云计算虚拟机技术-KVM安装

               云计算虚拟机技术-KVM安装

                                         作者:尹正杰

版权声明:原创作品,谢绝转载!否则将追究法律责任。

 

  身为运维的小伙伴估计大家都清楚KVM,因为在CentOS里面KVM还算很折腾的一个软件,早期CentOS使用的xen虚拟化,后因收购KVM,于是就把KVM替换掉了xen,因此KVM主键走入运维的眼帘。

  我之前分析过连篇关于KVM的笔记,分别是:虚拟化技术之KVM和KVM使用入门。里面的操作环境都是基于CentOS6.x系列的。最近在CentOS7.x的操作系统上也捣鼓过一番,由此把倒腾的笔记记录一下,方便我日后查看。

 

 

一.开启虚拟机支持硬件虚拟化

1>.开启宿主机主板上的虚拟化支持

首先开启虚拟化,需要CPU支持虚拟化才行;
1>.开机时按Del键或者F2键进入BIOS系统;
注:一般开机时系统下会有提示,根据提示按相应的键进入BIOS系统。

2>.选择Configuratio选项卡,光标移到Intel Virtual Technology,按回车键,选择Enabled,按回车键;
注:主板不一样,BIOS中的菜单选项不一样,主要是找到Virtual或Virtualization将其设置为Enabled。

 云计算虚拟机技术-KVM安装_第1张图片

2>.启动虚拟机实例前配置 

  我们知道KVM在使用的时候必须是硬件支持虚拟化的,因此在使用之前,我们要确保我们使用的虚拟机实例是否支持硬件虚拟化技术。不推荐使用开源的virtualbox,因为它不支持在虚拟机再次使用虚拟化技术。而我推荐使用vmware workstation软件。因为他支持在虚拟机里面继续支持虚拟化操作。只需要我们在启动虚拟机实例时开启该功能即可,如下图所示。

云计算虚拟机技术-KVM安装_第2张图片

3>.检查虚拟机实例是否支持硬件虚拟机技术

  我们只需要在命令行中输入:“ grep --color -Ei "vmx|svm" /proc/cpuinfo ”如果有输出则说明支持硬件虚拟机技术,如果没有输出说明你当前环境是不支持硬件虚拟化的哟。(注意,其中vmx表示INTER系列CPU支持的类型,svm表示ADM系列CPU支持的类型。)

[root@node105 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) 
[root@node105 ~]# 
[root@node105 ~]# grep --color -Ei "vmx|svm" /proc/cpuinfo 
flags        : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq vmx ssse3 cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm ida arat epb pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust smep
flags        : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq vmx ssse3 cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm ida arat epb pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust smep
[root@node105 ~]# 
[root@node105 ~]# 
[root@node105 ~]# grep --color -Ei "vmx|svm" /proc/cpuinfo

 云计算虚拟机技术-KVM安装_第3张图片

4>.手动加载kvm内核

  事实上只要你安装了CentOs6.x系列往后的任何操作系统版本,想使用KVM虚拟机不需要安装任何组件(因为KVM是一个内置模块),只要编译时这个模块被编译了,那么一定是支持相关虚拟化的,否则只能重新编译内核。

[root@node105 ~]# grep -i "kvm" /boot/config-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 
CONFIG_KVM_GUEST=y
# CONFIG_KVM_DEBUG_FS is not set
CONFIG_HAVE_KVM=y
CONFIG_HAVE_KVM_IRQCHIP=y
CONFIG_HAVE_KVM_IRQFD=y
CONFIG_HAVE_KVM_IRQ_ROUTING=y
CONFIG_HAVE_KVM_EVENTFD=y
CONFIG_KVM_APIC_ARCHITECTURE=y
CONFIG_KVM_MMIO=y
CONFIG_KVM_ASYNC_PF=y
CONFIG_HAVE_KVM_MSI=y
CONFIG_HAVE_KVM_CPU_RELAX_INTERCEPT=y
CONFIG_KVM_VFIO=y
CONFIG_KVM_GENERIC_DIRTYLOG_READ_PROTECT=y
CONFIG_KVM=m
CONFIG_KVM_INTEL=m
CONFIG_KVM_AMD=m
CONFIG_KVM_MMU_AUDIT=y
# CONFIG_KVM_DEVICE_ASSIGNMENT is not set
[root@node105 ~]# 
[root@node105 ~]# 
[root@node105 ~]# modprobe kvm
[root@node105 ~]# 
[root@node105 ~]# lsmod | grep kvm
kvm_intel             162153  0 
kvm                   525259  1 kvm_intel
[root@node105 ~]# 
[root@node105 ~]# 
[root@node105 ~]# grep -i "kvm" /boot/config-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64

云计算虚拟机技术-KVM安装_第4张图片

 

二.KVM安装

1>.安装KVM相关管理工具

   qemu-kvm是KVM在用户空间的管理工具。libvirt是用来管理KVM虚拟机的。

[root@node105 ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm libvirt
.....
  libvirt-daemon.x86_64 0:4.5.0-10.el7_6.4                                                     libvirt-daemon-config-network.x86_64 0:4.5.0-10.el7_6.4                                       
  libvirt-daemon-config-nwfilter.x86_64 0:4.5.0-10.el7_6.4                                     libvirt-daemon-driver-interface.x86_64 0:4.5.0-10.el7_6.4                                     
  libvirt-daemon-driver-lxc.x86_64 0:4.5.0-10.el7_6.4                                          libvirt-daemon-driver-network.x86_64 0:4.5.0-10.el7_6.4                                       
  libvirt-daemon-driver-nodedev.x86_64 0:4.5.0-10.el7_6.4                                      libvirt-daemon-driver-nwfilter.x86_64 0:4.5.0-10.el7_6.4                                      
  libvirt-daemon-driver-qemu.x86_64 0:4.5.0-10.el7_6.4                                         libvirt-daemon-driver-secret.x86_64 0:4.5.0-10.el7_6.4                                        
  libvirt-daemon-driver-storage.x86_64 0:4.5.0-10.el7_6.4                                      libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-core.x86_64 0:4.5.0-10.el7_6.4                                  
  libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-disk.x86_64 0:4.5.0-10.el7_6.4                                 libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-gluster.x86_64 0:4.5.0-10.el7_6.4                               
  libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-iscsi.x86_64 0:4.5.0-10.el7_6.4                                libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-logical.x86_64 0:4.5.0-10.el7_6.4                               
  libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-mpath.x86_64 0:4.5.0-10.el7_6.4                                libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-rbd.x86_64 0:4.5.0-10.el7_6.4                                   
  libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-scsi.x86_64 0:4.5.0-10.el7_6.4                                 libvirt-libs.x86_64 0:4.5.0-10.el7_6.4                                                        
  libvorbis.x86_64 1:1.3.3-8.el7.1                                                             libxcb.x86_64 0:1.13-1.el7                                                                    
  libxslt.x86_64 0:1.1.28-5.el7                                                                lvm2.x86_64 7:2.02.180-10.el7_6.3                                                             
  lvm2-libs.x86_64 7:2.02.180-10.el7_6.3                                                       lz4.x86_64 0:1.7.5-2.el7                                                                      
  lzop.x86_64 0:1.03-10.el7                                                                    netcf-libs.x86_64 0:0.2.8-4.el7                                                               
  nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.61.el7                                                            nmap-ncat.x86_64 2:6.40-16.el7                                                                
  numad.x86_64 0:0.5-18.20150602git.el7                                                        opus.x86_64 0:1.0.2-6.el7                                                                     
  pciutils.x86_64 0:3.5.1-3.el7                                                                perl.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6                                                                
  perl-Carp.noarch 0:1.26-244.el7                                                              perl-Encode.x86_64 0:2.51-7.el7                                                               
  perl-Exporter.noarch 0:5.68-3.el7                                                            perl-File-Path.noarch 0:2.09-2.el7                                                            
  perl-File-Temp.noarch 0:0.23.01-3.el7                                                        perl-Filter.x86_64 0:1.49-3.el7                                                               
  perl-Getopt-Long.noarch 0:2.40-3.el7                                                         perl-HTTP-Tiny.noarch 0:0.033-3.el7                                                           
  perl-PathTools.x86_64 0:3.40-5.el7                                                           perl-Pod-Escapes.noarch 1:1.04-294.el7_6                                                      
  perl-Pod-Perldoc.noarch 0:3.20-4.el7                                                         perl-Pod-Simple.noarch 1:3.28-4.el7                                                           
  perl-Pod-Usage.noarch 0:1.63-3.el7                                                           perl-Scalar-List-Utils.x86_64 0:1.27-248.el7                                                  
  perl-Socket.x86_64 0:2.010-4.el7                                                             perl-Storable.x86_64 0:2.45-3.el7                                                             
  perl-Text-ParseWords.noarch 0:3.29-4.el7                                                     perl-Time-HiRes.x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7                                                         
  perl-Time-Local.noarch 0:1.2300-2.el7                                                        perl-constant.noarch 0:1.27-2.el7                                                             
  perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6                                                          perl-macros.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6                                                         
  perl-parent.noarch 1:0.225-244.el7                                                           perl-podlators.noarch 0:2.5.1-3.el7                                                           
  perl-threads.x86_64 0:1.87-4.el7                                                             perl-threads-shared.x86_64 0:1.43-6.el7                                                       
  pixman.x86_64 0:0.34.0-1.el7                                                                 pulseaudio-libs.x86_64 0:10.0-5.el7                                                           
  qemu-img.x86_64 10:1.5.3-160.el7_6.1                                                         qemu-kvm-common.x86_64 10:1.5.3-160.el7_6.1                                                   
  quota.x86_64 1:4.01-17.el7                                                                   quota-nls.noarch 1:4.01-17.el7                                                                
  radvd.x86_64 0:2.17-3.el7                                                                    rdma-core.x86_64 0:17.2-3.el7                                                                 
  rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-47.el7                                                                seabios-bin.noarch 0:1.11.0-2.el7                                                             
  seavgabios-bin.noarch 0:1.11.0-2.el7                                                         sgabios-bin.noarch 1:0.20110622svn-4.el7                                                      
  spice-server.x86_64 0:0.14.0-6.el7_6.1                                                       tcp_wrappers.x86_64 0:7.6-77.el7                                                              
  unbound-libs.x86_64 0:1.6.6-1.el7                                                            usbredir.x86_64 0:0.7.1-3.el7                                                                 
  yajl.x86_64 0:2.0.4-4.el7                                                                   

Updated:
  selinux-policy.noarch 0:3.13.1-229.el7_6.9                                                         systemd.x86_64 0:219-62.el7_6.3                                                        

Dependency Updated:
  cryptsetup-libs.x86_64 0:2.0.3-3.el7                  cyrus-sasl-lib.x86_64 0:2.1.26-23.el7             dbus.x86_64 1:1.10.24-12.el7           dbus-libs.x86_64 1:1.10.24-12.el7        
  device-mapper.x86_64 7:1.02.149-10.el7_6.3            device-mapper-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.149-10.el7_6.3   gnutls.x86_64 0:3.3.29-8.el7           krb5-libs.x86_64 0:1.15.1-37.el7_6       
  libgudev1.x86_64 0:219-62.el7_6.3                     libnl3.x86_64 0:3.2.28-4.el7                      libselinux.x86_64 0:2.5-14.1.el7       libselinux-python.x86_64 0:2.5-14.1.el7  
  libselinux-utils.x86_64 0:2.5-14.1.el7                libsemanage.x86_64 0:2.5-14.el7                   libsepol.x86_64 0:2.5-10.el7           libtasn1.x86_64 0:4.10-1.el7             
  p11-kit.x86_64 0:0.23.5-3.el7                         p11-kit-trust.x86_64 0:0.23.5-3.el7               pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.5.1-3.el7     policycoreutils.x86_64 0:2.5-29.el7_6.1  
  selinux-policy-targeted.noarch 0:3.13.1-229.el7_6.9   systemd-libs.x86_64 0:219-62.el7_6.3              systemd-sysv.x86_64 0:219-62.el7_6.3  

Complete!
[root@node105 ~]# 
[root@node105 ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm libvirt

  virt-install是KVM用来安装虚拟机用的。

[root@node105 ~]# yum -y install virt-install
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
 * extras: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package virt-install.noarch 0:1.5.0-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: virt-manager-common = 1.5.0-1.el7 for package: virt-install-1.5.0-1.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package virt-manager-common.noarch 0:1.5.0-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libvirt-python >= 0.7.0 for package: virt-manager-common-1.5.0-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: libosinfo >= 0.2.11 for package: virt-manager-common-1.5.0-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: python-requests for package: virt-manager-common-1.5.0-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: python-ipaddr for package: virt-manager-common-1.5.0-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: libxml2-python for package: virt-manager-common-1.5.0-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: genisoimage for package: virt-manager-common-1.5.0-1.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package genisoimage.x86_64 0:1.1.11-25.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libusal = 1.1.11-25.el7 for package: genisoimage-1.1.11-25.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libusal.so.0()(64bit) for package: genisoimage-1.1.11-25.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: librols.so.0()(64bit) for package: genisoimage-1.1.11-25.el7.x86_64
---> Package libosinfo.x86_64 0:1.1.0-2.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: osinfo-db-tools for package: libosinfo-1.1.0-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: osinfo-db for package: libosinfo-1.1.0-2.el7.x86_64
---> Package libvirt-python.x86_64 0:4.5.0-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libxml2-python.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libxml2 = 2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 for package: libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64
---> Package python-ipaddr.noarch 0:2.1.11-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package python-requests.noarch 0:2.6.0-1.el7_1 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python-urllib3 >= 1.10.2-1 for package: python-requests-2.6.0-1.el7_1.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: python-chardet >= 2.2.1-1 for package: python-requests-2.6.0-1.el7_1.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libusal.x86_64 0:1.1.11-25.el7 will be installed
---> Package libxml2.x86_64 0:2.9.1-5.el7_1.2 will be updated
---> Package libxml2.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 will be an update
---> Package osinfo-db.noarch 0:20181214-1.el7_6 will be installed
---> Package osinfo-db-tools.x86_64 0:1.1.0-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libarchive.so.13()(64bit) for package: osinfo-db-tools-1.1.0-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package python-chardet.noarch 0:2.2.1-1.el7_1 will be installed
---> Package python-urllib3.noarch 0:1.10.2-5.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python-six for package: python-urllib3-1.10.2-5.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: python-ipaddress for package: python-urllib3-1.10.2-5.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: python-backports-ssl_match_hostname for package: python-urllib3-1.10.2-5.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libarchive.x86_64 0:3.1.2-10.el7_2 will be installed
---> Package python-backports-ssl_match_hostname.noarch 0:3.5.0.1-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python-backports for package: python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.5.0.1-1.el7.noarch
---> Package python-ipaddress.noarch 0:1.0.16-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package python-six.noarch 0:1.9.0-2.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package python-backports.x86_64 0:1.0-8.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                                         Arch                               Version                                        Repository                           Size
=============================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 virt-install                                                    noarch                             1.5.0-1.el7                                    base                                 94 k
Installing for dependencies:
 genisoimage                                                     x86_64                             1.1.11-25.el7                                  base                                299 k
 libarchive                                                      x86_64                             3.1.2-10.el7_2                                 base                                318 k
 libosinfo                                                       x86_64                             1.1.0-2.el7                                    base                                228 k
 libusal                                                         x86_64                             1.1.11-25.el7                                  base                                136 k
 libvirt-python                                                  x86_64                             4.5.0-1.el7                                    base                                343 k
 libxml2-python                                                  x86_64                             2.9.1-6.el7_2.3                                base                                247 k
 osinfo-db                                                       noarch                             20181214-1.el7_6                               updates                             177 k
 osinfo-db-tools                                                 x86_64                             1.1.0-1.el7                                    base                                 79 k
 python-backports                                                x86_64                             1.0-8.el7                                      base                                5.8 k
 python-backports-ssl_match_hostname                             noarch                             3.5.0.1-1.el7                                  base                                 13 k
 python-chardet                                                  noarch                             2.2.1-1.el7_1                                  base                                227 k
 python-ipaddr                                                   noarch                             2.1.11-1.el7                                   base                                 35 k
 python-ipaddress                                                noarch                             1.0.16-2.el7                                   base                                 34 k
 python-requests                                                 noarch                             2.6.0-1.el7_1                                  base                                 94 k
 python-six                                                      noarch                             1.9.0-2.el7                                    base                                 29 k
 python-urllib3                                                  noarch                             1.10.2-5.el7                                   base                                102 k
 virt-manager-common                                             noarch                             1.5.0-1.el7                                    base                                1.2 M
Updating for dependencies:
 libxml2                                                         x86_64                             2.9.1-6.el7_2.3                                base                                668 k

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package  (+17 Dependent packages)
Upgrade             (  1 Dependent package)

Total download size: 4.2 M
Downloading packages:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
(1/19): genisoimage-1.1.11-25.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                          | 299 kB  00:00:00     
(2/19): libosinfo-1.1.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                              | 228 kB  00:00:00     
(3/19): libarchive-3.1.2-10.el7_2.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                          | 318 kB  00:00:00     
(4/19): libvirt-python-4.5.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                         | 343 kB  00:00:00     
(5/19): libxml2-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                            | 668 kB  00:00:00     
(6/19): libusal-1.1.11-25.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                              | 136 kB  00:00:00     
(7/19): osinfo-db-tools-1.1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                        |  79 kB  00:00:00     
(8/19): libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                     | 247 kB  00:00:00     
(9/19): python-backports-1.0-8.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                         | 5.8 kB  00:00:00     
(10/19): python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.5.0.1-1.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                 |  13 kB  00:00:00     
(11/19): python-ipaddr-2.1.11-1.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                        |  35 kB  00:00:00     
(12/19): python-ipaddress-1.0.16-2.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                     |  34 kB  00:00:00     
(13/19): python-chardet-2.2.1-1.el7_1.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                      | 227 kB  00:00:00     
(14/19): python-requests-2.6.0-1.el7_1.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                     |  94 kB  00:00:00     
(15/19): python-six-1.9.0-2.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                            |  29 kB  00:00:00     
(16/19): osinfo-db-20181214-1.el7_6.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                        | 177 kB  00:00:00     
(17/19): python-urllib3-1.10.2-5.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                       | 102 kB  00:00:00     
(18/19): virt-install-1.5.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                          |  94 kB  00:00:00     
(19/19): virt-manager-common-1.5.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                   | 1.2 MB  00:00:00     
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                                                        5.3 MB/s | 4.2 MB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Updating   : libxml2-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64                                                                                                                                           1/20 
  Installing : python-ipaddress-1.0.16-2.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                     2/20 
  Installing : libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64                                                                                                                                    3/20 
  Installing : libarchive-3.1.2-10.el7_2.x86_64                                                                                                                                         4/20 
  Installing : osinfo-db-tools-1.1.0-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                       5/20 
  Installing : osinfo-db-20181214-1.el7_6.noarch                                                                                                                                        6/20 
  Installing : libosinfo-1.1.0-2.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                             7/20 
  Installing : libvirt-python-4.5.0-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                        8/20 
  Installing : python-six-1.9.0-2.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                            9/20 
  Installing : python-backports-1.0-8.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                       10/20 
  Installing : python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.5.0.1-1.el7.noarch                                                                                                                11/20 
  Installing : python-urllib3-1.10.2-5.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                      12/20 
  Installing : python-chardet-2.2.1-1.el7_1.noarch                                                                                                                                     13/20 
  Installing : python-requests-2.6.0-1.el7_1.noarch                                                                                                                                    14/20 
  Installing : libusal-1.1.11-25.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                            15/20 
  Installing : genisoimage-1.1.11-25.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                        16/20 
  Installing : python-ipaddr-2.1.11-1.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                       17/20 
  Installing : virt-manager-common-1.5.0-1.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                  18/20 
  Installing : virt-install-1.5.0-1.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                         19/20 
  Cleanup    : libxml2-2.9.1-5.el7_1.2.x86_64                                                                                                                                          20/20 
  Verifying  : osinfo-db-tools-1.1.0-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                       1/20 
  Verifying  : libosinfo-1.1.0-2.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                             2/20 
  Verifying  : python-ipaddr-2.1.11-1.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                        3/20 
  Verifying  : python-urllib3-1.10.2-5.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                       4/20 
  Verifying  : libxml2-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64                                                                                                                                           5/20 
  Verifying  : libusal-1.1.11-25.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                             6/20 
  Verifying  : python-chardet-2.2.1-1.el7_1.noarch                                                                                                                                      7/20 
  Verifying  : python-requests-2.6.0-1.el7_1.noarch                                                                                                                                     8/20 
  Verifying  : libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64                                                                                                                                    9/20 
  Verifying  : libarchive-3.1.2-10.el7_2.x86_64                                                                                                                                        10/20 
  Verifying  : python-backports-1.0-8.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                       11/20 
  Verifying  : python-six-1.9.0-2.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                           12/20 
  Verifying  : libvirt-python-4.5.0-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                       13/20 
  Verifying  : virt-install-1.5.0-1.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                         14/20 
  Verifying  : python-ipaddress-1.0.16-2.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                    15/20 
  Verifying  : virt-manager-common-1.5.0-1.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                  16/20 
  Verifying  : genisoimage-1.1.11-25.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                        17/20 
  Verifying  : osinfo-db-20181214-1.el7_6.noarch                                                                                                                                       18/20 
  Verifying  : python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.5.0.1-1.el7.noarch                                                                                                                19/20 
  Verifying  : libxml2-2.9.1-5.el7_1.2.x86_64                                                                                                                                          20/20 

Installed:
  virt-install.noarch 0:1.5.0-1.el7                                                                                                                                                          

Dependency Installed:
  genisoimage.x86_64 0:1.1.11-25.el7          libarchive.x86_64 0:3.1.2-10.el7_2                            libosinfo.x86_64 0:1.1.0-2.el7           libusal.x86_64 0:1.1.11-25.el7         
  libvirt-python.x86_64 0:4.5.0-1.el7         libxml2-python.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7_2.3                       osinfo-db.noarch 0:20181214-1.el7_6      osinfo-db-tools.x86_64 0:1.1.0-1.el7   
  python-backports.x86_64 0:1.0-8.el7         python-backports-ssl_match_hostname.noarch 0:3.5.0.1-1.el7    python-chardet.noarch 0:2.2.1-1.el7_1    python-ipaddr.noarch 0:2.1.11-1.el7    
  python-ipaddress.noarch 0:1.0.16-2.el7      python-requests.noarch 0:2.6.0-1.el7_1                        python-six.noarch 0:1.9.0-2.el7          python-urllib3.noarch 0:1.10.2-5.el7   
  virt-manager-common.noarch 0:1.5.0-1.el7   

Dependency Updated:
  libxml2.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7_2.3                                                                                                                                                           

Complete!
[root@node105 ~]# 
[root@node105 ~]# yum -y install virt-install

2>.启动libvirt服务

[root@node105 ~]# systemctl enable libvirtd
[root@node105 ~]# 
[root@node105 ~]# systemctl start libvirtd
[root@node105 ~]# 
[root@node105 ~]# systemctl status libvirtd
● libvirtd.service - Virtualization daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2019-02-17 22:47:01 CST; 7s ago
     Docs: man:libvirtd(8)
           https://libvirt.org
 Main PID: 13624 (libvirtd)
   CGroup: /system.slice/libvirtd.service
           ├─13624 /usr/sbin/libvirtd
           ├─13795 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.conf --leasefile-ro --dhcp-script=/usr/libexec/libvirt_leaseshelper
           └─13796 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.conf --leasefile-ro --dhcp-script=/usr/libexec/libvirt_leaseshelper

Feb 17 22:47:02 node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn libvirtd[13624]: 2019-02-17 14:47:02.207+0000: 13642: warning : virQEMUCapsLogProbeFailure:4536 : Failed to probe capabilities for /usr/libexec...
Feb 17 22:47:02 node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn libvirtd[13624]: 2019-02-17 14:47:02.257+0000: 13642: warning : virLXCDriverCapsInit:82 : Failed to get host CPU cache info
Feb 17 22:47:02 node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn dnsmasq[13795]: started, version 2.66 cachesize 150
Feb 17 22:47:02 node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn dnsmasq[13795]: compile time options: IPv6 GNU-getopt DBus no-i18n IDN DHCP DHCPv6 no-Lua TFTP no-conntrack ipset auth
Feb 17 22:47:02 node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn dnsmasq-dhcp[13795]: DHCP, IP range 192.168.122.2 -- 192.168.122.254, lease time 1h
Feb 17 22:47:02 node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn dnsmasq[13795]: reading /etc/resolv.conf
Feb 17 22:47:02 node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn dnsmasq[13795]: using nameserver 172.30.1.254#53
Feb 17 22:47:02 node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn dnsmasq[13795]: read /etc/hosts - 5 addresses
Feb 17 22:47:02 node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn dnsmasq[13795]: read /var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.addnhosts - 0 addresses
Feb 17 22:47:02 node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn dnsmasq-dhcp[13795]: read /var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.hostsfile
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@node105 ~]# 
[root@node105 ~]# 
[root@node105 ~]# systemctl start libvirtd
[root@node105 ~]# yum -y install net-tools
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
 * extras: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                    Arch                                    Version                                                      Repository                             Size
=============================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 net-tools                                  x86_64                                  2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7                                     base                                  306 k

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 306 k
Installed size: 918 k
Downloading packages:
net-tools-2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                         | 306 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : net-tools-2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                 1/1 
  Verifying  : net-tools-2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                 1/1 

Installed:
  net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7                                                                                                                                                

Complete!
[root@node105 ~]# 
[root@node105 ~]# yum -y install net-tools      #安装常用的网络管理工具
[root@node105 ~]# ifconfig 
eno16777736: flags=4163  mtu 1500
        inet 172.30.1.105  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.30.1.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe38:e29c  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20
        ether 00:0c:29:38:e2:9c  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 55421  bytes 77010056 (73.4 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 25561  bytes 2723550 (2.5 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 4  bytes 340 (340.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 4  bytes 340 (340.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099  mtu 1500                  #大家把眼力劲看向这里,这块网卡是由于咱们安装了libvirtd软件时创建了这块虚拟网卡!我们可以看到这块虚拟机的ip地址。
        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 00:00:00:00:00:00  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@node105 ~]# 
[root@node105 ~]# 

3>.将你需要安装虚拟机的iso通过scp或者rz等工具上传到服务器上

[root@node105 ~]# ll -h /root/iso/
total 603M
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 603M May 13  2018 CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1511.iso
[root@node105 ~]# 
[root@node105 ~]# 

 云计算虚拟机技术-KVM安装_第5张图片

4>.创建一个raw格式10G大小的虚拟机磁盘

[root@node105 ~]# ll -h /root/iso/
total 603M
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 603M May 13  2018 CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1511.iso
[root@node105 ~]# 
[root@node105 ~]# qemu-img create -f raw /home/yinzhengjie/CentOS-7-x86_64.raw 10G
Formatting '/home/yinzhengjie/CentOS-7-x86_64.raw', fmt=raw size=10737418240 
[root@node105 ~]# 

5>.创建虚拟机

[root@node105 ~]# virt-install --virt-type kvm \                #指定虚拟机的类型
> --name Yinzhengjie-CentOS-7-x86_64 \                      #指定虚拟机的名称
> --ram 1024 \                                     #指定内存大小为1GB,默认单位是MB
> --cdrom=/root/iso/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1511.iso \             #指定光盘的路径
> --disk path=/home/yinzhengjie/CentOS-7-x86_64.raw \             #指定你创建磁盘的路径
> --network network=default \                             #指定网络
> --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 \                         #指定连接方式为VNC,监听模式指定所有的网卡
> --noautoconsole 

6>.使用VNC连接工具链接到你的虚拟机上

 

7>.

 

8>.

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/p/10392821.html

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