apt-get installs 报错 Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (13: Permission denied)

apt-get installs 报错 ，提示如下：

Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (13: Permission denied)

glp@ubuntu:~$ apt-get install vim
E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (13: Permission denied)
E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), are you root?

解决：

①

glp@ubuntu:~$ su
Password: 
root@ubuntu:/home/glp# rm -rf /var/lib/dpkg/lock 
root@ubuntu:/home/glp# rm -rf /var/cache/apt/archives/lock

②

root@ubuntu:/home/glp# apt-get update
Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [102 kB]
Hit:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [102 kB]    
Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [50.0 kB]
Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease [102 kB]
Get:6 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [39.7 kB]
Get:7 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [32.1 kB]
Get:8 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [37.0 kB]
Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [288 kB]
Get:10 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [184 kB]
Get:11 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [139 kB]
Get:12 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [164 kB]
Get:13 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [2,516 B]
Get:14 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [3,324 B]
Fetched 1,247 kB in 5s (209 kB/s)                   
Reading package lists... Done

③

root@ubuntu:/home/glp# apt-get update
Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [102 kB]
Hit:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [102 kB]    
Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [50.0 kB]
Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease [102 kB]
Get:6 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [39.7 kB]
Get:7 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [32.1 kB]
Get:8 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [37.0 kB]
Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [288 kB]
Get:10 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [184 kB]
Get:11 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [139 kB]
Get:12 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [164 kB]
Get:13 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [2,516 B]
Get:14 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [3,324 B]
Fetched 1,247 kB in 5s (209 kB/s)                   
Reading package lists... Done

④

root@ubuntu:/home/glp# dpkg --configure -a

⑤

root@ubuntu:/home/glp# apt-get install vim
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  libpango1.0-0 libpangox-1.0-0 ubuntu-core-launcher
Use 'apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
  vim-runtime
Suggested packages:
  ctags vim-doc vim-scripts vim-gnome-py2 | vim-gtk-py2 | vim-gtk3-py2
  | vim-athena-py2 | vim-nox-py2
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  vim vim-runtime
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded.
Need to get 6,199 kB of archives.
After this operation, 30.0 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 vim-runtime all 2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.2 [5,164 kB]
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 vim amd64 2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.2 [1,036 kB]
Fetched 6,199 kB in 31s (194 kB/s)                                             
Selecting previously unselected package vim-runtime.
(Reading database ... 205227 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../vim-runtime_2%3a7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.2_all.deb ...
Adding 'diversion of /usr/share/vim/vim74/doc/help.txt to /usr/share/vim/vim74/doc/help.txt.vim-tiny by vim-runtime'
Adding 'diversion of /usr/share/vim/vim74/doc/tags to /usr/share/vim/vim74/doc/tags.vim-tiny by vim-runtime'
Unpacking vim-runtime (2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package vim.
Preparing to unpack .../vim_2%3a7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking vim (2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.2) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Setting up vim-runtime (2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.2) ...
Setting up vim (2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.2) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/vim (vim) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/vimdiff (vimdiff) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/rvim (rvim) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/rview (rview) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/vi (vi) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/view (view) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/ex (ex) in auto mode