文章摘要：CentOS 6.3 无人值守安装过程 常见问题及解决方法


一、安装过程kickstartDhcpTftpNfs

1.环境

Vmware Workstation 9.0
CentOS-6.3-i386-bin-DVD

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2.安装

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa |grep nfs-utils
nfs-utils-lib-1.1.5-4.el6.i686
nfs-utils-1.2.3-26.el6.i686
[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa |grep dhcp-devel
dhcp-devel-4.1.1-31.0.1.P1.el6.centos.1.i686
[root@localhost ~]#
如没有进行安装
yum install dhcp-devel nfs-utils xinetd tftp-server pykickstart syslinux
chkconfig --level 123456 dhcpd on
chkconfig --level 123456 tftp on
chkconfig --level 123456 nfs on
chkconfig --level 123456 xinetd on
chkconfig --level 123456 rpcbind on

mkdir /kickstart  /install

[root@localhost home]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

#
# DHCP Server Configuration file.
#   see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample
#   see 'man 5 dhcpd.conf'
ignore client-updates;
allow booting;
allow bootp;
subnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

       option routers 192.168.100.1;
       option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
       default-lease-time 21600;
       max-lease-time 43200;
       range 192.168.100.128 192.168.100.140;
       filename "/kickstart/ks.cfg";
       next-server 192.168.100.1;
}
option space PXE;
class "PXE" {
       match if substring(option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";
               option vendor-encapsulated-options 01:04:00:00:00:00:ff;
                       option boot-size 0x1;
                       filename "pxelinux.0";
                       option tftp-server-name "192.168.100.128";
}

[root@localhost home]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
# default: off
# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \
#       protocol.  The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
#       workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
#       and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
service tftp
{
disable = no
       socket_type             = dgram
       protocol                = udp
       wait                    = yes
       user                    = root
       server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args             = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
       per_source              = 11
       cps                     = 100 2
       flags                   = IPv4
}



cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot
cp /mnt/p_w_picpaths/pxeboot/initrd.img /var/lib/tftpboot
cp /mnt/p_w_picpaths/pxeboot/vmlinuz /var/lib/tftpboot
mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot /pxelinux.cfg
cp /mnt/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

将default文件下面内容
label linux
 menu label ^Install or upgrade an existing system
 menu default
 kernel vmlinuz
 append initrd=initrd.img
修改成
label linux
 kernel vmlinuz
 append ksdevice=eth0 load_ramdisk=1 initrd=initrd.img network ks=nfs:192.168.100.128:/kickstart/ks.cfg noipv6

3.自定义root密码

[root@localhost ~]# perl -e 'print crypt("jngd!!!!!!",q($1$BYSimLw0)),"\n"'
$1$BYSimLw0$9zfbFAPUuuXM8K/iLaSec1
[root@localhost ~]#
………………………………
url --url="http://192.168.100.128/centOS6"
rootpw --iscrypted $1$BYSimLw0$9zfbFAPUuuXM8K/iLaSec1
auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512
……………………………………

二、常见问题及解决方法

1.出现TFTP PXE-T01: File not found PXE-E3B: TFTP Error –File

在客户端启动时出现下面问题



解决方法:
原因为tftp工作目录在/var/lib/tftp ,配置时按照网上文档配置到了/tftpboot,所以出现以上错误
查看tftp 工作目录，下面红色字体
[root@localhost tftpboot]# cat /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
service tftp
{
        disable    = no
        socket_type            = dgram
        protocol           = udp
        wait                   = yes
        user                            = root
        server                        = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
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