所有的应用程序都涉及CRUD操作,openui5在真实的场景中是通过oData和后端SAP系统交互。但在开发过程中,为了测试的需要,可以使用模拟服务器,openui5将模拟服务器称作mock server。模拟服务器的基本功能是模拟oData数据提供者,截获应用程序的对服务器端的htpp或https请求,并传回模拟请求的回应。从openui5开发的这一侧来看,可以降低与真实后端的耦合。
openui5有自己的mocke server模块,但我这里参照《SAPUI5 Comprehensive Guide》一书,使用另外一个框架:github上的fakerest,基于sinon(地址:点击)。支持CRUD操作,基本使用方法如下:
FakeRest.min.js
文件在webapp的service文件夹下。并添加对js文件的引用。<script src="../service/FakeRest.min.js"></script>
mockServerTest.html
文件放在webapp下的test文件夹下。用于测试代码。sinon
模块jQuery.sap.require("sap.ui.thirdparty.sinon");
var data = {
'authors': [
{ id: 0, first_name: 'Leo', last_name: 'Tolstoi' },
{ id: 1, first_name: 'Jane', last_name: 'Austen' }
],
'books': [
{ id: 0, author_id: 0, title: 'Anna Karenina' },
{ id: 1, author_id: 0, title: 'War and Peace' },
{ id: 2, author_id: 1, title: 'Pride and Prejudice' },
{ id: 3, author_id: 1, title: 'Sense and Sensibility' }
],
'settings': {
language: 'english',
preferred_format: 'hardback',
}
};
// initialize fake REST server
var restServer = new FakeRest.Server();
restServer.init(data);
// use sinon.js to monkey-patch XmlHttpRequest
var server = sinon.fakeServer.create();
server.respondWith(restServer.getHandler());
// 使用GET请求查询所有的author
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("GET", "/authors", false);
req.send(null);
console.log(req.responseText);
// 使用GET请求查询第四条book:/books/3
req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("GET", "/books/3", false);
req.send(null);
console.log(req.responseText);
// 使用POST请求插入数据
req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("POST", "/books", false);
var updateData = JSON.stringify({
id: 4, author_id:1, title:'Emma'});
req.send(updateData);
console.log(req.responseText);
// 使用PUT请求更改数据
req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("PUT", "/books/2", false);
var modifyData = JSON.stringify({
title:'傲慢与偏见'});
req.send(modifyData);
console.log("修改:");
console.log(req.responseText);
// 使用GET请求查询所有的books
req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("GET", "/books", false);
req.send(null);
console.log("修改后:");
console.log(req.responseText);
// Delete数据
req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("DELETE", "/books/4", false);
req.send(null);
console.log("删除:");
console.log(req.responseText);
// 使用GET请求查询所有的books
req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("GET", "/books", false);
req.send(null);
console.log("删除后:");
console.log(req.responseText);
随着我们编写的功能增多,项目文件包含的文件也越来越复杂。为了方便后面的学习,我打算创建一个起始的代码框架。文件结构如下:
[外链图片转存失败(img-p8VP5Q44-1565572267296)(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/stonewm/my_blogs/master/sap_openui5/pics/23/prj_files_23_1.png)]
起始代码应该能够运行,并且在今后增加功能时,尽量少变更。我们先来看index.html
:
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html;charset=UTF-8' />
<script src="service/FakeRest.min.js"></script>
<script src="../resources/sap-ui-core.js" id="sap-ui-bootstrap"
data-sap-ui-libs="sap.m" data-sap-ui-preload="async"
data-sap-ui-theme="sap_bluecrystal"
data-sap-ui-xx-bindingSyntax="complex"
data-sap-ui-resourceroots='{"stonewang.sapui5.demo": "./"}'>
</script>
<script>
sap.ui.getCore().attachInit(function() {
sap.ui.require([
"sap/m/Shell",
"sap/ui/core/ComponentContainer",
"stonewang/sapui5/demo/Component",
"sap/ui/thirdparty/sinon"
],
function(Shell, ComponentContainer, Component) {
jQuery.ajax({
url : "service/suppliers.json",
success : function(oData) {
initAppWithFakeRest(oData);
},
error : function() {
alert("Could not start server");
}
});
var initAppWithFakeRest = function(oData) {
// initialize fake REST server
var restServer = new FakeRest.Server();
restServer.init(oData);
var server = sinon.fakeServer.create();
server.xhr.useFilters = true;
server.autoRespond = true;
server.autoRespondAfter = 0;
server.xhr.addFilter(function(method, url) {
//whenever the this returns true the request will not faked
return !url.match(/Suppliers/);
});
// use sinon.js to monkey-patch XmlHttpRequest
server.respondWith(restServer.getHandler());
// initialize the UI component
new Shell({
app : new ComponentContainer({
height : "100%",
component : new Component({
id : "mvcAppComponent"
})
})
}).placeAt("content");
}
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body class="sapUiBody" role="application">
<div id="content"></div>
</body>
</html>
代码说明:
jQuery.ajax
通过url参数加载文本文件,如果加载成功,执行initAppWithFakeRest
,如果失败,提示不能启动服务器。jQuery.ajax({
url : "service/suppliers.json",
success : function(oData) {
initAppWithFakeRest(oData);
},
error : function() {
alert("Could not start server");
}
});
initAppWithFakeRest
函数中,初始化fake server、sinon server、component conatiner和component:var initAppWithFakeRest = function(oData) {
// initialize fake REST server
var restServer = new FakeRest.Server();
restServer.init(oData);
var server = sinon.fakeServer.create();
server.xhr.useFilters = true;
server.autoRespond = true;
server.autoRespondAfter = 0;
server.xhr.addFilter(function(method, url) {
//whenever the this returns true the request will not faked
return !url.match(/Suppliers/);
});
// use sinon.js to monkey-patch XmlHttpRequest
server.respondWith(restServer.getHandler());
// initialize the UI component
new Shell({
app : new ComponentContainer({
height : "100%",
component : new Component({
id : "mvcAppComponent"
})
})
}).placeAt("content");
}
在Component.js
中,通过jQuery.ajax
方法发起GET请求,请求成功则设置application model为oData。
sap.ui.define([
"sap/ui/core/UIComponent",
"sap/ui/model/resource/ResourceModel",
"sap/ui/model/json/JSONModel",
"stonewang/sapui5/demo/model/AppModel"
],
function (UIComponent, ResourceModel, JSONModel, AppModel) {
"use strict";
return UIComponent.extend("stonewang.sapui5.demo.Component", {
metadata : {
manifest: "json"
},
init : function () {
// call the base component's init function
UIComponent.prototype.init.apply(this, arguments);
var oAppModel = new JSONModel("/Suppliers");
// set application data
jQuery.ajax({
type : "GET",
contentType : "application/json",
url : "/Suppliers",
dataType : "json",
success : function(oData) {
oAppModel.setData(oData);
},
error : function() {
jQuery.sap.log.debug(
"Something went wrong while retrieving the data");
}
});
this.setModel(oAppModel);
// create the views based on the url/hash
this.getRouter().initialize();
} // end of init function
});
});
在manifest.json中
,设置pattern为空的时候,target为notFound,从而进入not found视图,后面再修改:
"routes": [
{
"pattern": "",
"name": "notFound",
"target": "notFound"
}
<core:View xmlns:core="sap.ui.core"
xmlns:mvc="sap.ui.core.mvc" xmlns="sap.m"
xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<MessagePage
title="{i18n>notFoundTitle}"
text="{i18n>notFoundText}"
icon="{sap-icon://document}"
id="page">
</MessagePage>
</core:View>
搭建本篇的框架代码,作为后面使用模拟服务器进行增删改查的基础。
23_zui5_mock_server_skeleton