Java定时任务调度工具详解之Quartz篇（中级）一：浅谈JobExecutionContext&JobDatai&浅谈Trigger
概要：OpenSymphony提供的强大的开源任务调度框架
官网:http://www.quartz-scheduler.org/
纯java实现，精细控制排程
特点：强大的调度功能 ，灵活的应用方式，分布式和集群能力
主要用到的设计模式：Builder模式，Factory模式，组件模式，链式写法
三个核心概念：调度器，任务，触发器
重要组成：Job JobDetail JobBuilder JobStore
Trigger TriggerBuilder ThreadPool Scheduler
Calendar 一个Trigger可以和多个Calendar关联，以排除或包含某些时间点
监听器：JobListener TriggerListener SchedulerListener
一.第一个Quartz程序
Quartz使用：
准备工作—建立Maven项目工程
—引入Quartz jar包
任务：让任务每隔两秒钟打印一次helloworld
打开链接http://mavenrepository.com
搜索quartz
复制里面的内容，粘贴到项目中的pom.xml文件中dependencies下，保存
<dependency>
<groupId>org.quartz-schedulergroupId>
<artifactId>quartzartifactId>
<version>2.2.3version>
dependency>
编辑器会自动下载Quartz相关架包
我们也可以Maven Install
代码示例：
HelloJob类：
package HelloQuartz.helloQuartz;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
public class HelloJob implements Job{
public void execute(JobExecutionContext arg0) throws JobExecutionException {
//打印当前的执行时间，格式为2017-01-01 00：00:00
Date date = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat sf =new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
System.out.println("Current Exec Time Is :" + sf.format(date));
//编写具体的业务逻辑
System.out.println("Hello World!");
}
}
HelloScheduler类
package HelloQuartz.helloQuartz;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import org.quartz.JobBuilder;
import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerException;
import org.quartz.SchedulerFactory;
import org.quartz.SimpleScheduleBuilder;
import org.quartz.Trigger;
import org.quartz.TriggerBuilder;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
public class HelloScheduler {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {
// 创建一个JobDetail示例，将该示例与HelloJob Class绑定
JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(HelloJob.class)
.withIdentity("myJob", "group1").build();
// 创建一个Trigger实例，定义该job立即执行，并且每隔两秒钟重复执行一次，直到永远
Trigger triger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
.withIdentity("myTrigger","group1")
.startNow()
.withSchedule(
SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
.withIntervalInSeconds(2)
.repeatForever())
.build();
//创建Scheduler实例
SchedulerFactory sfact = new StdSchedulerFactory();
Scheduler scheduler = sfact.getScheduler();
scheduler.start();
Date date = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat sf =new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
System.out.println("Current Exec Time Is :" + sf.format(date));
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, triger);
}
}
二.浅谈JobExecutionContext&JobDatai
JobExecutionContext是什么？
当Scheduler调用一个Job，就会将JobExecutionContext传递给Job的execute()方法；
Job能通过JobExecutionContext对象访问到Quartz运行时候的环境以及Job本身的明细数据
JobDataMap是什么？
在进行任务调度时，JobDataMap存储在JobExecutionContext中，非常方便获取
JobDataMap可以用来装载任何可序列化的数据对象，当job实例对象被执行时这些参数对象会传递给它。
JobDataMap实现了JDK的Map接口，并且添加了一些非常方便的方法用来存取基本数据类型。
获取JobDataMap的两种方式
第一种方式从Map中直接获取
代码示例：
HelloScheduler类
package HelloQuartz.helloQuartz;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import org.quartz.JobBuilder;
import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerException;
import org.quartz.SchedulerFactory;
import org.quartz.SimpleScheduleBuilder;
import org.quartz.Trigger;
import org.quartz.TriggerBuilder;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
public class HelloScheduler {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {
// 创建一个JobDetail示例，将该示例与HelloJob Class绑定
JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(HelloJob.class).withIdentity("myJob", "group1")
.usingJobData("message", "hello MyJob1").usingJobData("FloatJobValue", 3.14F).build();
// 创建一个Trigger实例，定义该job立即执行，并且每隔两秒钟重复执行一次，直到永远
Trigger triger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
.withIdentity("myTrigger", "group1")
.usingJobData("message","hello myTrigger1")
.usingJobData("DoubleTriggerValue",2.0D)
.startNow()
.withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule().withIntervalInSeconds(2).repeatForever()).build();
// 创建Scheduler实例
SchedulerFactory sfact = new StdSchedulerFactory();
Scheduler scheduler = sfact.getScheduler();
scheduler.start();
Date date = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat sf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
System.out.println("Current Exec Time Is :" + sf.format(date));
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, triger);
}
}HelloJob类
package HelloQuartz.helloQuartz;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.naming.Context;
import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobDataMap;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.quartz.JobKey;
import org.quartz.TriggerKey;
public class HelloJob implements Job {
public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
// 打印当前的执行时间，格式为2017-01-01 00：00:00
Date date = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat sf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
System.out.println("Current Exec Time Is :" + sf.format(date));
JobKey key = context.getJobDetail().getKey();
System.out.println("My Job name and group are:" + key.getName() + ":" + key.getGroup());
TriggerKey trkey = context.getTrigger().getKey();
System.out.println("My Trigger name and group are:" + trkey.getName() + ":" + trkey.getGroup());
JobDataMap dataMap = context.getJobDetail().getJobDataMap();
JobDataMap tdataMap = context.getTrigger().getJobDataMap();
String JobMsg = dataMap.getString("message");
Float jobFloatValue = dataMap.getFloat("FloatJobValue");
String triggerMsg = tdataMap.getString("message");
Double triggerDoubleValue = tdataMap.getDouble("DoubleTriggerValue");
System.out.println("JobMsg is :"+JobMsg);
System.out.println("triggerMsg is :"+triggerMsg);
System.out.println("jobFloatValue is :"+jobFloatValue);
System.out.println("triggerDoubleValue is :"+triggerDoubleValue);
}
}
第二种方式：Job实现类中添加setter方法对应JobDataMap的键值（Quartz框架默认的JobFactory实现类在初始化job示例对象时会自动地调用这些setter方法）
HelloJob类
package HelloQuartz.helloQuartz;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.naming.Context;
import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobDataMap;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.quartz.JobKey;
import org.quartz.TriggerKey;
public class HelloJob implements Job {
private String message;
private Float FloatJobValue;
private Double DoubleTriggerValue;
/**
* @return the message
*/
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
/**
* @param message the message to set
*/
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
/**
* @return the floatJobValue
*/
public Float getFloatJobValue() {
return FloatJobValue;
}
/**
* @param floatJobValue the floatJobValue to set
*/
public void setFloatJobValue(Float floatJobValue) {
FloatJobValue = floatJobValue;
}
/**
* @return the doubleTriggerValue
*/
public Double getDoubleTriggerValue() {
return DoubleTriggerValue;
}
/**
* @param doubleTriggerValue the doubleTriggerValue to set
*/
public void setDoubleTriggerValue(Double doubleTriggerValue) {
DoubleTriggerValue = doubleTriggerValue;
}
public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
// 打印当前的执行时间，格式为2017-01-01 00：00:00
Date date = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat sf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
System.out.println("Current Exec Time Is :" + sf.format(date));
JobKey key = context.getJobDetail().getKey();
System.out.println("My Job name and group are:" + key.getName() + ":" + key.getGroup());
TriggerKey trkey = context.getTrigger().getKey();
System.out.println("My Trigger name and group are:" + trkey.getName() + ":" + trkey.getGroup());
JobDataMap dataMap = context.getMergedJobDataMap();//合并之后的dataMap
System.out.println("msg is :"+message);
System.out.println("jobFloatValue is :"+FloatJobValue);
System.out.println("triggerDoubleValue is :"+DoubleTriggerValue);
}
}
HelloScheduler类
package HelloQuartz.helloQuartz;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import org.quartz.JobBuilder;
import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerException;
import org.quartz.SchedulerFactory;
import org.quartz.SimpleScheduleBuilder;
import org.quartz.Trigger;
import org.quartz.TriggerBuilder;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
public class HelloScheduler {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {
// 创建一个JobDetail示例，将该示例与HelloJob Class绑定
JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(HelloJob.class).withIdentity("myJob", "group1")
.usingJobData("message", "hello MyJob1").usingJobData("FloatJobValue", 3.14F).build();
// 创建一个Trigger实例，定义该job立即执行，并且每隔两秒钟重复执行一次，直到永远
Trigger triger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
.withIdentity("myTrigger", "group1")
.usingJobData("message","hello myTrigger1")
.usingJobData("DoubleTriggerValue",2.0D)
.startNow()
.withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule().withIntervalInSeconds(2).repeatForever()).build();
// 创建Scheduler实例
SchedulerFactory sfact = new StdSchedulerFactory();
Scheduler scheduler = sfact.getScheduler();
scheduler.start();
Date date = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat sf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
System.out.println("Current Exec Time Is :" + sf.format(date));
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, triger);
}
}三.浅谈Trigger
Trigger是什么？
Quartz中的触发器用来告诉调度程序作业什么时候触发。即Trigger对象是用来触发执行Job的。
触发器通用属性：
JobKey：表示job实例的标识，触发器被触发时，该指定的job实例会执行。
StartTime：表示触发器的时间表首次被触发的时间。它的值的类型是Java.util.Date
EndTime:指定触发器的不再被触发的时间。它的值的类型是Java.util.Date。
HelloJob类
package HelloQuartz.helloQuartz;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.naming.Context;
import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobDataMap;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.quartz.JobKey;
import org.quartz.Trigger;
import org.quartz.TriggerKey;
public class HelloJob implements Job {
private String message;
private Float FloatJobValue;
private Double DoubleTriggerValue;
/**
* @return the message
*/
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
/**
* @param message the message to set
*/
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
/**
* @return the floatJobValue
*/
public Float getFloatJobValue() {
return FloatJobValue;
}
/**
* @param floatJobValue the floatJobValue to set
*/
public void setFloatJobValue(Float floatJobValue) {
FloatJobValue = floatJobValue;
}
/**
* @return the doubleTriggerValue
*/
public Double getDoubleTriggerValue() {
return DoubleTriggerValue;
}
/**
* @param doubleTriggerValue the doubleTriggerValue to set
*/
public void setDoubleTriggerValue(Double doubleTriggerValue) {
DoubleTriggerValue = doubleTriggerValue;
}
public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
// 打印当前的执行时间，格式为2017-01-01 00：00:00
Date date = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat sf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
System.out.println("Current Exec Time Is :" + sf.format(date));
Trigger currentTrigger = context.getTrigger();
System.out.println("Start Time is :" +currentTrigger.getStartTime());
System.out.println("End Time is :"+currentTrigger.getEndTime());
JobKey jobKey = currentTrigger.getJobKey();
System.out.println("JobKey info ---"+"JobName:"+jobKey.getName()+"jobGroup:"+jobKey.getGroup());
}
}
HelloScheduler类
package HelloQuartz.helloQuartz;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import org.quartz.JobBuilder;
import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerException;
import org.quartz.SchedulerFactory;
import org.quartz.SimpleScheduleBuilder;
import org.quartz.Trigger;
import org.quartz.TriggerBuilder;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
public class HelloScheduler {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {
Date date = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat sf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
System.out.println("Current Exec Time Is :" + sf.format(date));
// 创建一个JobDetail示例，将该示例与HelloJob Class绑定
JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(HelloJob.class).withIdentity("myJob").build();
//获取距离当前时间3秒后的时间
date.setTime(date.getTime()+3000);
//获取距离当前时间6秒后的时间
Date endDate = new Date();
endDate.setTime(endDate.getTime()+6000);
// 创建一个Trigger实例，定义该job立即执行，并且每隔两秒钟重复执行一次，直到永远
Trigger triger = TriggerBuilder
.newTrigger()
.withIdentity("myTrigger", "group1")
.startAt(date)
.endAt(endDate)
.withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule().withIntervalInSeconds(2).repeatForever()).build();
// 创建Scheduler实例
SchedulerFactory sfact = new StdSchedulerFactory();
Scheduler scheduler = sfact.getScheduler();
scheduler.start();
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, triger);
}
}