linux 下手工新建数据库

手工新建数据库create database
身为DBA,要永远记住甚用或者禁止使用rm命令，万不得以的情况下，使用时在敲enter也要看了又看、慎重又慎重才行！
Red Hat Enterprise 3 + Oracle 10g Release 2
$su – oracle
1---设置系统环境变量：
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/10.2
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
ORACLE_SID=dbtest
......
2---系统规划：
实例名称ORACLE_SID=dbtest
数据库名称DB_NAME=dbtest
3---手工创建如下目录：
/opt/oracle/admin/dbtest/cdump
/opt/oracle/admin/dbtest/bdump
/opt/oracle/admin/dbtest/udump
/opt/oracle/admin/dbtest/pfile
/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/
/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/archive
4---建立密码文件：
orapwd file=/opt/oracle/product/10.2/dbs/orapwd_dbtest password=superman
5---修改参数文件：
格式：/opt/oracle/product/10.2/dbs/init.ora
实例：/opt/oracle/product/10.2/dbs/initdbtest.ora
内容如下：
---------------------------------------------------
dbtest.__db_cache_size=331350016
dbtest.__java_pool_size=4194304
dbtest.__large_pool_size=8388608
dbtest.__shared_pool_size=138412032
dbtest.__streams_pool_size=0
*._kgl_large_heap_warning_threshold=8388608
*.audit_file_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/dbtest/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/dbtest/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/control01.ctl','/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/control02.ctl','/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/dbtest/cdump'
*.db_2k_cache_size=33554432
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=128
*.db_files=4000
*.db_name='dbtest'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4294967296
*.db_recovery_file_dest=''
*.log_archive_dest='/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/archive'
*.log_checkpoints_to_alert=FALSE
*.open_cursors=300
*.parallel_execution_message_size=65535
*.parallel_max_servers=128
*.pga_aggregate_target=209715200
*.processes=150
*.recyclebin='OFF'
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.replication_dependency_tracking=FALSE
*.session_cached_cursors=100
*.sga_target=500m
*.shared_pool_size=100m
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_retention=0
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTS'
*.user_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/dbtest/udump'
*.workarea_size_policy='AUTO'
_allow_resetlogs_corruption=true
---------------------------------------------------
可将此文件复制到：/opt/oracle/admin/dbtest/pfile/init.ora
6---登陆oracle：
> sqlplus “/ as sysdba”
7---启动实例：
SQL> startup nomount pfile=/opt/oracle/admin/dbtest/pfile/init.ora
8---创建数据库的脚本：
-----------------------------------------------------------
CREATE DATABASE dbtest
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/redo01.log','/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/redo01_1.log') size 100m reuse,
GROUP 2 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/redo02.log','/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/redo02_1.log') size 100m reuse,
GROUP 3 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/redo03.log','/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/redo03_1.log') size 100m reuse
MAXLOGFILES 50
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXLOGHISTORY 200
MAXDATAFILES 500
MAXINSTANCES 5
ARCHIVELOG
CHARACTER SET UTF8
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET UTF8
DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/system01.dbf' SIZE 1000M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 1000M
UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTS DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/undo.dbf' SIZE 500M
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/temp.dbf' SIZE 500M

9---运行如下文件(安装下面的先后顺序)：
/opt/oracle/product/10.2/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
/opt/oracle/product/10.2/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
10---创建相关表空间与用户：
CREATE TABLESPACE USERS DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/users01.dbf' SIZE 1000M;---数据表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE INDX DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/indx01.dbf' SIZE 1000M;---在建立索引的时候把此表空间作为存储空间，即单独用一个表空间来存储索引，这是个好习惯，虽然我们没有办法建立一个默认的索引表空间！
CREATE USER test IDENTIFIED BY test DEFAULT TABLESPACE users ;---测试用户
GRANT CONNECT,RESOURCE TO test;
11---一点注意的地方：
1>.相关文件的目录要设置正确，有数据文件，控制文件，参数文件等，还有就是它们的位置要与控制文件中指定的要一致。
2>.init.ora中的undo_tablespace的名字必须要与create database的相同，包括大小写等注意。否则很麻烦，报的错误你都不知道是不是在忽悠你！总之，一句话，控制文件中的内容要和init文件中的内容以及要和实际文件的实际情况要相同。
3>.分析数据库出错可以到/opt/oracle/admin/dbtest/bdump/alert_dbtest.log中查找。
再次提醒：身为DBA,甚用rm命令