543. Diameter of Binary Tree

Given a binary tree, you need to compute the length of the diameter of the tree. The diameter of a binary tree is the length of the longest path between any two nodes in a tree. This path may or may not pass through the root.

Example:
Given a binary tree

          1
         / \
        2   3
       / \     
      4   5    

Return 3, which is the length of the path [4,2,1,3] or [5,2,1,3].

Note: The length of path between two nodes is represented by the number of edges between them.
这道题求二叉树的直径，并告诉了我们直径就是两点之间的最远距离，根据题目中的例子也不难理解题意。我们再来仔细观察例子中的那两个最长路径[4,2,1,3] 和 [5,2,1,3]，我们转换一种角度来看，是不是其实就是根结点1的左右两个子树的深度之和再加1呢。那么我们只要对每一个结点求出其左右子树深度之和，再加上1就可以更新结果res了。为了减少重复计算，我们用哈希表建立每个结点和其深度之间的映射，这样某个结点的深度之前计算过了，就不用再次计算了.

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
public class Solution {
       
    int diameter = 0;  
    public int diameterOfBinaryTree(TreeNode root) {  
        getDepth(root);  
        return diameter;  
    }  
    public int getDepth(TreeNode root){  
        if (root == null)  
            return -1;  
        int left = getDepth(root.left);  
        int right = getDepth(root.right);  
        int temp = left + right + 2;  
        if (temp > diameter)  
            diameter = temp;  
        return Math.max(left, right) + 1;  
    }  
}