pandas读写Excel文件

Python2

$ python
Python 2.7.16 (default, Jan 27 2020, 04:46:15) 
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 10.0.1 (clang-1001.0.37.14)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pandas as pd  # 0.24.2
>>> 
>>> datas = [{
     "one":5,"two":10,"three":15}] * 100000
>>> print('length:', len(datas))
('length:', 100000)
>>> df1 = pd.DataFrame(datas)
>>>
>>> # engine : str, optional
>>> # Write engine to use, ‘openpyxl’ or ‘xlsxwriter’. You can also set this via the options io.excel.xlsx.writer, io.excel.xls.writer, and io.excel.xlsm.writer.
>>> # 根据文件扩展名自动选择默认引擎
>>> # 保存为.xls文件报错，数据不能超过65536行
>>> df1.to_excel('test10.xls', index=False)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in <module>
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pandas/core/generic.py", line 2118, in to_excel
    engine=engine)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pandas/io/formats/excel.py", line 662, in write
    freeze_panes=freeze_panes)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pandas/io/excel.py", line 1720, in write_cells
    val, style)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/xlwt/Worksheet.py", line 1088, in write
    self.row(r).write(c, label, style)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/xlwt/Worksheet.py", line 1142, in row
    self.__rows[indx] = self.Row(indx, self)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/xlwt/Row.py", line 37, in __init__
    raise ValueError("row index was %r, not allowed by .xls format" % rowx)
ValueError: row index was 65536, not allowed by .xls format
>>> 
>>> # 保存为.xlsx文件
>>> df1.to_excel('test10.xlsx', index=False)
>>> 
>>>
>>> # 读取.xlsx文件，默认engine为xlrd
>>> # engine : string, default None
>>> #  If io is not a buffer or path, this must be set to identify io.
>>> #  Acceptable values are None or ``xlrd``.（可接受的值是None或' ' xlrd ' '。）
>>> df2 = pd.read_excel('test10.xlsx')
>>> df2.shape
(100000, 3)
>>> 
>>> # 无法指定engine为openpyxl
>>> df2 = pd.read_excel('test10.xlsx', engine='openpyxl')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in <module>
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pandas/util/_decorators.py", line 188, in wrapper
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pandas/util/_decorators.py", line 188, in wrapper
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pandas/io/excel.py", line 350, in read_excel
    io = ExcelFile(io, engine=engine)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pandas/io/excel.py", line 646, in __init__
    raise ValueError("Unknown engine: {engine}".format(engine=engine))
ValueError: Unknown engine: openpyxl
>>>
>>> 

Python3

读取xlsx文件需指定engine。

$ python                                                      
Python 3.7.8 (v3.7.8:4b47a5b6ba, Jun 27 2020, 04:47:50) 
[Clang 6.0 (clang-600.0.57)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 
>>> import pandas as pd  # 1.1.5
>>> 
>>>
# 如果io不是缓冲区或路径，则必须将其设置为标识io。
# 支持引擎:xlrd,openpyxl,odf,pyxlsb,默认xlrd。
# 引擎的兼容性:
# xlrd支持大多数旧/新的Excel文件格式。
# openpyxl支持更新的Excel文件格式。
# odf支持OpenDocument文件格式(.odf, .ods, .odt)。
# pyxlsb支持二进制Excel文件。
>>> df2 = pd.read_excel('test10.xlsx')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in <module>
  File "/Users/macminimd389/.virtualenvs/django3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pandas/util/_decorators.py", line 296, in wrapper
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/macminimd389/.virtualenvs/django3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_base.py", line 304, in read_excel
    io = ExcelFile(io, engine=engine)
  File "/Users/macminimd389/.virtualenvs/django3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_base.py", line 867, in __init__
    self._reader = self._engines[engine](self._io)
  File "/Users/macminimd389/.virtualenvs/django3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_xlrd.py", line 22, in __init__
    super().__init__(filepath_or_buffer)
  File "/Users/macminimd389/.virtualenvs/django3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_base.py", line 353, in __init__
    self.book = self.load_workbook(filepath_or_buffer)
  File "/Users/macminimd389/.virtualenvs/django3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_xlrd.py", line 37, in load_workbook
    return open_workbook(filepath_or_buffer)
  File "/Users/macminimd389/.virtualenvs/django3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/xlrd/__init__.py", line 170, in open_workbook
    raise XLRDError(FILE_FORMAT_DESCRIPTIONS[file_format]+'; not supported')
xlrd.biffh.XLRDError: Excel xlsx file; not supported
>>> 
>>> df2 = pd.read_excel('test10.xlsx', engine='openpyxl')
>>> df2.shape
(100000, 3)
>>> 
>>> 

pandas0.24.x系列将是最后一个支持Python 2的版本。未来的特性版本将只支持Python 3。
link

openpyxl
2.6.4最后一个支持Python 2的版本。
link