【LeetCode】399. 除法求值 结题报告 (python)

原题地址:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/evaluate-division/

题目描述:

给出方程式 A / B = k, 其中 A 和 B 均为代表字符串的变量, k 是一个浮点型数字。根据已知方程式求解问题,并返回计算结果。如果结果不存在,则返回 -1.0。

示例 :
给定 a / b = 2.0, b / c = 3.0
问题: a / c = ?, b / a = ?, a / e = ?, a / a = ?, x / x = ? 
返回 [6.0, 0.5, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0 ]

输入为: vector> equations, vector& values, vector> queries(方程式,方程式结果,问题方程式), 其中 equations.size() == values.size(),即方程式的长度与方程式结果长度相等(程式与结果一一对应),并且结果值均为正数。以上为方程式的描述。 返回vector类型。

基于上述例子,输入如下:

equations(方程式) = [ ["a", "b"], ["b", "c"] ],
values(方程式结果) = [2.0, 3.0],
queries(问题方程式) = [ ["a", "c"], ["b", "a"], ["a", "e"], ["a", "a"], ["x", "x"] ]. 
输入总是有效的。你可以假设除法运算中不会出现除数为0的情况,且不存在任何矛盾的结果。

 

解题方案:

解题的思路挺好的,对式子构建图结构的数据结构。每次查询时相当于在图中寻找一条路径:

class Solution:
    def calcEquation(self, equations: List[List[str]], values: List[float], queries: List[List[str]]) -> List[float]:
        from collections import defaultdict
        graph = defaultdict(set)
        weight = defaultdict()
        lookup = {}
        for idx,equ in enumerate(equations):
            graph[equ[0]].add(equ[1])
            graph[equ[1]].add(equ[0])
            weight[tuple(equ)] = values[idx]
            weight[(equ[1], equ[0])] = float(1 / values[idx])
        
        def dfs(start, end, visited):
            if(start, end) in weight:
                return weight[(start, end)]
            if start not in graph or end not in graph:
                return 0
            if start in visited:
                return 0
            visited.add(start)
            res = 0
            for tmp in graph[start]:
                res = (dfs(tmp, end, visited) * weight[(start, tmp)])
                if res != 0:
                    weight[(start,end)] = res
                    break
            visited.remove(start)
            return res
        
        res=[]
        for que in queries:
            tmp = dfs(que[0],que[1],set())
            if tmp == 0:
                tmp = -1.0
            res.append(tmp)
        return res
class Solution:
    def calcEquation(self, equations: List[List[str]], values: List[float], queries: List[List[str]]) -> List[float]:
        dic={}
        for (a,b),v in zip(equations,values):
            if a not in dic:
                dic[a]={b:v}
            else:
                dic[a][b]=v
            if b not in dic:
                dic[b]={a:1/v}
            else:
                dic[b][a]=1/v
            
        def dfs(a,b,f):
            if a not in dic or b not in dic:
                return -1.0
            elif b in dic[a]:
                return dic[a][b]
            else:
                visited=set()
                for i in dic[a]:
                    if i==f:
                        continue
                    if i not in visited:
                        visited.add(i)
                        v=dfs(i,b,a)
                        if v!=-1:
                            return dic[a][i]*v
            return -1
        return [dfs(a,b,None) for a,b in queries]
                

 

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