.NET CORE3.1实现微信小程序发送订阅消息

一、appsettings.json定义小程序配置信息

"WX": {
  "AppId": "wx88822730803edd44",
  "AppSecret": "75b269042e8b5026e6ed14aa24ba9353",
  "Templates": {
  "Audit": {
    "TemplateId": "aBaIjTsPBluYtj2tzotzpowsDDBGLhXQkwrScupnQsM",
    "PageUrl": "/pages/index/formAudit?formId={0}&tableId={1}",
    "MiniprogramState": "developer",
    "Lang": "zh_TW",
    "Data": {
        "Title": "thing6",
        "Content": "thing19",
        "Date": "date9"
      }
    }
  },
  "SignatureToken": "aaaaaa",
  "MessageSendUrl": "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/subscribe/send?access_token={0}",
  "AccessTokenUrl": "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid={0}&secret={1}"
}

二、编写通用类加载配置

using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json;

namespace WXERP.Services
{
  /// 
  /// 项目公有静态类
  /// 
  public class Common
  {
    /// 
    /// 獲取根目錄
    /// 
    public static string AppRoot => Environment.CurrentDirectory;// AppContext.BaseDirectory;
    /// 
    /// 獲取項目配置
    /// 
    public static IConfiguration Configuration { get; set; }
    /// 
    /// 加載項目配置
    /// 
    static Common()
    {
      Configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder()
      .Add(new JsonConfigurationSource
      {
        Path = "appsettings.json",
        ReloadOnChange = true //当appsettings.json被修改时重新加载 
      })
      .Build();
    }

    /// 
    /// SHA1加密
    /// 
    /// 需要加密的字符串
    /// 返回40位大寫字符串
    public static string SHA1(string content)
    {
      try
      {
        SHA1 sha1 = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider();
        byte[] bytes_in = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(content);
        byte[] bytes_out = sha1.ComputeHash(bytes_in);
        sha1.Dispose();
        string result = BitConverter.ToString(bytes_out);
        result = result.Replace("-", "");
        return result;
      }
      catch (Exception ex)
      {
        throw new Exception("Error in SHA1: " + ex.Message);
      }
    }

  }
}

三、编写HttpHelper请求类

using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Headers;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace WXERP.Services
{
  /// 
  /// HTTP請求輔助類
  /// 
  public class HttpHelper
  {
    /// 
    /// post同步請求
    /// 
    /// 地址
    /// 數據
    /// application/xml、application/json、application/text、application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    /// 請求頭 
    /// 
    public static string HttpPost(string url, string postData = null, string contentType = null, Dictionary headers = null)
    {
      using HttpClient client = new HttpClient();

      if (headers != null)
      {
        foreach (var header in headers)
        client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add(header.Key, header.Value);
      }

      postData ??= "";
      using HttpContent httpContent = new StringContent(postData, Encoding.UTF8);
      if (contentType != null)
      httpContent.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue(contentType);

      HttpResponseMessage response = client.PostAsync(url, httpContent).Result;
      return response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
    }

    /// 
    /// post異步請求
    /// 
    /// 地址
    /// 數據
    /// application/xml、application/json、application/text、application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    /// 請求超時時間 
    /// 請求頭 
    /// 
    public static async Task HttpPostAsync(string url, string postData = null, string contentType = null, int timeOut = 30, Dictionary headers = null)
    {
      using HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
      client.Timeout = new TimeSpan(0, 0, timeOut);

      if (headers != null)
      {
        foreach (var header in headers)
        client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add(header.Key, header.Value);
      }

      postData ??= "";
      using HttpContent httpContent = new StringContent(postData, Encoding.UTF8);
      if (contentType != null)
        httpContent.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue(contentType);

      HttpResponseMessage response = await client.PostAsync(url, httpContent);
      return await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
    }

    /// 
    /// get同步請求
    /// 
    /// 地址
    /// 請求頭
    /// 
    public static string HttpGet(string url, Dictionary headers = null)
    {
      using HttpClient client = new HttpClient();

      if (headers != null)
      {
        foreach (var header in headers)
        client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add(header.Key, header.Value);
      }

      HttpResponseMessage response = client.GetAsync(url).Result;
      return response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
    }

    /// 
    /// get異步請求
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    public static async Task HttpGetAsync(string url, Dictionary headers = null)
    {
      using HttpClient client = new HttpClient();

      if (headers != null)
      {
        foreach (var header in headers)
        client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add(header.Key, header.Value);
      }

      HttpResponseMessage response = await client.GetAsync(url);
      return await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
    }

  }
}

四、在sqlserver下存储并获取openid,这个主要是因为提交消息并不是在微信小程序端,如果是在微信小程序上发起订阅消息,可以忽略这个步骤

// 创建数据库表

create table TBSF_Conmmunicate_WXUser
(
  ID int identity(1,1) primary key,
  Staff_ID varchar(10),
  OpenId varchar(50),
  SessionKey varchar(50),
  UnionId varchar(50),
  IsValid bit,
)

// SqlHelper数据库辅助类来自于CommunicationOperateDBUtility,可以自己编写

using System.Data;
using System.Text;
using CommunicationOperateDBUtility;

namespace WXERP.Services.CommunicationOperateDAL
{
  /// 
  /// 微信信息
  /// 
  public class WXInforDeal
  {
    private SqlHelper sqlHelper = null;
    /// 
    /// 初始化數據庫輔助對象
    /// 
    /// 
    public WXInforDeal(object con)
    {
      sqlHelper = new SqlHelper(con);
    }
    /// 
    /// 獲取微信登陸用戶信息
    /// 
    /// 工號
    /// 
    public DataSet GetLoginUserInfo(string staffIdList)
    {
      DataSet ds = new DataSet();
      StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
      stringBuilder.Append(" SELECT distinct OpenId FROM ");
      stringBuilder.Append(" TBSF_Conmmunicate_WXUser WHERE Staff_ID IN (");
      stringBuilder.Append(staffIdList);
      stringBuilder.Append(")");
      string strSql = stringBuilder.ToString();
      sqlHelper.DBRunSql(strSql, ref ds);
      return ds;
    }
  }
}

五、编写订阅消息基类模型

using System;
using System.Data;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using WXERP.Services.CommunicationOperateDAL;

namespace WXERP.Models
{
  /// 
  /// 訂閲消息請求模型
  /// 
  public class SubscribeMessageModel
  {
    /// 
    /// 初始化審核訂閲消息
    /// 
    /// 數據庫事務
    /// 下一個審核通知用戶工號
    public SubscribeMessageModel(object dbTransOrCnn, string nextAuditStaffId)
    {
      WXInforDeal wxInfoDeal = new WXInforDeal(dbTransOrCnn);
      DataSet wxUserInfo = wxInfoDeal.GetLoginUserInfo(nextAuditStaffId);
      if (wxUserInfo != null && wxUserInfo.Tables.Count > 0 && wxUserInfo.Tables[0].Rows.Count > 0)
      {
        Touser = wxUserInfo.Tables[0].Rows[0]["OpenId"].ToString();
      }
    }
    /// 
    /// 消息接收者的openid
    /// 
    [JsonProperty("touser")]
    public string Touser { get; set; }
    /// 
    /// 消息模板ID
    /// 
    [JsonProperty("template_id")]
    public string TemplateId { get; set; }
    /// 
    /// 點擊模板卡片后的跳轉頁面,僅限本小程序内的頁面,支持帶參數(示例index?foo=bar),該字段不填則不跳轉
    /// 
    [JsonProperty("page")]
    public string Page { get; set; }
    /// 
    /// 跳轉小程序類型:developer開發版、trial體驗版、formal正式版,默认为正式版
    /// 
    [JsonProperty("miniprogram_state")]
    public string MiniprogramState { get; set; }
    /// 
    /// 進入小程序查看的語言類型,支持zh_CN(簡體中文)、en_US(英文)、zh_HK(繁體中文)、zh_TW(繁體中文),默認為zh_CN
    /// 
    [JsonProperty("lang")]
    public string Lang { get; set; }
    /// 
    /// 模板内容
    /// 
    [JsonProperty("data")]
    public Dictionary Data { get; set; }
  }
  /// 
  /// 模板内容關鍵字
  /// 
  public class DataValue
  {
    /// 
    /// 訂閲消息參數值
    /// 
    [JsonProperty("value")]
    public string Value { get; set; }
  }

  /// 
  /// 小程序訂閲消息響應模型
  /// 
  public class SubscribeMsgResponseModel
  {
    /// 
    /// 錯誤代碼
    /// 
    public int Errcode { get; set; }
    /// 
    /// 錯誤信息
    /// 
    public string Errmsg { get; set; }
  }

  /// 
  /// 小程序獲取token響應模型
  /// 
  public class AccessTokenResponseModel
  {
    /// 
    /// 小程序訪問token
    /// 
    public string Access_token { get; set; }
    /// 
    /// Token過期時間,單位秒
    /// 
    public int Expires_id { get; set; }
    /// 
    /// Token創建時間
    /// 
    public DateTime Create_time { get; set; }
    /// 
    /// 刷新以後的Token
    /// 
    public string Refresh_token { get; set; }
    /// 
    /// 小程序用戶唯一標識,如果用戶未關注公衆號,訪問公衆號網頁也會產生
      /// 
    public string Openid { get; set; }
    /// 
    /// 用戶授權的作用域,使用逗號分隔
    /// 
    public string Scope { get; set; }
  }

}

六、实现消息订阅基类,下面的SetTemplateData方法根据自己的情况设置需要推送消息的内容,如果以后有其他订阅消息模板,新增一个类实现SubscribeMessageModel

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using BestSoft.Common.Resources;
using BSFWorkFlow.Common.GeneralUtility;
using WXERP.Models;

namespace WXERP.Services.SubscribeMessage
{
  /// 
  /// 審核訂閲消息
  /// 
  public class AuditSubscribeMessage : SubscribeMessageModel
  {
    private string page;
    private string lang;
    private Dictionary data;
    /// 
    /// 設置小程序OpenId
    /// 
    /// 數據庫事務
    /// 下一個審核通知用戶工號
    public AuditSubscribeMessage(object dbTransOrCnn, string nextAuditStaffId)
    : base(dbTransOrCnn, nextAuditStaffId)
    {

    }
    /// 
    /// 消息模板ID
    /// 
    [JsonProperty("template_id")]
    public new string TemplateId => Common.Configuration["WX:Templates:Audit:TemplateId"];

    /// 
    /// 設置小程序訂閲消息跳轉頁面
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    public void SetPageUrl(string formId, string tableId)
    {
      Page = string.Format(Common.Configuration["WX:Templates:Audit:PageUrl"],
      formId, tableId);
    }
    /// 
    /// 點擊模板卡片后的跳轉頁面
    /// 
    [JsonProperty("page")]
    public new string Page
    {
      get
      {
        return page;
      }
      set
      {
        page = value;
        return;
      }
    }
    /// 
    /// 跳轉小程序類型
    /// 
    [JsonProperty("miniprogram_state")]
    public new string MiniprogramState => Common.Configuration["WX:Templates:Audit:MiniprogramState"];
    /// 
    /// 進入小程序查看的語言類型,支持zh_CN(簡體中文)、en_US(英文)、zh_HK(繁體中文)、zh_TW(繁體中文),默認為zh_CN
    /// 
    [JsonProperty("lang")]
    public new string Lang
    {
      get
      {
        lang = Common.Configuration["WX:Templates:Audit:Lang"];
        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(MyHttpContext.Current.Request.Headers["bsLanKind"]))
        lang = MyHttpContext.Current.Request.Headers["bsLanKind"];

        return lang;
      }
      set
      {
        lang = value;
        return;
      }
    }
    /// 
    /// 設置審核訂閲消息數據
    /// 
    /// 審核動作:通過、否決、作廢、退回
    /// 審核狀態:1代表審核完畢
    /// 審核標題
    public void SetTemplateData(WFAuditOperation operation, WFAuditItemStatus itemAuditStatus, string currentWorkflowName)
    {
      string tip_msg = "";
      switch (operation)
      {
        case WFAuditOperation.AuditPassAndAgree:
          if (itemAuditStatus == WFAuditItemStatus.SuccessfulToFinishAllAudits)
            tip_msg = GeneralFunction.ReplaceNullOrEmptyStr(SourcesWarehouse.GetStringSources("WFEngine_FinishAuditTip"), "您的單據已審核完成!");
          else
            tip_msg = GeneralFunction.ReplaceNullOrEmptyStr(SourcesWarehouse.GetStringSources("WFEngine_AuditAgreeTip"), "您有一筆新單據待審核!");
        break;
        case WFAuditOperation.AuditPassButDegree:
          tip_msg = GeneralFunction.ReplaceNullOrEmptyStr(SourcesWarehouse.GetStringSources("WFEngine_AuditDegreeTip"), "您提交的單據等待異議!");
        break;
        case WFAuditOperation.AuditAbort:
          tip_msg = GeneralFunction.ReplaceNullOrEmptyStr(SourcesWarehouse.GetStringSources("WFEngine_AuditAbortTip"), "您提交的單據已被作廢!");
        break;
        case WFAuditOperation.AuditBack:
          tip_msg = GeneralFunction.ReplaceNullOrEmptyStr(SourcesWarehouse.GetStringSources("WFEngine_AuditBackTip"), "您提交的單據已被退回修正!");
        break;
      }

      string title = Common.Configuration["WX:Templates:Audit:Data:Title"];
      string content = Common.Configuration["WX:Templates:Audit:Data:Content"];
      string date = Common.Configuration["WX:Templates:Audit:Data:Date"];
      Dictionary data = new Dictionary()
      {
        {title, new DataValue{ Value= currentWorkflowName }},
        {content, new DataValue{ Value= tip_msg }},
        {date, new DataValue{ Value= DateTime.Now.ToShortDateString() }}
      };

      Data = data;
    }
    /// 
    /// 審核訂閲消息數據
    /// 
    [JsonProperty("data")]
    public new Dictionary Data
    {
      get
      {
        return data;
      }
      set
      {
        data = value;
        return;
      }
    }

  }
}

七、编写发送订阅消息,消息推送配置签名认证

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using WXERP.Models;

namespace WXERP.Services
{
  /// 
  /// 系統消息上下文
  /// 
  public class MessageContext
  {
    /// 
    /// 獲取AccessToken的全局鎖
    /// 
    private readonly static object SyncLock = new object();

    private static Dictionary tokenCache = new Dictionary();

    /// 
    /// 發送訂閲消息
    /// 
    /// 消息内容
    /// 可能由於獲取的token錯誤
    /// 
    public static bool SendSubscribeMsg(SubscribeMessageModel msg, out string errMsg)
    {
      errMsg = "";
      try
      {
        string token = GetAccessToken();
        if (token.Length < 20)
        {
          errMsg = "Failed to send subscription message, Access token error!";
          return false;
        }
        string url = string.Format(Common.Configuration["WX:MessageSendUrl"], token);
        string requestJson = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(msg);
        string responseJson = HttpHelper.HttpPost(url, requestJson, "application/json", null);

        var msgResponse = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(responseJson);
        if (msgResponse.Errcode != 0)
        {
          errMsg = string.Format("Failed to send subscription message, {0}", msgResponse.Errmsg);
          return false;
        }
      }
      catch (Exception exp)
      {
        throw new Exception("SendSubscribeMsg: " + exp.Message);
      }
      return true;
    }

    /// 
    /// 獲取小程序訪問token
    /// 
    /// 
    private static string GetAccessToken()
    {
      lock (SyncLock)
      {
        string appid = Common.Configuration["WX:AppId"];
        string appsecret = Common.Configuration["WX:AppSecret"];
        string accessTokenUrl = string.Format(Common.Configuration["WX:AccessTokenUrl"], appid, appsecret);

        AccessTokenResponseModel result = null;
        if (tokenCache.ContainsKey(appid))
          result = tokenCache[appid];

        if (result == null)
        {
          string responseJson = HttpHelper.HttpGet(accessTokenUrl, null);
          result = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(responseJson);
          result.Create_time = DateTime.Now;
          tokenCache.Add(appid, result);
        }
        else if (DateTime.Compare(result.Create_time.AddSeconds(result.Expires_id), DateTime.Now) < 1)
        {
          string responseJson = HttpHelper.HttpGet(accessTokenUrl, null);
          result = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(responseJson);
          result.Create_time = DateTime.Now;
          tokenCache[appid] = result;
        }
        return result.Access_token;
      }
    }

    /// 
    /// 驗證消息來自於微信服務器
    /// 
    /// 微信加密簽名,signature結合了開發者填寫的token、timestamp、nonce
    /// 時間戳
    /// 隨機數
    /// 
    public async Task CheckSignature(string signature, string timestamp, string nonce)
    {
      string token = Common.Configuration["WX:SignatureToken"];
      string[] tmpArr = { token, timestamp, nonce };
      Array.Sort(tmpArr);
      string tmpStr = string.Join("", tmpArr);
      tmpStr = Common.SHA1(tmpStr);

      if (!tmpStr.Equals(signature, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
        return false;

      await Task.CompletedTask;
      return true;
    }

  }
}

八、编写消息推送配置签名认证控制器

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using WXERP.Services;

namespace WXERP.Controllers
{
  /// 
  /// 消息控制器
  /// 
  [Route("api/[controller]")]
  [ApiController]
  public class MessageController : ControllerBase
  {
    private readonly MessageContext _context;
    /// 
    /// 初始化消息
    /// 
    public MessageController()
    {
      _context = new MessageContext();
    }

    /// 微信消息
    /// 驗證消息來自於微信服務器
    /// 微信加密簽名,signature結合了開發者填寫的token、timestamp、nonce
    /// 時間戳
    /// 隨機數
    /// 隨機字符串
    /// 
    [HttpGet("checkSignature")]
    [AllowAnonymous]
    public async void CheckSignature(string signature,string timestamp,string nonce,string echostr)
    {
      bool result = await _context.CheckSignature(signature, timestamp, nonce);
      if (result)
      {
        HttpContext.Response.ContentType = "text/plain; charset=utf-8";
        await HttpContext.Response.WriteAsync(echostr);
      }
      else
      {
        HttpContext.Response.StatusCode = 409;
        HttpContext.Response.ContentType = "text/plain; charset=utf-8";
        await HttpContext.Response.WriteAsync("error");
      }
    }

  }
}

九、调用小程序订阅消息,需要自己实现其他逻辑

//@iFormSaveDAL.GetTran 数据库链接事务,如果发送消息失败,应该回滚提交的表单数据
//@wFControl.NextAuditNotifyStaffIDStr 下一个审核用户的工号
//@auditPageData.FormID 表单编号
//@auditPageData.MainRecordID 表单数据ID
//@operationByCode 一个枚举类型,前端传递的:审核通过、作废、退回等
//@wFControl.ItemAuditStatus 一个枚举类型,如果全部审核完毕为1,否则为0
//@wFControl.CurrentWorkflowName 当前流程的名称,例如:请假单审核
//@SaveAfterInfo 全局字符变量,用于保存结果信息

AuditSubscribeMessage auditMsg = new AuditSubscribeMessage(iFormSaveDAL.GetTran, wFControl.NextAuditNotifyStaffIDStr);
auditMsg.SetPageUrl(auditPageData.FormID, auditPageData.MainRecordID);
auditMsg.SetTemplateData(operationByCode, wFControl.ItemAuditStatus, wFControl.CurrentWorkflowName);
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(auditMsg.Touser))
{
  if (!MessageContext.SendSubscribeMsg(auditMsg, out messageStr))
  {
    SaveAfterInfo = messageStr;
    return false;
  }
}

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