Ubuntu16.04系统安装&换源说明

虚拟机的系统安装

正常下一步添加内容即可
或者参考我的博客文章
VMware安装&密匙&新建虚拟机说明&共享文件夹

操作系统的系统安装

1.进入bios
2.修改boot priority 设置为u盘启动
3.插u盘启动电脑 选择try ubuntu安装（这样能关掉网络，避免安装中联网下载更新包，浪费时间）
4.启动桌面安装文件，选择自己所需语言，按需求分区（双系统最好留一点swap空间）然后点击继续。安装即可。
注：虚拟机与直装系统类似，双系统请参考我之前的博客文章：
系统安装ubuntu16.04+cuda8.0+Ros+QT5.12+opencv4.01&contrib+eigen3

换源

0.升级appstream

• 升级

sudo apt install appstream/xenial-backports

• 查看版本

 appstreamcli --version

• 强制刷新缓存数据，将不再看到任何警告

sudo appstreamcli refresh --force
sudo apt-get update

• 无需upgrade，自带的源upgrade太慢了

1.备份源

 sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup

2.打开源

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

3.全选替换为下方源

 sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backupaliyun

（3.1.可以给替换源也做备份，此时可以随时替换）
4.更新升级

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

如果没有执行第0步。此时可能会出现更新升级失败的问题：AppStream cache update completed, but some metadata was ignored due to errors
需要xserial backport的支持，即第0步。将源换为自带的源升级appstream

阿里云

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

清华园

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse