SAPUI5 (23) - 使用mock server模拟oData提供者

模拟服务器(mock server)的作用

所有的应用程序都涉及CRUD操作,openui5在真实的场景中是通过oData和后端SAP系统交互。但在开发过程中,为了测试的需要,可以使用模拟服务器,openui5将模拟服务器称作mock server。模拟服务器的基本功能是模拟oData数据提供者,截获应用程序的对服务器端的htpp或https请求,并传回模拟请求的回应。从openui5开发的这一侧来看,可以降低与真实后端的耦合。

mock server简单介绍

openui5有自己的mocke server模块,但我这里参照《SAPUI5 Comprehensive Guide》一书,使用另外一个框架:github上的fakerest,基于sinon(地址:点击)。支持CRUD操作,基本使用方法如下:

    1. FakeRest.min.js文件在webapp的service文件夹下。并添加对js文件的引用。
<script src="../service/FakeRest.min.js"></script>
    1. mockServerTest.html文件放在webapp下的test文件夹下。用于测试代码。
    1. 加载sinon模块
jQuery.sap.require("sap.ui.thirdparty.sinon");
    1. 加载数据并初始化 fake server 和 sinon server
var data = {
	'authors': [
		{ id: 0, first_name: 'Leo', last_name: 'Tolstoi' },
		{ id: 1, first_name: 'Jane', last_name: 'Austen' }
	],
	'books': [
		{ id: 0, author_id: 0, title: 'Anna Karenina' },
		{ id: 1, author_id: 0, title: 'War and Peace' },
		{ id: 2, author_id: 1, title: 'Pride and Prejudice' },
		{ id: 3, author_id: 1, title: 'Sense and Sensibility' }
	],
	'settings': {
		language: 'english',
		preferred_format: 'hardback',
	}
};
	
// initialize fake REST server
var restServer = new FakeRest.Server();
restServer.init(data);

// use sinon.js to monkey-patch XmlHttpRequest
var server = sinon.fakeServer.create();
server.respondWith(restServer.getHandler());
    1. 在mock server中实现增删改查操作
// 使用GET请求查询所有的author
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("GET", "/authors", false);
req.send(null);
console.log(req.responseText);

// 使用GET请求查询第四条book:/books/3
req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("GET", "/books/3", false);
req.send(null);
console.log(req.responseText);

// 使用POST请求插入数据
req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("POST", "/books", false);
var updateData = JSON.stringify({
	id: 4, author_id:1, title:'Emma'});
req.send(updateData);
console.log(req.responseText);

// 使用PUT请求更改数据
req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("PUT", "/books/2", false);
var modifyData = JSON.stringify({
	title:'傲慢与偏见'});
req.send(modifyData);
console.log("修改:");
console.log(req.responseText);

// 使用GET请求查询所有的books
req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("GET", "/books", false);
req.send(null);
console.log("修改后:");
console.log(req.responseText);

// Delete数据
req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("DELETE", "/books/4", false);
req.send(null);
console.log("删除:");
console.log(req.responseText);

// 使用GET请求查询所有的books
req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("GET", "/books", false);
req.send(null);
console.log("删除后:");
console.log(req.responseText);

创建含有mock server的代码框架

index.html

随着我们编写的功能增多,项目文件包含的文件也越来越复杂。为了方便后面的学习,我打算创建一个起始的代码框架。文件结构如下:

[外链图片转存失败(img-p8VP5Q44-1565572267296)(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/stonewm/my_blogs/master/sap_openui5/pics/23/prj_files_23_1.png)]

起始代码应该能够运行,并且在今后增加功能时,尽量少变更。我们先来看index.html:

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html;charset=UTF-8' />

<script src="service/FakeRest.min.js"></script>

<script src="../resources/sap-ui-core.js" id="sap-ui-bootstrap"
	data-sap-ui-libs="sap.m" data-sap-ui-preload="async"
	data-sap-ui-theme="sap_bluecrystal"
	data-sap-ui-xx-bindingSyntax="complex"
	data-sap-ui-resourceroots='{"stonewang.sapui5.demo": "./"}'>
	
</script>

<script>
	sap.ui.getCore().attachInit(function() {
		sap.ui.require([ 
		        "sap/m/Shell",
				"sap/ui/core/ComponentContainer",
				"stonewang/sapui5/demo/Component",
				"sap/ui/thirdparty/sinon" 
		], 
				
		function(Shell,	ComponentContainer, Component) {

			jQuery.ajax({
				url : "service/suppliers.json",
				success : function(oData) {
					initAppWithFakeRest(oData);
				},
				error : function() {
					alert("Could not start server");
				}
			});

			var initAppWithFakeRest = function(oData) {
				// initialize fake REST server
				var restServer = new FakeRest.Server();
				restServer.init(oData);

				var server = sinon.fakeServer.create();
				server.xhr.useFilters = true;
				server.autoRespond = true;
				server.autoRespondAfter = 0;

				server.xhr.addFilter(function(method, url) {
					//whenever the this returns true the request will not faked
					return !url.match(/Suppliers/);
				});

				// use sinon.js to monkey-patch XmlHttpRequest
				server.respondWith(restServer.getHandler());

				// initialize the UI component
				new Shell({
					app : new ComponentContainer({
						height : "100%",
						component : new Component({
							id : "mvcAppComponent"
						})
					})
				}).placeAt("content");
			}
		});
	});
</script>

</head>
<body class="sapUiBody" role="application">
	<div id="content"></div>
</body>
</html>

代码说明:

  • jQuery.ajax通过url参数加载文本文件,如果加载成功,执行initAppWithFakeRest,如果失败,提示不能启动服务器。
jQuery.ajax({
	url : "service/suppliers.json",
	success : function(oData) {
		initAppWithFakeRest(oData);
	},
	error : function() {
		alert("Could not start server");
	}
});
  • initAppWithFakeRest函数中,初始化fake server、sinon server、component conatiner和component:
var initAppWithFakeRest = function(oData) {
	// initialize fake REST server
	var restServer = new FakeRest.Server();
	restServer.init(oData);

	var server = sinon.fakeServer.create();
	server.xhr.useFilters = true;
	server.autoRespond = true;
	server.autoRespondAfter = 0;

	server.xhr.addFilter(function(method, url) {
		//whenever the this returns true the request will not faked
		return !url.match(/Suppliers/);
	});

	// use sinon.js to monkey-patch XmlHttpRequest
	server.respondWith(restServer.getHandler());

	// initialize the UI component
	new Shell({
		app : new ComponentContainer({
			height : "100%",
			component : new Component({
				id : "mvcAppComponent"
			})
		})
	}).placeAt("content");
}

Component.js

Component.js中,通过jQuery.ajax方法发起GET请求,请求成功则设置application model为oData。

sap.ui.define([
		  "sap/ui/core/UIComponent",
		  "sap/ui/model/resource/ResourceModel",
		  "sap/ui/model/json/JSONModel",
		  "stonewang/sapui5/demo/model/AppModel"
	], 
	  
    function (UIComponent, ResourceModel, JSONModel, AppModel) {
		"use strict";

		return UIComponent.extend("stonewang.sapui5.demo.Component", {
		
			metadata : {
				manifest: "json"
			},

	        init : function () {
	            // call the base component's init function
	            UIComponent.prototype.init.apply(this, arguments);	            
	            
	             var oAppModel = new JSONModel("/Suppliers");           

	             // set application data
	            jQuery.ajax({
	                type : "GET",
	                contentType : "application/json",
	                url : "/Suppliers",
	                dataType : "json",
	                success : function(oData) {
	                    oAppModel.setData(oData);
	                },
	                error : function() {
	                    jQuery.sap.log.debug(
	                    	"Something went wrong while retrieving the data");
	                }
				});	            
	            
	            this.setModel(oAppModel);
	            
	            // create the views based on the url/hash
				this.getRouter().initialize();
	        } // end of init function
		});
});

设置启动时候进入notFound视图

manifest.json中,设置pattern为空的时候,target为notFound,从而进入not found视图,后面再修改:

"routes": [
	{
		"pattern": "",
		"name": "notFound",
		"target": "notFound"
	}

notFound视图

<core:View xmlns:core="sap.ui.core" 
           xmlns:mvc="sap.ui.core.mvc" xmlns="sap.m"
		xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
		
	<MessagePage
			title="{i18n>notFoundTitle}"
			text="{i18n>notFoundText}"
			icon="{sap-icon://document}"
			id="page">
	</MessagePage>

</core:View>

搭建本篇的框架代码,作为后面使用模拟服务器进行增删改查的基础。

Source Code

23_zui5_mock_server_skeleton

参考

  • FakeRest

你可能感兴趣的:(SAPUI5)