return dataFactory.PurchaseOrderDal.GetEntities(sqlWhere).ToArray();
}
public Model.PurchaseCommodityModel[] GetPurchaseCommoditiesByID(int purchaseID)
{
string sqlWhere = string.Format(" and PurchaseOrderID={0}",purchaseID);//看看数据库里面的字段
//IDAL.IPurchaseCommodityService purchaseCommodityService =new OracleDAL.PurchaseCommodityService();
//return purchaseCommodityService.GetEntities(sqlWhere).ToArray();
return dataFactory.PurchaseCommdityDal.GetEntities(sqlWhere).ToArray();
}
public Model.PurchaseCommodityModel AddPurchaseCommodityModel(Model.PurchaseCommodityModel onePurchaseCommodity)
{
//return new OracleDAL.PurchaseCommodityService().AddEntity(onePurchaseCommodity);
return dataFactory.PurchaseCommdityDal.AddEntity(onePurchaseCommodity);
}
//几个ID要分清楚
public bool PostPurchaseOrder(int id)
{
Model.PurchaseOrdersModel oneOrder=GetOnePurchaseOrder(id);
if (oneOrder.Status.Equals("已入库"))
{
Exception oe = new Exception();
throw new FaultException(oe,"订单已经提交，请务重复提交");
}
List purchaseCommoditiesList = GetPurchaseCommoditiesByID(id).ToList();
IDAL.ICommodityService commodityService = new OracleDAL.CommodityService();
foreach (Model.PurchaseCommodityModel onePurchaseCommodity in purchaseCommoditiesList)
{
Model.CommodityModel commodityModel = new Model.CommodityModel();
commodityModel.ID = onePurchaseCommodity.CommodityID;
commodityModel.Manufacturer = onePurchaseCommodity.CommodityManufacturer;
commodityModel.Name = onePurchaseCommodity.CommodityName;
commodityModel.Type = onePurchaseCommodity.CommodityType;
commodityModel.Unit = onePurchaseCommodity.CommodityUnit;
commodityModel.UnitPrice = onePurchaseCommodity.CommodityUnitPrice;
commodityModel.Inventory = onePurchaseCommodity.CommodityInventory + onePurchaseCommodity.Count;
//这儿不会出现异常了吧，否则要回滚
commodityService.UpdateEntity(commodityModel);
}
oneOrder.Status = "已入库";
return new OracleDAL.PurchaseOrderService().UpdateEntity(oneOrder);
}
public Model.PurchaseOrdersModel GetOnePurchaseOrder(int id)
{
//return new OracleDAL.PurchaseOrderService().GetOneEntityByID(id);
return dataFactory.PurchaseOrderDal.GetOneEntityByID(id);
}
public Model.PurchaseCommodityModel GetOnePurchaseCommoditiesByID(int purchaseCommodityID)
{
//return new OracleDAL.PurchaseCommodityService().GetOneEntityByID(purchaseCommodityID);
return dataFactory.PurchaseCommdityDal.GetOneEntityByID(purchaseCommodityID);
}
public bool UpdatePurchaseCommodity(Model.PurchaseCommodityModel model)
{
//return new OracleDAL.PurchaseCommodityService().UpdateEntity(model);
return dataFactory.PurchaseCommdityDal.UpdateEntity(model);
}
public bool DeletePurchaseCommodity(int id)
{
string sqlWhere = " and id=" + id;
//return new OracleDAL.PurchaseCommodityService().DeleteEntity(sqlWhere);
return dataFactory.PurchaseCommdityDal.DeleteEntity(sqlWhere);
}
public Model.PurchaseOrdersModel AddPurchaseOrder(Model.PurchaseOrdersModel purchaseOrder)
{
//return new OracleDAL.PurchaseOrderService().AddEntity(purchaseOrder);
return dataFactory.PurchaseOrderDal.AddEntity(purchaseOrder);
}
public bool UpdatePurchaseOrder(Model.PurchaseOrdersModel onePurchaseOrder)
{
//return new OracleDAL.PurchaseOrderService().UpdateEntity(onePurchaseOrder);
return dataFactory.PurchaseOrderDal.UpdateEntity(onePurchaseOrder);
}
public bool DeletePurchaseCommoditiesByPurchaseOrderID(int purchaseOrderID)
{
string sqlWhere = " and PurchaseOrderID=" + purchaseOrderID;
//调用另一个模块，调用BLL比较好
//return new OracleDAL.PurchaseCommodityService().DeleteEntity(sqlWhere);
return dataFactory.PurchaseCommdityDal.DeleteEntity(sqlWhere);
}
public bool DeleteOrderID(int id)
{
string sqlWhere = string.Format(" and id={0}", id);
//return new OracleDAL.PurchaseOrderService().DeleteEntity(sqlWhere);
return dataFactory.PurchaseOrderDal.DeleteEntity(sqlWhere);
}
}
}
-
dataFactory = DefaultProviderDal.DefaultDataProviderFactory;其实是个单利，我只要反射出一次工厂足以。public class DefaultProviderDal { private static AbstractFactory.DalFactory instance = null; static DefaultProviderDal() { //string filePath = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/DataProvider"); string filePath = System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation.ApplicationBase; string dllFileName = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["DataProviderDllFile"]; string dalFactoryClassName = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["DataProviderFactoryName"]; System.Reflection.Assembly dll = System.Reflection.Assembly.LoadFile(filePath + "DataProvider\\" + dllFileName); instance = dll.CreateInstance(dalFactoryClassName) as AbstractFactory.DalFactory; } public DefaultProviderDal() { } public static AbstractFactory.DalFactory DefaultDataProviderFactory { get { return instance; } } }总体思路和流程---UI
- 对WCF而言，实例化对象越多(如CommodityManagerServiceClient类的实例)，对服务器压力越大，所以也可以考虑单利。
public class WCFServiceBLL
{
//对WCF而言，对象实例化越多，对服务器压力越大。
static BLLCommodity.CommodityManagerServiceClient commodityClient;
static BLLSalesOrders.SalesManagerServiceClient salesClient;
static BLLUsers.UserManagerServiceClient userClient;
static BLLPurchaseOrders.PurchaseManagerServiceClient purchaseClient;
public static CommodityManagerServiceClient GetCommodityService()
{
if (commodityClient==null)
{
commodityClient = new CommodityManagerServiceClient();
}
if (commodityClient.State==CommunicationState.Closed)
{
commodityClient = new CommodityManagerServiceClient();
}
if (commodityClient.State==CommunicationState.Faulted)
{
commodityClient = new CommodityManagerServiceClient();
}
return commodityClient;补充
由于数据库之间的主外键关系以及多表查询，为了方便，我创建了视图，这和SqlServer里面是一样的(Oracle里面是Create Or Replace)，当然你也可以建立外键对象，我上个项目就是这么干的，当然ORM我们就不讨论了。
create or replace view v_purchasecommodity as select pc.id,pc.purchaseorderid,pc.commodityid,c.name CommodityName, c.type commodityType,c.manufacturer CommodityManufacturer,c.inventory CommodityInventory, c.unitprice CommodityUnitPrice,c.unit CommodityUnit,pc.count,pc.purchaseprice,pc.totalprice from purchasecommodity pc inner join commodity c on pc.commodityid = c.id;
再补充一点：Oracle的自动增长列并不是像SqlServer那样设置一下，就会自动增长，Oracle里面需要你自己创建Sequences,图形操作也行，命令也行，我导出的Oracle脚本里面已经包含了相应的Sequences,应该可以看懂的。其余差别不大，相信你能看懂。
create sequence INVOICING.S_USERS minvalue 1 maxvalue 999999999999999999999999999 start with 1 increment by 1 cache 20;
关于界面美化的一些心得：
Winform程序功能很重要，但能提高用户体验那是最完美的，所以我用了一些图标，设置相应的大小，当然用户控件也是很重要的一部分，用户控件嵌套在窗体里面是很简单的：
public class LoadControls { public static void LoadInventory(Control parent) { parent.Controls.Clear(); Inventory inventory = new Inventory(); inventory.Dock = DockStyle.Fill; parent.Controls.Add(inventory); } public static void LoadPurchase(Control parent) { parent.Controls.Clear(); Purchase purchase = new Purchase(); purchase.Dock = DockStyle.Fill; parent.Controls.Add(purchase); } public static void LoadSales(Control parent) { parent.Controls.Clear(); Sales sales = new Sales(); sales.Dock = DockStyle.Fill; parent.Controls.Add(sales); }
总结
没有什么犹豫就写完了这篇博文，我把源代码贡献出来，当然这个例子只为学习，有需要的兄弟们可以拿去参考参考，大家多交流交流，才会相互促进进步，如果您觉得满意的话，不放支持我一下，帮忙顶个，有动力才有精力写出更好的博客，3x:)
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