Python——Pandas

read_csv()

import pandas
food_info = pandas.read_csv("food_info.csv")
print(type(food_info)

output:
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
  • read_csv()返回的是一个DataFrame对象。
  • food_info.csv是一个food营养成分表格,每一行是一个food,每一列式一种营养成分,数值是含量。

head(n)

food_info = food_info.head(3)
dimensions = food_info.shape

output:
(3,36)

#此时创建了一个新的DataFrame对象
  • head(n)获取DataFrame的前n行,返回的是一个新的DataFrame.

Indexing

Pandas将文件的第一行当做列标签,将行号当做行标签。当对数据进行行索引的时候,返回的数据包含列标签和数值。当对数据进行列索引的时候,返回的数据包含行标签和数值。

Python——Pandas_第1张图片


dtypes

print(food_info.dtypes)
output:
NDB_No               int64
Shrt_Desc           object
Water_(g)          float64
...
FA_Mono_(g)        float64
FA_Poly_(g)        float64
Cholestrl_(mg)     float64
dtype: object
  • Pandas包含以下几种数据类型:

    • object - for representing string values.
    • int - for representing integer values.
    • float - for representing float values.
    • datetime - for representing time values.
    • bool - for representing Boolean values.
  • DataFrame.dtypes返回每一列的数据类型

loc[ n ]

#选择第100行
hundredth_row = food_info.loc[99]
print(hundredth_row)

output:
NDB_No                                  1111
Shrt_Desc          MILK SHAKES THICK VANILLA
Water_(g)                              74.45
...
FA_Mono_(g)                            0.875
FA_Poly_(g)                            0.113
Cholestrl_(mg)                            12
Name: 99, dtype: object
  • loc[list]:取出list值对应的行,或者loc[[1,4,6]]。loc[5:8]:取出5 6 7 行。

  • 选择多行的输出结果:

    NDB_No Shrt_Desc Water_(g) Energ_Kcal Protein_(g) \ 3
    1004 CHEESE BLUE 42.41 353 21.40 4
    1005 CHEESE BRICK 41.11 371 23.24 5
    1006 CHEESE BRIE 48.42 334 20.75

  • 注意:loc[ n ]选择行数据,返回的是列标签加数值

  • 返回列数据——直接是food_info[”列标签“]
    同理,取出多行food_info[list]或者food_info[[“标签1”,”标签2”]]

tolist()

#将列标签存储为列表形式
col_names = food_info.columns.tolist()

describe()

  • Returns

    summary: NDFrame of summary statistics

  • Notes

    The output DataFrame index depends on the requested dtypes:

    • For numeric dtypes, it will include: count, mean, std, min,max, and lower, 50, and upper percentiles.

    • For object dtypes (e.g. timestamps or strings), the index will
      include the count, unique, most common, and frequency of the most common. Timestamps also include the first and last items.

    • For mixed dtypes, the index will be the union of the corresponding
      output types. Non-applicable entries will be filled with NaN.

#该数据是titanic上的乘客的信息
titanic = pandas.read_csv("titanic_train.csv")
print(titanic.describe())

结果显示:
Python——Pandas_第2张图片
会发现,Age这一栏的count的值比其他的小,表Age有很多missing value,因此使用describe()可以帮助我们查看数据的详情,便于做出相应的处理。

fillna()

可以利用fillna()函数来填充缺省的数据,使用格式如下:

# 用中位数来填充缺省数据
titanic["Age"] = titanic["Age"].fillna(titanic["Age"].median())

unique()

titanic["Sex"].unique()
  • 上面返回的是该列取值范围,结果是[‘male’ ‘female’]
titanic.loc[titanic["Sex"] == "male", "Sex"] = 0
titanic.loc[titanic["Sex"] == "female", "Sex"] = 1
  • 将枚举类型的数据变为数值型,这样才可以进行机器学习,将性别替换为0,1.注意此处的用法,titanic[“Sex”] == “male”获取的是一个列向量,是male的行为True. 而titanic.loc[titanic[“Sex”] == “male”, “Sex”]得到的是Sex为male的那几行并且只包含”Sex”列数据,这扩展了前面的loc[],不只是获取某行,还可以同时确定获取某行的某列,具体细节自己去尝试。

apply()

This applies a function you pass in to each element in a dataframe or series. We can pass in a lambda function, which enables us to define a function inline.
Examples
——–
df.apply(numpy.sqrt) # returns DataFrame
df.apply(numpy.sum, axis=0) # equiv to df.sum(0)
df.apply(numpy.sum, axis=1) # equiv to df.sum(1)

  • 也就是apply这个函数的参数是个函数,然后将df也就是一个DataFrame对象的每一个元素传入到apply这个参数的函数里去迭代。

value_counts

Parameters
———-
values : ndarray (1-d)
sort : boolean, default True
Sort by values
ascending : boolean, default False
Sort in ascending order
normalize: boolean, default False
If True then compute a relative histogram
bins : integer, optional
Rather than count values, group them into half-open bins,
convenience for pd.cut, only works with numeric data
dropna : boolean, default True
Don’t include counts of NaN

Returns
——-
value_counts : Series

循环遍历DataFrame

for index, row in data.iterrows():    

index:数据的行号
row:包括标签和一行数据

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