目录
重入锁
简单重入锁
重入锁的等待通知(Condition)
多Condition
公平锁和非公平锁
读写锁ReentrantReadWriteLock
锁优化总结:
重入锁和读写锁,他们具有比synchronized更为强大的功能,并且有嗅探锁定、多路分支等功能。
在需要进行同步的代码部分加上锁定,但不要忘记最后一定要释放锁定,不然会造成锁永远无法释放,其他线程永远进不来的结果。
//一定要在finally中解锁
//感觉跟synchronized没啥区别,是对象锁。也许性能比较好一些
public class UseReentrantLock {
//private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();//定义一个锁冲突
public void method1(){
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();//定义两个锁不冲突
try {
lock.lock();
System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入method1..");
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "退出method1..");
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void method2(){
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();//定义两个锁不冲突
try {
lock.lock();
System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入method2..");
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "退出method2..");
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final UseReentrantLock ur = new UseReentrantLock();
final UseReentrantLock ur2 = new UseReentrantLock();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
ur.method1();
}
}, "t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
ur2.method2();
}
}, "t2");
t1.start();
t2.start();
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//System.out.println(ur.lock.getQueueLength());
}
}
就像synchronized,wait()、notify()、notifyAll()。
同样,在使用Lock的时候,可以使用一个新的等待/通知的类,它就是Condition。这个Condition一定是针对具体某一把锁的。也就是在只有锁的基础之上才会产生Condition。
public class UseCondition {
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
public void method1(){
try {
lock.lock();
System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入等待状态..");
Thread.sleep(3000);
System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "释放锁..");
condition.await(); // Object wait
System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +"继续执行...");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void method2(){
try {
lock.lock();
System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入..");
Thread.sleep(3000);
System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "发出唤醒..");
condition.signal(); //Object有notifyAll,同理这里也有signalAll()方法
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final UseCondition uc = new UseCondition();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
uc.method1();
}
}, "t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
uc.method2();
}
}, "t2");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
我们可以通过一个Lock对象产生多个Condition进行多线程间的交互,非常的灵活。可以使得部分需要唤醒的线程唤醒,其他线程则继续等待通知。
//两个Condition是独立的!!!
public class UseManyCondition {
private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition c1 = lock.newCondition();
private Condition c2 = lock.newCondition();
public void m1(){
try {
lock.lock();
System.out.println("当前线程:" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入方法m1等待..");
c1.await();
System.out.println("当前线程:" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "方法m1继续..");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void m2(){
try {
lock.lock();
System.out.println("当前线程:" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入方法m2等待..");
c1.await();
System.out.println("当前线程:" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "方法m2继续..");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void m3(){
try {
lock.lock();
System.out.println("当前线程:" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入方法m3等待..");
c2.await();
System.out.println("当前线程:" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "方法m3继续..");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void m4(){
try {
lock.lock();
System.out.println("当前线程:" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "唤醒..");
c1.signalAll();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void m5(){
try {
lock.lock();
System.out.println("当前线程:" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "唤醒..");
c2.signal();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final UseManyCondition umc = new UseManyCondition();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
umc.m1();
}
},"t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
umc.m2();
}
},"t2");
Thread t3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
umc.m3();
}
},"t3");
Thread t4 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
umc.m4();
}
},"t4");
Thread t5 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
umc.m5();
}
},"t5");
t1.start(); // c1
t2.start(); // c1
t3.start(); // c2
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
t4.start(); // c1
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
t5.start(); // c2
}
}
默认是非公平,非公平锁效率比较高。
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(boolean isFair);//可传参,默认是false非公平锁。
lock用法:
tryLock():尝试获得锁,获得结果用true/false返回。
tryLock():在给定的时间内尝试获得锁,获得结果用true/false返回。
isFair():是否是公平锁。
isLocked():是否锁定。
getHoldCount():查询当前线程保持此锁的个数,也就是调用lock()次数。
lockInterruptibly():优先响应中断的锁。
getQueueLength():返回正在等待获取此锁的线程数。
getWaitQueueLength():返回等待与锁定相关的给定条件Condition的线程数。
hasQueuedThread(Thread thread):查询指定的线程是否在等待此锁。
hasQueuedThreads():查询是否有线程正在等待此锁。
hasWaiters():查询是否有线程正在等待与此锁定有关的condition条件。
读写锁ReentrantReadWriteLock,其核心就是实现读写分离的锁。在高并发访问下,尤其是读多写少的情况下,性能要远高于重入锁。
之前的synchronized、ReentrantLock,我们知道,同一时间内只能有一个线程进行访问被锁定的代码,那么读写锁则不同,其本质是分成两个锁,即读锁、写锁。在读锁下,多个线程可以并发的进行访问,但是在写锁的时候,只能一个个的顺序访问。
口诀:读读共享,写写互斥,读写互斥。
public class UseReentrantReadWriteLock {
private ReentrantReadWriteLock rwLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
private ReadLock readLock = rwLock.readLock();
private WriteLock writeLock = rwLock.writeLock();
public void read(){
try {
readLock.lock();
System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入...");
Thread.sleep(3000);
System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "退出...");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
readLock.unlock();
}
}
public void write(){
try {
writeLock.lock();
System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入...");
Thread.sleep(3000);
System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "退出...");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
writeLock.unlock();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final UseReentrantReadWriteLock urrw = new UseReentrantReadWriteLock();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
urrw.read();
}
}, "t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
urrw.read();
}
}, "t2");
Thread t3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
urrw.write();
}
}, "t3");
Thread t4 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
urrw.write();
}
}, "t4");
// t1.start();// R
// t2.start();// R
// t1.start(); // R
// t3.start(); // W
t3.start();// W
t4.start();// W
}
}
1.避免死锁。
2.减小锁的持有时间。
3.减小锁的粒度。
4.锁的分离(读写锁)。
5.尽量使用无锁的操作,如原子操作(Atomic系列类),volatile关键字。