windows环境下用nginx+FastCGI方式运行Django

最近几天在写一个蛋疼的Django项目,前些天调试一直是用Django自带的HTTP服务器,不过最近可能要先部署一些东西,为了更加接近真实 的服务器环境,决定用FastCGI的方式试试。服务器选择了nginx,本来是计划在CentOS下试验的,不过由于CentOS还要安装,出于懒人的 做法,就直接在自己的windows里试试了。

首先确保你的电脑里已经安装了Python和Django,接下来我们还需要两个组件,nginx服务器和flup(Python的FastCGI组件)

nginx下载地址:http://nginx.org/en/download.html

flup下载地址:http://www.saddi.com/software/flup/dist/flup-1.0.2.tar.gz

与Linux下不同的是,nginx在windows下是以一个应用程序的方式运行,而不是以一个服务运行(难怪没人在windows服务器上用nginx)

把刚刚下载好的两个压缩包都解压到C:/nginx/, C:/flup/(目录可自己选择,这里只做个演示)然后用

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python setup.py install

安装flup,接着就要配置nginx了,打开C:/nginx/conf/nginx.conf,我的配置文件如下,大家可根据需要自行修改:

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#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;
 
#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;
 
#pid        logs/nginx.pid;
 
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
 
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
 
    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
 
    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
 
    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;
 
    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
 
    #gzip  on;
 
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
 
        #charset utf-8;
 
        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
 
        #location / {
        #    root   html;
        #    index  index.html index.htm;
        #}
 
        #error_page  404              /404.html;
 
        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
 
        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ /.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}
 
        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ /.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}
 
        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ //.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
 
        # 静态资源
        location ~* ^.+/.(html|jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|css|js)$
        {
            root e:/gin/gin/;
            expires 30d;
            break;
        }
 
        location ~ ^/static/ {
            root e:/gin/gin/;
            expires 30d;
            break;
        } 
 
        location / {
            # 指定 fastcgi 的主机和端口
            fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8051;
            fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name;
            fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
            fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
            fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
            fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
            fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
            fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
            fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
            fastcgi_pass_header Authorization;
            fastcgi_intercept_errors off;
        }
    }
 
    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
 
    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
 
    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443;
    #    server_name  localhost;
 
    #    ssl                  on;
    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;
 
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
 
    #    ssl_protocols  SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
    #    ssl_ciphers  ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;
 
    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
 
}

需要注意的是,对于不需要url rewrite的目录,比如存放css和图片的目录,需要在配置文件里指明,否则将无法访问这些文件

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        location ~ ^/static/ {
            root e:/gin/gin/;
            expires 30d;
            break;
        }

最后一步就是运行nginx服务器,并且用FastCGI运行你的Django项目了
进入nginx的目录:

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    cd c:/nginx/
    start nginx

然后在浏览器里访问http://loaclhost/ 就应该可以看到nginx的欢迎界面了。最后进入你的Django项目的根目录,然后用一下命令来运行服务器:

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    python manage.py runfcgi method=threaded host=127.0.0.1 port=8051

刷新localhost页面,你就能看到你的项目主页啦~~
补充一点windwos下nginx操作的命令(来自官方文档)

nginx -s stop quick exit
nginx -s quit graceful quit
nginx -s reload changing configuration, starting a new worker, quitting an old worker gracefully
nginx -s reopen reopening log files

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