asp.net高性能之路：无缝切换HttpRuntime.Cache与Memcached，附代码
概述
之前网站一直使用asp.net自带的cache，也就是HttpRuntime.Cache。这个的优点是进程内cache，效率非常高，同时对于缓存的对象可以直接获得
引用，并进行修改，不需要再进行清空缓存。但是使用HttpRuntime.Cache，无法进行扩展，也无法使用web园等等。
方案
之前有看dudu写的关于northscale memcached的文章，觉得很不错，故进行了一下尝试。由于初次使用，出问题的时候要能随时切换回HttpRuntime.Cache，
故使用了策略模式，实现无缝切换缓存模式的功能。Memcached的封装类请在https://github.com/enyim/EnyimMemcached/downloads进行下载，我使用的是Northscale.Store.2.8
接口
View Code
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Web;
/// <summary>
/// 缓存策略接口
/// </summary>
public interface ICacheStrategy
{
void AddObject(string objId, object o);
void AddObjectWithTimeout(string objId, object o, int timeoutSec);
void AddObjectWithFileChange(string objId, object o, string file);
//void AddObjectWithDepend(string objId, object o, string[] dependKey);
void RemoveObject(string objId);
object RetrieveObject(string objId);
int TimeOut { set; get; }
}
HttpRuntime.Cache实现类
View Code
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Caching;
/// <summary>
/// 默认的缓存策略，实现了缓存策略接口
/// </summary>
public class DefaultCacheStrategy : ICacheStrategy
{
private static readonly DefaultCacheStrategy instance = new DefaultCacheStrategy();
protected static volatile System.Web.Caching.Cache webCache = System.Web.HttpRuntime.Cache;
protected int _timeOut = 1; //默认缓存一分钟，也可以单独设置对象的超时时间
/// <summary>
/// Initializes the <see cref="DefaultCacheStrategy"/> class.
/// </summary>
static DefaultCacheStrategy()
{
//lock (syncObj)
//{
// //System.Web.HttpContext context = System.Web.HttpContext.Current;
// //if(context != null)
// // webCache = context.Cache;
// //else
// webCache = System.Web.HttpRuntime.Cache;
//}
}
public int TimeOut
{
set { _timeOut = value > 0 ? value : 6000; }
get { return _timeOut > 0 ? _timeOut : 6000; }
}
public static System.Web.Caching.Cache GetWebCacheObj
{
get { return webCache; }
}
public void AddObject(string objId, object o)
{
if (objId == null || objId.Length == 0 || o == null)
{
return;
}
CacheItemRemovedCallback callBack = new CacheItemRemovedCallback(onRemove);
if (TimeOut == 6000)
{
webCache.Insert(objId, o, null, DateTime.MaxValue, TimeSpan.Zero, System.Web.Caching.CacheItemPriority.High, callBack);
}
else
{
webCache.Insert(objId, o, null, DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(TimeOut), System.Web.Caching.Cache.NoSlidingExpiration, System.Web.Caching.CacheItemPriority.High, callBack);
}
}
public void AddObjectWithTimeout(string objId, object o, int timeoutSec)
{
if (objId == null || objId.Length == 0 || o == null || timeoutSec <= 0)
{
return;
}
CacheItemRemovedCallback callBack = new CacheItemRemovedCallback(onRemove);
webCache.Insert(objId, o, null, System.DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(timeoutSec), System.Web.Caching.Cache.NoSlidingExpiration, System.Web.Caching.CacheItemPriority.High, callBack);
}
public void AddObjectWithFileChange(string objId, object o, string file)
{
if (objId == null || objId.Length == 0 || o == null)
{
return;
}
CacheItemRemovedCallback callBack = new CacheItemRemovedCallback(onRemove);
CacheDependency dep = new CacheDependency(file);
webCache.Insert(objId, o, dep, Cache.NoAbsoluteExpiration, TimeSpan.FromHours(1), System.Web.Caching.CacheItemPriority.High, callBack);
}
//public void AddObjectWithDepend(string objId, object o, string[] dependKey)
//{
// if (objId == null || objId.Length == 0 || o == null)
// {
// return;
// }
// CacheItemRemovedCallback callBack = new CacheItemRemovedCallback(onRemove);
// CacheDependency dep = new CacheDependency(null, dependKey, DateTime.Now);
// webCache.Insert(objId, o, dep, System.DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(TimeOut), System.Web.Caching.Cache.NoSlidingExpiration, System.Web.Caching.CacheItemPriority.High, callBack);
//}
public void onRemove(string key, object val, CacheItemRemovedReason reason)
{
switch (reason)
{
case CacheItemRemovedReason.DependencyChanged:
break;
case CacheItemRemovedReason.Expired:
{
//CacheItemRemovedCallback callBack = new CacheItemRemovedCallback(this.onRemove);
//webCache.Insert(key, val, null, System.DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(TimeOut),
// System.Web.Caching.Cache.NoSlidingExpiration,
// System.Web.Caching.CacheItemPriority.High,
// callBack);
break;
}
case CacheItemRemovedReason.Removed:
{
break;
}
case CacheItemRemovedReason.Underused:
{
break;
}
default: break;
}
//TODO: write log here
}
public void RemoveObject(string objId)
{
//objectTable.Remove(objId);
if (objId == null || objId.Length == 0)
{
return;
}
webCache.Remove(objId);
}
public object RetrieveObject(string objId)
{
//return objectTable[objId];
if (objId == null || objId.Length == 0)
{
return null;
}
return webCache.Get(objId);
}
}
Memcached 实现类
View Code
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Web;
using NorthScale.Store;
using Enyim.Caching.Memcached;
/// <summary>
/// Summary description for EnyimMemcachedProvider
/// </summary>
public class EnyimMemcachedProvider
{
private static NorthScaleClient client;
static EnyimMemcachedProvider()
{
try
{
client = new NorthScaleClient();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
log4net.LogManager.GetLogger("SojumpLog").Info("EnyimMemcachedProvider", ex);
}
}
#region ICacheProvider Members
public void Add(string key, object value)
{
if (client != null)
{
client.Store(StoreMode.Set, key, value);
}
}
public void Add(string key, object value, int cacheSecond)
{
if (client != null)
{
client.Store(StoreMode.Set, key, value, new TimeSpan(0, 0, cacheSecond));
}
}
public object GetData(string key)
{
if (client == null)
{
return null;
}
return client.Get(key);
}
public void Remove(string key)
{
if (client != null)
{
client.Remove(key);
}
}
#endregion
}
策略类
View Code
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Web;
using System.Configuration;
/// <summary>
/// The caching manager
/// </summary>
public class CachingManager
{
private static ICacheStrategy cs;
private static volatile CachingManager instance = null;
private static object lockHelper = new object();
//private static System.Timers.Timer cacheConfigTimer = new System.Timers.Timer(15000);//Interval in ms
static CachingManager()
{
string type = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["CacheStrategy"];
if (type == "2")
cs = new MemCacheStrategy();
else
cs = new DefaultCacheStrategy();
////Set timer
//cacheConfigTimer.AutoReset = true;
//cacheConfigTimer.Enabled = true;
//cacheConfigTimer.Elapsed += new System.Timers.ElapsedEventHandler(Timer_Elapsed);
//cacheConfigTimer.Start();
}
private static void Timer_Elapsed(object sender, System.Timers.ElapsedEventArgs e)
{
//TODO:
}
public static CachingManager GetCachingService()
{
if (instance == null)
{
lock (lockHelper)
{
if (instance == null)
{
instance = new CachingManager();
}
}
}
return instance;
}
public virtual void AddObject(string key, object o)
{
if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(key) || o == null) return;
lock (lockHelper)
{
if (cs.TimeOut <= 0) return;
cs.AddObject(key, o);
}
}
public virtual void AddObject(string key, object o, int timeout)
{
if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(key) || o == null) return;
lock (lockHelper)
{
if (cs.TimeOut <= 0) return;
cs.AddObjectWithTimeout(key, o, timeout);
}
}
public virtual void AddObject(string key, object o, string file)
{
if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(key) || o == null) return;
lock (lockHelper)
{
if (cs.TimeOut <= 0) return;
cs.AddObjectWithFileChange(key, o, file);
}
}
public virtual object RetrieveObject(string objectId)
{
return cs.RetrieveObject(objectId);
}
public virtual void RemoveObject(string key)
{
lock (lockHelper)
{
cs.RemoveObject(key);
}
}
public void LoadCacheStrategy(ICacheStrategy ics)
{
lock (lockHelper)
{
cs = ics;
}
}
//public void LoadDefaultCacheStrategy()
//{
// lock (lockHelper)
// {
// cs = new DefaultCacheStrategy();
// }
//}
}
调用代码
string key ="test"
CachingManager cm = new CachingManager();
cm.AddObject(key,new Object(),60);//缓存对象60秒。
不足
Memcached无法使用CacheDependency，需要自己去进行处理。如你的缓存对象依赖于文件，则在文件修改时要直接清空缓存。
Memcached也无法清空某一类的缓存对象，有时因为数据库做了修改，你要清空key以activity_开头的一系列对象的话，是做不到的。
变通的方案是先将key加入到List或Dictionary中，如下代码：
View Code
public void ClearCacheByPattern(string pattern)
{
if(client!=null)
return;
object c = client.Get("globel_cacheitems");
if (c==null)
return;
List<string> cacheitems = (List<string>) c;
foreach (string cacheitem in cacheitems)
{
if (cacheitem.StartsWith(pattern))
{
client.Remove(cacheitem);
}
}
}
补充：感谢园友YLH对批量删除缓存的回复：
Memcached为了高性能而设计，功能少了很多。 如果内存不吃紧的话，批量删除缓存项，可以采用设置key分区，为分区加上版本号来解决。
要批量删除一个分区的缓存，只需要升级一下缓存分区的版本号即可。目前我们在项目中就是采用这种方案。
这个方案是目前批量删除缓存项的比较完美的方案了，多谢YLH!
如有什么问题，请在下面回复，大家一起讨论。