Chapter7 Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms

原文：个人博客

一.单选题

1
The ______ is defined as the isolation（隔离带） of a network environment from the rest of a communications network.
A
logical network perimeter
B
trust boundary
C
organizational boundary
D
Overlapping boundary

逻辑网络边界（logical networkperimeter）
被定义为将一个网络环境与通信网络的其他部分隔离开来，形成了一个虚拟网络边界，它包括并隔离了一组相关的基于云的IT资源，这些资源在物理上可能是分布式的。

该机制被用于：

*将云中的IT资源与非授权用户隔离

*将云中的IT资源与非用户隔离

*将云中的IT资源与云用户隔离

*控制被隔离IT资源的可用带宽

该机制包括：

（1）虚拟防火墙（virtual firewall）——一种IT资源，可以主动过滤被隔离网络的网络流量，并控制其与Internet的交互。

（2）虚拟网络（virtual network）——一般通过VLAN形成，这种IT资源用来隔离数据中心基础设施内的网络环境。

答案：A
2
Cloud storage device mechanisms（机制） provide common logical units of data storage, such as: _____
A
files and blocks
B
datasets
C
object
D
all

云存储等级
常见的数据存储逻辑单元：
（1）文件（file）——数据集合分组存放于文件夹中的文件里。

（2）块（block）——存储的最低等级，最接近硬件，数据块是可被独立访问的最小数据单位。

（3）数据集（dataset）——基于表格的、以分隔符分隔的或以记录形式组织的数据集合。

（4）对象（object）——将数据及其它相关的元数据组织为基于Web的资源。

答案：D

3
Resource replication _____
A
is defined as the creation of multiple instances of the same IT resource.
B
is typically performed when an IT resource’s availability and performance need to be enhanced.
C
is implemented by virtualization technology to replicate cloud-based IT resources.
D
all

复制被定义为对同一个IT资源创建多个实例，通常在需要加强IT资源的可用性和性能时执行。
使用虚拟化技术来实现资源复制（resource replication）机制可以复制基于云的IT资源。

答案：D
4
Typical ready-made environments include pre-installed IT resources, such as _____
A
databases
B
middleware
C
development and governance tools
D
all

ready-made environment 已就绪环境
典型的已就绪环境包括预安装的IT资源，如数据库、中间件，开发工具和管理工具。

答案：D
5
_____ is an intermediary(中间的，媒介的), event-driven program that exists as a service agent and resides along existing communication paths to transparently（显然的） monitor and analyze dataflows.
A
monitoring agent
B
resource agent
C
polling agent
D
usage agent

1 云使用监控
云使用监控机制是一种轻量级的自治软件程序，用于收集和处理IT资源的使用数据。
The cloud usage monitor mechanism is a lightweight and autonomous
software program responsible for collecting and processing IT resource
usage data.
2 监控代理（monitoring agent）
是一个中间的事件驱动程序，它作为服务代理驻留在已有通信路径上，对数据流进行透明的监控和分析。
3 资源代理（resource agent）
是一种处理模块，通过与专门的资源软件进行事件驱动的交互来收集使用数据。
A resource agent is a processing module that collects usage data by
having event-driven interactions with specialized resource software.
4 轮询代理（polling agent）
是一种处理模块，通过轮询IT资源来收集云服务使用数据。
A polling agent is a processing module that collects cloud service
usage data by polling IT resources.

答案：A

6
______ are used by cloud providers to share the same physical server with multiple cloud consumers by providing cloud consumers with individual virtual server instances.
A
Virtual servers
B
Hypervisors
C
VIMs
D
All

通过向云用户提供独立的虚拟服务器实例，云提供者使多个云用户共享同一个物理服务器。

答案：A

7
The ready-made environment mechanism is a defining component of the _____ cloud delivery model.
A
IaaS
B
PaaS
C
SaaS
D
all
答案：B read-made environment 主要提供基本环境

8
The primary motivation for using non-relational storage is to avoid the _____ that can be imposed(加强) by relational databases.
A
potential complexity（潜在的复杂性）
B
processing overhead（处理开销）
C
more horizontally scalable （更多水平拓展）
D
A and B

数据库存储接口
主要有两种类型：

（1）关系数据存储(Relation Data Storage)

关系数据库依靠表格，将相似的数据组织为行列形式。

Relational databases rely on tables to organize similar data into rows
and columns.

（2）非关系数据存储(Non-relation Data Storage)

非关系数据存储与传统关系数据库模型相比有较大差异，它采用更加松散的结构来存储数据，不强调定义关系和实现数据规范化。

Non-relational database storage established a “looser” structure for
stored data with less emphasis on defining relationships and realizing
data normalization.

答案：D

9
The number of virtual server instances is limited by .
A
the capacity of given physical server
B
Hypervisors
C
the number of cloud consumers
D
VIM
答案：A 虚拟服务器实例的数量守到物理服务器的容量的限制

10
Cloud usage monitors can exist in different formats ______ is not belong them.
A
monitoring agent
B
resource agent
C
usage agent
D
polling agent
答案：C 云使用代理是一种轻量的自治软件
11
Cloud storage device mechanisms provide common logical units of data storage. Which does not belong to logical units?
A
files
B
datasets
C
objects
D
tablesB
答案：D
12
What does a polling agent commonly record in the log database?
A
request message to a cloud service
B
new status of a cloud service
C
resource in usage
D
bandwidth consumption
答案：C

13
______ is used to implement the resource replication mechanism to replicate cloud-based IT resources.
A
multitenant
B
virtualization
C
service agent
D
VIM

答案：B
14
______ is utilized(被利用) by cloud consumers to remotely develop and deploy their own services and applications within a cloud.
A
Iaas
B
Paas
C
Saas
D
Public
答案：B ready made environment 是paas的一个组件
15
Where does a resource agent store the collected usage data?
A
cloud service
B
hypervisor
C
monitoring agent
D
log database
答案：D
如图所示

二.填空题

1
_____ is used to measure network traffic and message metrics（度量）

Monitoring Agent A monitoring agent is an intermediary, event-driven program that exists as a service agent and resides along existing
communication paths to transparently monitor and analyze dataflows
This type of cloud usage monitor is commonly used to measure network
traffic and message metrics.

答案： Monitoring Agent

2
______ is used to monitor usage metrics, such as initiating, suspending, resuming, and vertical scaling.

A resource agent is a processing module that collects usage data by
having event-driven interactions with specialized resource software
(Figure 2). This module is used to monitor usage metrics based on
pre-defined, observable events at the resource software level, such as
initiating, suspending, resuming, and vertical scaling.

答案：Resource Agent
3
______ is used to periodically monitor IT resource status, such as uptime and downtime

Polling Agent A polling agent is a processing module that collects
cloud service usage data by polling IT resources. This type of cloud
service monitor is commonly used to periodically monitor IT resource
status, such as uptime and downtime

答案：Polling Agent

三.判断题

1
A virtual server is a form of virtualization software that emulates（仿真） a physical server.

答案：正确
2
Cloud consumers that install or lease virtual servers cannot customize their environments independently from other cloud consumers.
答案：错误 可以定制云用户自己的环境
3
Non-relational databases rely on tables to organize similar data into rows and columns.
答案：错误 非关系型数据库不依赖表格

Relational databases rely on tables to organize similar data into rows
and columns

4
Non-relational database storage establishe a “looser” structure for stored data with less emphasis（重点） on defining relationships and realizing data normalization.
答案：正确
5
The cloud usage monitor mechanism is a lightweight and autonomous software program responsible for collecting and processing IT resource usage data.
答案：正确

6
A polling agent is a processing module that collects usage data by having event-driven interactions with specialized resource software.
答案：错误

A resource agent is a processing module that collects usage data by
having event-driven interactions with specialized resource software

7
A resource agent is a processing module that collects cloud service usage data by polling IT resources.b

答案：错误

A polling agent is a processing module that collects cloud service
usage data by polling IT resources.

8
The ready-made environment mechanism is a defining component of the IaaS cloud delivery model.
答案：错误 Paas

The ready-made environment mechanism is a defining component of the
PaaS cloud delivery model.

9
The ready-made environment represents a pre-defined, cloud-based platform comprised of a set of already installed IT resources, ready to be used and customized by a cloud consumer
答案：正确
10
These ready-made environments are utilized by cloud consumers to remotely develop and deploy their own services and applications within a cloud.
答案：正确

四.简答题

1
About the ready-made environment mechanism. Questions:

（1) What is the ready-made environment mechanism？
答案：
The ready-made environment represents a pre-defined, cloud-based platform comprised of a set of already installed IT resources, ready to be used and customized by a cloud consumer.

（2) Which cloud delivery model is it a defining component?
答案：
The ready-made environment mechanism is a defining component of the PaaS cloud delivery model.

（3) What do the cloud consumers utilize these environments to do?
答案：Cloud users use these environments to develop and configure their services and applications remotely in the cloud.

2
What is monitor agent? Please describe function of the monitoring agent in figure.

答案：A cloud service consumer sends a request message to a cloud service (1). The monitoring agent intercepts the message to collect relevant usage data (2) before allowing it to continue to the cloud service (3a). The monitoring agent stores the collected usage data in a log database (3b). The cloud service replies with a response message (4) that is sent back to the cloud service consumer without being intercepted by the monitoring agent (5).