分享几个Linux下的码流分析工具
windows下的码流分析工具非常多，比如elecard streameye，当然还有众多开源贡献者制作的小工具，但是很多时候我们都需要在Linux下做开发，也可能需要做一些简单的码流分析工作，这里就分享几个常用的工具给大家．这些工具使用起来都很简单，不用输特别长的命令，也都有对应的windows版本．如果有朋友还了解其他工具，可以在评论中补充～
０＼Mediainfo
这个就不用介绍了吧，大家都知道的码流分析工具，虽然只是一些简单的信息，但有时候基本够用了．如果你用的是ubuntu，可以直接在ubuntu软件中心下载，有图形界面．简单易用．
１＼Bento4
Bento4是一套开源库，专用于mp4格式文件的读写，同时还提供一套开源工具，支持的功能非常多，列举如下
mp4info：命令行工具，显示一些high level的信息，包括tracks和codec的信息，比如像下面这样
File:
major brand: iso4
minor version: 0
compatible brand: iso4
compatible brand: hvc1
compatible brand: letv
Movie:
duration: 152393 ms
time scale: 90000
fragments: no
Found 2 Tracks
Track 1:
flags: 1 ENABLED
id: 1
type: Video
duration: 150000 ms
language: und
media:
sample count: 3750
timescale: 90000
duration: 13500000 (media timescale units)
duration: 150000 (ms)
bitrate (computed): 3516.725 Kbps
display width: 2560.000000
display height: 1440.000000
frame rate (computed): 25.000
Sample Description 0
Bytes: 0000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000a0005a0004800000048000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000018ffff000000766876634301008000000000000000000000f000fcfdf8f800000f03a00001001840010c01ffff01600000030080000003000003009699c090a10001002a420101016000000300800000030000030096a001402005a16599e49132b8040000030004000003006420a2000100064401c173d189
Coding: hvc1 (H.265)
Width: 2560
Height: 1440
Depth: 24
HEVC Profile Space: 0
HEVC Profile: 0
HEVC Profile Compat: 80000000
HEVC Level: 0.0
HEVC Tier: 0
HEVC Chroma Format: 1 (4:2:0)
HEVC Chroma Bit Depth: 8
HEVC Luma Bit Depth: 8
HEVC Average Frame Rate: 0
HEVC Constant Frame Rate: 0
HEVC NALU Length Size: 4
HEVC Sequences:
{
Array Completeness=1
Type=32 (VPS_NUT - Video parameter set)
40010c01ffff01600000030080000003000003009699c090
}
{
Array Completeness=1
Type=33 (SPS_NUT - Sequence parameter set)
420101016000000300800000030000030096a001402005a16599e49132b8040000030004000003006420
}
{
Array Completeness=1
Type=34 (PPS_NUT - Picture parameter set)
4401c173d189
}
Codecs String: hvc1.0.1.L0.0
Track 2:
flags: 3 ENABLED IN-MOVIE
id: 2
type: Audio
duration: 152392 ms
language: eng
media:
sample count: 6563
timescale: 44100
duration: 6720512 (media timescale units)
duration: 152393 (ms)
bitrate (computed): 128.011 Kbps
Sample Description 0
Bytes: 000000000000000100000000000000000002001000000000ac440000000000276573647300000000031900000004114015000206000208c80001f40c05021210060102
Coding: mp4a (MPEG-4 Audio)
Stream Type: Audio
Object Type: MPEG-4 Audio
Max Bitrate: 133320
Avg Bitrate: 128012
Buffer Size: 518
Codecs String: mp4a.40.2
MPEG-4 Audio Object Type: 2 (AAC Low Complexity)
MPEG-4 Audio Decoder Config:
Sampling Frequency: 44100
Channels: 2
Sample Rate: 44100
Sample Size: 16
Channels: 2除此之外，mp4info还可以查看一些sample的信息，包括size\offset\duration\dts等信息，但是我更喜欢用下面的工具来查看这些信息
mp4dump：同样是命令行工具，可以显示完整的atom/box structure，像下面这样
[ftyp] size=8+20
major_brand = iso4
minor_version = 0
compatible_brand = iso4
compatible_brand = hvc1
compatible_brand = letv
[moov] size=8+56706
[mvhd] size=12+96
timescale = 90000
duration = 13715330
duration(ms) = 152393
[iods] size=12+12
[InitialObjectDescriptor] size=5+7
id = 1
include inline profile level flag = 0
OD profile level = ff
scene profile level = ff
audio profile level = f
visual profile level = ff
graphics profile level = ff
[trak] size=8+26015
[tkhd] size=12+80, flags=1
enabled = 1
id = 1
duration = 13500000
width = 2560.000000
height = 1440.000000
[mdia] size=8+25879
[mdhd] size=12+20
timescale = 90000
duration = 13500000
duration(ms) = 150000
language = und
[hdlr] size=12+21
handler_type = vide
handler_name =
[minf] size=8+25806
[vmhd] size=12+8, flags=1
graphics_mode = 0
op_color = 0000,0000,0000
[dinf] size=8+28
[dref] size=12+16
[url ] size=12+0, flags=1
location = [local to file]
[stbl] size=8+25742
[stsd] size=12+226
entry-count = 1
[hvc1] size=8+214
data_reference_index = 1
width = 2560
height = 1440
compressor =
[hvcC] size=8+110
Configuration Version = 1
Profile Space = 0
Profile = 0
Tier = 0
Profile Compatibility = 80000000
Constraint = 0
Level = 0
Min Spatial Segmentation = 0
Parallelism Type = 0
Chroma Format = 1
Chroma Depth = 8
Luma Depth = 8
Average Frame Rate = 0
Constant Frame Rate = 0
Number Of Temporal Layers = 1
Temporal Id Nested = 1
NALU Length Size = 4
[colr] size=8+10
[stts] size=12+12
entry_count = 1
[stsz] size=12+15008
sample_size = 0
sample_count = 3750
[stsc] size=12+7072
entry_count = 589
[stco] size=12+3268
entry_count = 816
[stss] size=12+84
entry_count = 20
[edts] size=8+28
[elst] size=12+16
entry count = 1
entry/segment duration = 13500000
entry/media time = 7200
entry/media rate = 1
[trak] size=8+30430
[tkhd] size=12+80, flags=3
enabled = 1
id = 2
duration = 13715330
width = 0.000000
height = 0.000000
[mdia] size=8+30308
[mdhd] size=12+20
timescale = 44100
duration = 6720512
duration(ms) = 152392
language = eng
[hdlr] size=12+21
handler_type = soun
handler_name =
[minf] size=8+30235
[smhd] size=12+4
balance = 0
[dinf] size=8+28
[dref] size=12+16
[url ] size=12+0, flags=1
location = [local to file]
[stbl] size=8+30175
[stsd] size=12+91
entry-count = 1
[mp4a] size=8+79
data_reference_index = 1
channel_count = 2
sample_size = 16
sample_rate = 44100
[esds] size=12+39
[ESDescriptor] size=5+34
es_id = 0
stream_priority = 0
[DecoderConfig] size=5+20
stream_type = 5
object_type = 64
up_stream = 0
buffer_size = 518
max_bitrate = 133320
avg_bitrate = 128012
DecoderSpecificInfo = 12 10
[Descriptor:06] size=5+1
[stts] size=12+12
entry_count = 1
[stsz] size=12+26260
sample_size = 0
sample_count = 6563
[stsc] size=12+484
entry_count = 40
[stco] size=12+3268
entry_count = 816
[udta] size=8+14
[name] size=8+6
[udta] size=8+105
[meta] size=12+93
[hdlr] size=12+21
handler_type = mdir
handler_name =
[ilst] size=8+52
[.too] size=8+44
[data] size=8+36
type = 1
lang = 0
value = HandBrake rev5474 2014101599
[mdat] size=8+68377095
[free] size=8+138248通过设置不同的verbosity级别，还可以看到每个box的每个字段的更详细的信息．此外，还可以把某一个track的二进制内容完整的dump出来．
mp4edit：命令行工具，可以给一个mp4文件增加＼插入＼删除＼替换atom/box，当然这已经不是我们要的码流分析功能了，但还是在这里写一笔吧，下面很多工具也都是跟码流分析无关的，但都是Bento4开源工具集里面的，有兴趣的朋友可以选择性的深入了解
mp4extract：命令行工具，可以将某一个atom/box的二进制数据完整的dump出来
mp4encrypt&mp4decrypt：命令行工具，分别支持对MP4文件的加密和解密
mp4fragment&mp4split：命令行工具，前者将non-fragmented的文件转为fragmented MP4,后者完成逆向的工作.fragmented MP4是一种专为流媒体传输设计的格式．
mp4tag：命令行工具，可以显示/编辑MP4的元数据
mp4mux&mp42aac&mp42avc：命令行工具，第一个工具用于将ES流mux为一个mp4文件，但是只支持AVC\HEVC\AAC，后两个工具则分别实现从mp4文件中提取aac流和avc流的功能
mp42hls：命令行工具，将MP4文件转码为HLS，自动生成切片和m3u8文件，支持AES加密
mp42ts：命令行工具，MP4转TS
mp4dash：命令行工具，将一个或多个MP4文件转码为DASH内容，支持加密
mp4dashclone：py脚本，将服务器端的DASH内容拷贝到本地creates a local clone of a remote or local MPEG DASH presentation, optionally encrypting the segments as they are cloned.不过就实际体验来看,对MPD的支持不够完善,很多都不能下载.不如直接用wget -r -np -nH -R index.html your_url下载来的方便.不过这个python代码写的真是很漂亮,值得学习.
２＼ffprobe
大名鼎鼎的ffmpeg想必大家都听过，ffprobe也是其开源工具集中的一项，上面介绍的Bento4系列工具基本都是做封装格式解析的，我喜欢用ffprobe做编码格式的分析．当然，ffprobe也可以做封装格式的解析．常用的几个命令和作用如下
-show_data show packets data
-show_data_hash show packets data hash
-show_error show probing error
-show_format show format/container info
-show_frames show frames info
-show_format_entry entry show a particular entry from the format/container info
-show_entries entry_list show a set of specified entries
-show_packets show packets info
-show_programs show programs info
-show_streams show streams info
-show_chapters show chapters info
-count_frames count the number of frames per stream
-count_packets count the number of packets per stream
-show_program_version show ffprobe version
-show_library_versions show library versions
-show_versions show program and library versions
-show_pixel_formats show pixel format descriptions
-show_private_data show private data以show_frames为例，可以输出每个帧的信息，像下面这样
[FRAME]
media_type=video
stream_index=0
key_frame=1
pkt_pts=0
pkt_pts_time=0.000000
pkt_dts=0
pkt_dts_time=0.000000
best_effort_timestamp=0
best_effort_timestamp_time=0.000000
pkt_duration=3600
pkt_duration_time=0.040000
pkt_pos=56759
pkt_size=5560
width=3840
height=2160
pix_fmt=yuv420p
sample_aspect_ratio=N/A
pict_type=I
coded_picture_number=0
display_picture_number=0
interlaced_frame=0
top_field_first=0
repeat_pict=0
[/FRAME]
[FRAME]
media_type=video
stream_index=0
key_frame=0
pkt_pts=3600
pkt_pts_time=0.040000
pkt_dts=3600
pkt_dts_time=0.040000
best_effort_timestamp=3600
best_effort_timestamp_time=0.040000
pkt_duration=3600
pkt_duration_time=0.040000
pkt_pos=71616
pkt_size=405
width=3840
height=2160
pix_fmt=yuv420p
sample_aspect_ratio=N/A
pict_type=B
coded_picture_number=3
display_picture_number=0
interlaced_frame=0
top_field_first=0
repeat_pict=0
[/FRAME]
[FRAME]
media_type=audio
stream_index=1
key_frame=1
pkt_pts=1024
pkt_pts_time=0.023220
pkt_dts=1024
pkt_dts_time=0.023220
best_effort_timestamp=1024
best_effort_timestamp_time=0.023220
pkt_duration=1024
pkt_duration_time=0.023220
pkt_pos=72047
pkt_size=9
sample_fmt=fltp
nb_samples=1024
channels=2
channel_layout=stereo
[/FRAME]如果你用过streameye，一定记得它那个经典的图形界面，可以显示每个帧的大小和类型，可以看到，这里ffprobe完全能够完成一样的工作．
３＼FLVmeta
本来是一个编辑flv文件的metadata的工具，有些flv文件上传之后不能seek，就是因为metadata有问题，这时候就可以用到FLVmeta，但其实它也可以用来做flv文件的码流分析，输出每个tag的信息，像下面这样
iso5
1
avc1iso5dsmsmsixdash
Lavf57.41.100
5 \ tsinfo
用于查看ts码流信息的工具.在ubuntu下sudo apt-get install tstools安装tsinfo工具，即可用它查看ts码流信息
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