轻量级规则引擎easy-rules--参考
我们在写业务代码经常遇到需要一大堆if/else,会导致代码可读性大大降低,有没有一种方法可以避免代码中出现大量的判断语句呢?答案是用规则引擎,但是传统的规则引擎都比较重,比如开源的Drools,不适合在小需求中应用。最近在github上面看到一个傻瓜式的Java规则引擎Easy-Rules,这里结合自己写的demo介绍如何使用这个规则引擎,希望对大家有所帮助。
easy-rules的特点
- 轻量级类库和容易上手
- 基于POJO的开发与注解的编程模型
- 基于MVEL表达式的编程模型(适用于极简单的规则,一般不推荐)
- 支持根据简单的规则创建组合规则
- 方便且适用于java的抽象的业务模型规则
它主要包括几个主要的类或接口:Rule,RulesEngine,RuleListener,Facts还有几个主要的注解:@Action,@Condition,@Fact,@Priority,@Rule
例1:基于POJO开发与注解的编程模型:判断1-50中,被3或者8整除的数
- 首先maven 引入easy-rules
org.jeasy
easy-rules-core
3.3.0
org.jeasy
easy-rules-mvel
3.3.0
- 编写规则POJO:
规则1
@Rule(name = "被3整除", description = "number如果被3整除,打印:number is three")
public class ThreeRule {
/**
* Condition:条件判断注解:如果return true, 执行Action
*
* @param number
* @return
*/
@Condition
public boolean isThree(@Fact("number") int number) {
return number % 3 == 0;
}
/**
* Action 执行方法注解
*
* @param number
*/
@Action
public void threeAction(@Fact("number") int number) {
System.out.println(number + " is three");
}
/**
* Priority:优先级注解:return 数值越小,优先级越高
*
* @return
*/
@Priority
public int getPriority() {
return 1;
}
}
规则2
@Rule(name = "被8整除")
public class EightRule {
/**
* 条件
*
* @param number
* @return
*/
@Condition
public boolean isEight(@Fact("number") int number) {
return number % 8 == 0;
}
/**
* 满足条件的动作
*
* @param number
*/
@Action
public void eightAction(@Fact("number") int number) {
System.out.println(number + " is eight");
}
/**
* 条件判断的优先级
*
* @return
*/
@Priority
public int getPriority() {
return 2;
}
}
规则3(组合规则-同时执行)
@Rule(name = "被3和8同时整除", description = "这是一个组合规则")
public class ThreeEightRuleUnitGroup extends UnitRuleGroup {
public ThreeEightRuleUnitGroup(Object... rules) {
for (Object rule : rules) {
addRule(rule);
}
}
@Override
public int getPriority() {
return 0;
}
}
规则4
@Rule(name = "既不被3整除也不被8整除", description = "打印number自己")
public class OtherRule {
@Condition
public boolean isOther(@Fact("number") int number){
return number % 3 != 0 || number % 8 != 0;
}
@Action
public void printSelf(@Fact("number") int number){
System.out.print(number);
}
@Priority
public int getPriority(){
return 3;
}
}
- 执行规则
public class ThreeEightRuleLauncher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
/**
* 创建规则执行引擎
* 注意: skipOnFirstAppliedRule意思是,只要匹配到第一条规则就跳过后面规则匹配
*/
RulesEngineParameters parameters = new
RulesEngineParameters().skipOnFirstAppliedRule(true);
RulesEngine rulesEngine = new DefaultRulesEngine(parameters);
//创建规则
Rules rules = new Rules();
rules.register(new EightRule());
rules.register(new ThreeRule());
rules.register(new ThreeEightRuleUnitGroup(new EightRule(), new ThreeRule()));
rules.register(new OtherRule());
Facts facts = new Facts();
for (int i=1 ; i<=50 ; i++){
//规则因素,对应的name,要和规则里面的@Fact 一致
facts.put("number", i);
//执行规则
rulesEngine.fire(rules, facts);
System.out.println();
}
}
}
例2:基于MVEL表达式的编程模型
本例演示如何使用MVEL表达式定义规则,MVEL通过Easy-Rules MVEL模块提供。此模块包含使用MVEL定义规则的API。我们将在这里使用这些API,其目标是实现一个简单的商店应用程序,要求如下:禁止儿童购买酒精,成年人的最低法定年龄为18岁。 商店顾客由Person类定义:
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Person {
private String name;
private boolean adult;
private int age;
//getter, setter 省略
public Person(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
}
我们定义两个规则:
- 规则1:可以更新Person实例,判断年龄是否大于18岁,并设置成人标志。
- 规则2:判断此人是否为成年人,并拒绝儿童(即非成年人)购买酒精。
显然,规则1的优先级要大于规则2,我们可以设置规则1的Priority为1,规则2的Priority为2,这样保证规则引擎在执行规则的时候,按优先级的顺序执行规则。
规则1的定义
Rule ageRule = new MVELRule()
.name("age rule")
.description("Check if person's age is > 18 and marks the person as adult")
.priority(1)
.when("person.age > 18")
.then("person.setAdult(true);");
规则2的定义,我们放到alcohol-rule.yml文件中
name: "alcohol rule"
description: "children are not allowed to buy alcohol"
priority: 2
condition: "person.isAdult() == false"
actions:
- "System.out.println(\"Shop: Sorry, you are not allowed to buy alcohol\");"
- 执行规则
public class ShopLauncher {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//创建一个Person实例(Fact)
Person tom = new Person("Tom", 19);
Facts facts = new Facts();
facts.put("person", tom);
//创建规则1
Rule ageRule = new MVELRule()
.name("age rule")
.description("Check if person's age is > 18 and marks the person as adult")
.priority(1)
.when("person.age > 18")
.then("person.setAdult(true);");
//创建规则2
Rule alcoholRule = new MVELRuleFactory(new YamlRuleDefinitionReader()).
createRule(new FileReader(ResourceUtils.getFile("classpath:alcohol-rule.yml")));
Rules rules = new Rules();
rules.register(ageRule);
rules.register(alcoholRule);
//创建规则执行引擎,并执行规则
RulesEngine rulesEngine = new DefaultRulesEngine();
System.out.println("Tom: Hi! can I have some Vodka please?");
rulesEngine.fire(rules, facts);
System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(tom));
}
}
- 执行结果如下:本篇主要介绍easy-rules的使用
深入了解原理,可以查看github源码:https://github.com/j-easy/easy-rules