SpringMVC学习
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SpringMVC学习
1. SpringMVC介绍
Spring Web MVC是基于Servlet API构建的原始Web框架，从一开始就已包含在Spring Framework中。 正式名称“ Spring Web MVC”来自其源模块的名称（spring-webmvc），但它通常被称为“ Spring MVC”。
SpringMVC结构如下：
2. 开始SpringMVC
2.1 添加maven依赖
pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logginggroupId>
<artifactId>commons-loggingartifactId>
<version>1.2version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibabagroupId>
<artifactId>fastjsonartifactId>
<version>1.2.62version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-apiartifactId>
<version>4.0.1version>
<scope>providedscope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jspgroupId>
<artifactId>jsp-apiartifactId>
<version>2.1version>
<scope>providedscope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstlgroupId>
<artifactId>jstlartifactId>
<version>1.2version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstlgroupId>
<artifactId>jstl-apiartifactId>
<version>1.2version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.webgroupId>
<artifactId>jstl-implartifactId>
<version>1.2version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
<version>5.2.6.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-webartifactId>
<version>5.2.6.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-contextartifactId>
<version>5.2.6.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
2.2 编写SpringMVC分发器
web.xml
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Applicationdisplay-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvcdemoservlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1load-on-startup>
servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvcdemoservlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.dourl-pattern>
servlet-mapping>
web-app>
2.3 编写Controller
HelloController.java
package edu.mju.controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class HelloController implements Controller {
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
//封装要显示到视图中的数据
modelAndView.addObject("msg","Hello,SpringMVC!");
//视图名
modelAndView.setViewName("HelloMsg");
return modelAndView;
}
}
2.4 编写SpringMVC配置文件
-
- 配置HandlerMapping
-
- 配置HandlerAdapter
-
- 配置渲染器
-
- 配置请求和处理器
springmvcdemo-servlet.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<bean id="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
<bean id="handlerAdapter" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
<bean id="jspviewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
bean>
<bean name="/hello.do" class="edu.mju.controller.HelloController"/>
beans>
2.5 编写视图文件
HelloMsg.jsp
<%@page isELIgnored="false" %>
${msg}
2.6 总结
2.6.1 要点
-
modelAndView.setViewName("HelloMsg")视图名与视图文件名一致，
-
DispatcherServlet是核心分发器。
-
- SpringMVC配置文件进行如下四步：
- 配置HandlerMapping
- 配置HandlerAdapter
- 配置渲染器
- 配置请求和处理器
- SpringMVC配置文件进行如下四步：
2.6.2 DispatcherServlet初始化参数表
| 参数 | 说明 |
|---|---|
contextClass |
实现ConfigurableWebApplicationContext的类，该Servlet将实例化并在本地配置它。默认情况下，使用XmlWebApplicationContext。 |
contextConfigLocation |
传递给上下文实例的字符串（由contextClass指定），以指示可以在哪里找到上下文。 该字符串可能包含多个字符串（使用逗号作为分隔符）以支持多个上下文。 对于具有两次定义的bean的多个上下文位置，以最新位置为准。 |
namespace |
WebApplicationContext的命名空间。默认为[servlet-name]-servlet。 |
throwExceptionIfNoHandlerFound |
在找不到请求的处理程序时是否引发NoHandlerFoundException。 然后可以使用HandlerExceptionResolver捕获该异常（例如，通过使用@ExceptionHandler控制器方法），然后将其作为其他任何异常进行处理。 默认情况下，它设置为false，在这种情况下，DispatcherServlet将响应状态设置为404（NOT_FOUND），而不会引发异常。 请注意，如果还配置了默认servlet处理，则始终将未解决的请求转发到默认servlet，并且永远不会引发404。 |
3. 使用注解开发
3.1 配置SpringMVC映射文件
在resources目录底下，新建mvc.xml文件，配置如下
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
https://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<bean id="jspviewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
bean>
<context:component-scan base-package="edu.mju.controller"/>
beans>
edu.mju.controller包底下的注解
3.2 使用注解编写Controller
HelloController2.java
package edu.mju.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
@Controller
public class HelloController2 {
@RequestMapping("/hello2")
public ModelAndView hello(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp){
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
//封装要显示到视图中的数据
modelAndView.addObject("msg","Hello,SpringMVC--annotation!");
//视图名
modelAndView.setViewName("HelloMsg2");
return modelAndView;
}
}
- @Controller:声明这是控制器
- @RequestMapping("/xxx"):请求映射到控制器方法
3.3 web.xml配置SpringMVC映射文件
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Applicationdisplay-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvcdemoservlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
<param-value>classpath:mvc.xmlparam-value>
init-param>
<load-on-startup>1load-on-startup>
servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvcdemoservlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.dourl-pattern>
servlet-mapping>
web-app>
初始化参数表参考上面2.6.2
3.4 在渲染器指定文件底下，新建JSP页面
<%@page isELIgnored="false" %>
${msg}
3.5 启动服务器
浏览器输入：http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/hello2.do
页面显示：Hello,SpringMVC–annotation! 则配置成功。
4. Controller配置总结
4.1 URL对应Bean方式
通过访问/hello.do，就会寻找name为/hello.do的Bean
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<bean id="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
<bean id="handlerAdapter" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
<bean id="jspviewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
bean>
<bean name="/hello.do" class="edu.mju.controller.HelloController"/>
beans>
4.2 URL分配Bean方式
该配置可适用通配符
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<prop key="/hello.do">helloControllerprop>
props>
property>
bean>
<bean id="helloController" class="edu.mju.controller.HelloController"/>
4.3 URL匹配Bean（Spring5已移除）
该方法在Spring5已被移除
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping"/>
<bean id="helloController" class="edu.mju.controller.HelloController"/>
4.4 注解方式
在SpringMVC配置文件中加入：
<context:component-scan base-package="edu.mju.controller"/>
在Controller中加入注解：
package edu.mju.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
@Controller
public class HelloController2 {
@RequestMapping("/hello2.do")
public ModelAndView hello(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp){
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
//封装要显示到视图中的数据
modelAndView.addObject("msg","Hello,SpringMVC--annotation!");
//视图名
modelAndView.setViewName("HelloMsg2");
return modelAndView;
}
}
5 结果跳转方式
5.1 通过ModelandView对象
通过设置ModelandView()对象，根据View的名称，和视图渲染器跳转到 指定页面。
指定页面：视图渲染器的前缀+视图名(ViewName)+视图渲染器的后缀
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
//封装要显示到视图中的数据
modelAndView.addObject("msg","Hello,SpringMVC--annotation!");
//视图名
modelAndView.setViewName("HelloMsg2");
5.2 通过ServletAPI对象
- HttpServletResponse输出语句
package edu.mju.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@Controller
public class HelloController3 {
@RequestMapping("/hello3.do")
public void hello(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {
resp.getWriter().println("hello,SpringMVC by HttpServlet api!");
}
}
- HttpServletResponse重定向
package edu.mju.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@Controller
public class HelloController3 {
@RequestMapping("/hello3.do")
public void hello(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {
//resp.getWriter().println("hello,SpringMVC by HttpServlet api!");
//重定向
resp.sendRedirect("index.jsp");
}
}
- HttpServletResponse请求转发
package edu.mju.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@Controller
public class HelloController3 {
@RequestMapping("/hello3.do")
public void hello(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException, ServletException {
//resp.getWriter().println("hello,SpringMVC by HttpServlet api!");
//重定向
//resp.sendRedirect("index.jsp");
//请求转发
req.getRequestDispatcher("index.jsp").forward(req,resp);
}
}
5.3 通过SpringMVC实现——不配置视图渲染器
5.3.1 转发实现（一）
package edu.mju.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class HelloController4 {
@RequestMapping("/hello4.do")
public String hello() {
//转发
return "index.jsp";
}
}
5.3.2 转发实现（二）
package edu.mju.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class HelloController4 {
@RequestMapping("/hello4.do")
public String hello() {
//转发1
//return "index.jsp";
//转发2
return "forward:index.jsp";
}
}
5.3.3 重定向
package edu.mju.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class HelloController4 {
@RequestMapping("/hello4.do")
public String hello() {
//转发1
//return "index.jsp";
//转发2
//return "forward:index.jsp";
//重定向
return "redirect:index.jsp";
}
}
5.4 通过SpringMVC实现——配置视图渲染器
5.4.1 请求转发
package edu.mju.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class HelloController5 {
@RequestMapping("/hello5.do")
public String hello() {
//请求转发
return "HelloMsg";
}
}
5.4.2 重定向
重定向不需要视图渲染器
package edu.mju.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class HelloController5 {
@RequestMapping("/hello5.do")
public String hello() {
return "redirect:index.jsp";
}
}
6 数据的处理
6.1 简单提交数据的处理
6.1.1 提交的域名称和处理方法的参数名称一致
DataController.java
package edu.mju.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class DataController {
@RequestMapping("/data.do")
public String data(String data){
System.out.println("数据："+data);
return "index.jsp";
}
}
这里的处理方法的参数为data,运行后在浏览器输入如下地址：
http://localhost:8080/springmvcdemo/data.do?data=数据
此时,后台会输出
数据：数据
6.1.2 提交的域名称和处理方法的参数名称不一致
添加@RequestParam("xxx")属性，xxx是提交的域的名称
DataController.java
package edu.mju.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
@Controller
public class DataController {
@RequestMapping("/data.do")
public String data(@RequestParam("datas") String data){
System.out.println("数据："+data);
return "index.jsp";
}
}
这里的处理方法的参数为data,运行后在浏览器输入如下地址：
http://localhost:8080/springmvcdemo/data.do?datas=123
此时,后台会输出
数据：123
6.2 复杂提交数据的处理
6.2.1 提交数据为对象
表单的域名和对象的属性名一致
User.java
package edu.mju.entity;
public class User {
private int id ;
private String name;
private String pwd;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPwd() {
return pwd;
}
public void setPwd(String pwd) {
this.pwd = pwd;
}
}
DataController.java
<!--其他地方一致-->
@RequestMapping("/user.do")
public String user(User user){
System.out.println(JSONObject.toJSONString(user));
return "index.jsp";
}
运行后在浏览器输入如下地址：
http://localhost:8080/springmvcdemo/user.do?name=labi&pwd=xiaoxin
此时,后台会输出
{
"id":0,"name":"labi","pwd":"xiaoxin"}
6.3 数据显示
通过ModelandView和ModelMap均可以将数据封装显示到视图层中。
区别：
- ModelandView需要视图解析器，可以指定跳转的视图。
- ModelMap不需要视图解析器，不可以指定跳转的视图。
6.3.1 通过ModelandView
通过该方法，需要配置视图渲染器
<bean id="jspviewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
bean>
HelloController.java
public class HelloController implements Controller {
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
//封装要显示到视图中的数据
modelAndView.addObject("msg","Hello,SpringMVC!");
//视图名
modelAndView.setViewName("HelloMsg");
return modelAndView;
}
}
这里的modelAndView.addObject("msg","Hello,SpringMVC!");相当于req.setAttribute("msg","Hello,SpringMVC!")。
6.3.2 通过ModelMap
ModelMap必须作为参数
DataController.java
<!--其他一致-->
@RequestMapping("/modelMap.do")
public String data(@RequestParam("datas") String data, ModelMap model){
model.addAttribute("data",data);
System.out.println("数据："+data);
return "index.jsp";
}
index.jsp
<%@page isELIgnored="false" %>
Hello World!index.jsp page
${ data }
运行后在浏览器输入如下地址：
http://localhost:8080/springmvcdemo/modelMap.do?datas=itdatas
运行结果如图：
6.4 乱码处理
在上面的数据处理时，当我们的数据为中文时，获取到的数据会出现乱码。
SpringMVC中，处理乱码通过过滤器来处理。
-
- 在web.xml添加如下代码
<filter> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilterfilter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilterfilter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encodingparam-name> <param-value>utf-8param-value> init-param> filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilterfilter-name> <url-pattern>/url-pattern> filter-mapping> -
- 页面编码统一为UTF8
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> -
- tomcat统一编码为UTF8
idea配置tomcat：VM options:
-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8
6.5 JSON处理
6.5.1 相关jar包
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.jaxrsgroupId>
<artifactId>jackson-jaxrs-json-providerartifactId>
<version>2.11.1version>
dependency>
6.5.2 配置json转换器
mvc.xml
<bean id="stringHttpMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8value>
list>
property>
bean>
<bean id="jackson2HttpMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter">
<property name="messageConverters">
<list>
<ref bean="stringHttpMessageConverter"/>
<ref bean="jackson2HttpMessageConverter"/>
list>
property>
bean>
6.5.3 Controller.java
package edu.mju.controller;
import edu.mju.entity.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
@Controller
public class JsonController {
@RequestMapping("/json.do")
@ResponseBody
public List<User> json(){
List<User> users = new ArrayList<User>();
users.add(new User(1,"one","ow"));
users.add(new User(2,"two","ow2"));
users.add(new User(3,"three","ow3"));
return users;
}
}
@ResponseBody:响应为主体内容
User.java
package edu.mju.entity;
public class User {
private int id ;
private String name;
private String pwd;
public User(int id, String name, String pwd) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.pwd = pwd;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPwd() {
return pwd;
}
public void setPwd(String pwd) {
this.pwd = pwd;
}
}
6.5.4 前端页面
<%@page isELIgnored="false" %>
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
Hello World!index.jsp page
${ data }
ID
用户名
密码
7 Restful风格
参考：https://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/restful-architecture.html
REST全称是Representational State Transfer，中文意思是表述（编者注：通常译为表征）性状态转移。 它首次出现在2000年Roy Fielding的博士论文中，Roy Fielding是HTTP规范的主要编写者之一。 他在论文中提到：“我这篇文章的写作目的，就是想在符合架构原理的前提下，理解和评估以网络为基础的应用软件的架构设计，得到一个功能强、性能好、适宜通信的架构。REST指的是一组架构约束条件和原则。” 如果一个架构符合REST的约束条件和原则，我们就称它为RESTful架构。
REST本身并没有创造新的技术、组件或服务，而隐藏在RESTful背后的理念就是使用Web的现有特征和能力， 更好地使用现有Web标准中的一些准则和约束。虽然REST本身受Web技术的影响很深， 但是理论上REST架构风格并不是绑定在HTTP上，只不过目前HTTP是唯一与REST相关的实例。 所以我们这里描述的REST也是通过HTTP实现的REST。
可以使用@PathVariable访问捕获的URI变量，如下面的示例所示
@GetMapping("/owners/{ownerId}/pets/{petId}")
public Pet findPet(@PathVariable Long ownerId, @PathVariable Long petId) {
// ...
}
您可以使用全局模式和通配符来映射请求：
| 符号 | 描述 | 案例 |
|---|---|---|
? |
匹配一个字符 | /pages/t?st.html=/pages/test.html=/pages/t3st.html |
* |
匹配路径段中的零个或多个字符 | /projects/*/versions=/projects/spring/versions≠/projects/spring/boot/versions |
** |
匹配零个或多个路径段，直到路径结束 | /resources/**=/resources/file.png=/resources/images/file.png |
{name} |
匹配路径段并将其捕获为名为name的变量 |
/projects/{project}/versions=/projects/spring/versions,project=spring |
{name:[a-z]+} |
将正则表达式[a-z] +匹配为一个名为"name的路径变量 |
/projects/{project:[a-z]+}/versions=/projects/spring/versions≠/projects/spring1/versions |
7.1 案例
DataController.java
package edu.mju.controller;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import edu.mju.entity.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
@Controller
public class DataController {
@RequestMapping("/{id}/{uid}/delete.do")
public String data(@PathVariable int uid,@PathVariable int id){
System.out.println("id="+id);
System.out.println("uid="+uid);
return "/index.jsp";
}
}
运行访问如下网址：
http://localhost:8080/springmvcdemo/1/2/delete.do
运行结果为：
id=1
uid=2
8 文件上传
8.1 导入文件上传jar包
pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-iogroupId>
<artifactId>commons-ioartifactId>
<version>2.7version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileuploadgroupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileuploadartifactId>
<version>1.4version>
dependency>
8.2 配置SpringMVC的解析器
mvc.xml
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"/>
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760000"/>
<property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960"/>
bean>
8.3 文件上传控制器
FileUploadController.java
package edu.mju.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartFile;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.*;
@Controller
public class FileUploadController {
@RequestMapping("/upload.do")
public String fileupload(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile files , HttpServletRequest req) throws IOException {
//获取文件名
String filename = files.getOriginalFilename();
//获取上传文件的路径
String path = req.getRealPath("/fileUpload");
System.out.println(path);
InputStream is = files.getInputStream();
OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(new File(path,filename));
int len = 0 ;
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
os.close();
is.close();
return "/index.jsp";
}
}
@RequestParam(xxx")：该注解必须加，且与jsp页面name相同
8.4 JSP文件上传页面
fileUpload.jsp
<%@page isELIgnored="false" %>
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
Hello World!index.jsp page
9 SpringMVC拦截器
9.1 实现HandlerInterceptor接口
MyIntercceptor.java
package edu.mju.interceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class MyIntercceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
/**
* 在请求处理的方法之前执行
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @return true:执行下一个拦截器 false:不执行下一个拦截器
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("------------------处理前------------------");
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/index.jsp");
return false;
}
/**
* 在请求处理的方法执行之后执行
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @param modelAndView
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("------------------处理后------------------");
}
/**
* 在DispatcherServlet处理后执行
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @param ex
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
}
}
9.2 配置拦截器
mvc.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
https://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
<bean class="edu.mju.interceptor.MyIntercceptor"/>
mvc:interceptor>
mvc:interceptors>
<context:component-scan base-package="edu.mju.controller"/>
beans>
9.3 实现简单登陆拦截器
9.3.1 实体类
User.java
package edu.mju.entity;
public class User {
private Integer id ;
private String name;
private String pwd;
public User(Integer id, String name, String pwd) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.pwd = pwd;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPwd() {
return pwd;
}
public void setPwd(String pwd) {
this.pwd = pwd;
}
}
这里的ID需要设置为Integer类型，否则为空时，无法类型转换！
9.3.2 自定义拦截器
LoginIntercceptor.java
package edu.mju.interceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.List;
public class LoginIntercceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
//允许通过的地址
private List<String> allowedAddress;
public void setAllowedAddress(List<String> allowedAddress) {
this.allowedAddress = allowedAddress;
}
public List<String> getAllowedAddress() {
return allowedAddress;
}
/**
* 在请求处理的方法之前执行
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @return true:执行下一个拦截器 false:不执行下一个拦截器
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
String url = request.getRequestURL().toString();
//判断session中是否有值
Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("user");
if(user!=null){
return true;
}
for(String temp:allowedAddress){
if(url.endsWith(temp)){
return true;
}
}
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/login.jsp");
return false;
}
/**
* 在请求处理的方法执行之后执行
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @param modelAndView
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("------------------处理后------------------");
}
/**
* 在DispatcherServlet处理后执行
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @param ex
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
}
}
9.3.3 配置拦截器
mvc.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
https://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
<bean class="edu.mju.interceptor.LoginIntercceptor">
<property name="allowedAddress">
<list>
<value>login.dovalue>
<value>login.jspvalue>
list>
property>
bean>
mvc:interceptor>
mvc:interceptors>
<bean id="stringHttpMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8value>
list>
property>
bean>
<bean id="jackson2HttpMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter">
<property name="messageConverters">
<list>
<ref bean="stringHttpMessageConverter"/>
<ref bean="jackson2HttpMessageConverter"/>
list>
property>
bean>
<context:component-scan base-package="edu.mju.controller"/>
beans>
9.3.4 编写控制器
UserController.java
package edu.mju.controller;
import edu.mju.entity.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
@Controller
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/login.do" , method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String login(User user, HttpSession session){
if("xiaoxin".equals(user.getName()) && "xiaoxin".equals(user.getPwd())){
session.setAttribute("user",user);
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
return "redirect:/login.jsp";
}
}
9.3.5 前端登陆页面
login.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
登陆界面
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