Python selenium自动化模拟12306登录 验证码识别 滑动滑块
模拟12306登录
验证码识别平台
本次选择超级鹰
https://www.chaojiying.com/
12306 验证码识别 价格体系
注册充值之后生成软件id（一元即可）
下载官方demo
官方demo.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:utf-8
import requests
from hashlib import md5
class Chaojiying_Client(object):
def __init__(self, username, password, soft_id):
self.username = username
password = password.encode('utf8')
self.password = md5(password).hexdigest()
self.soft_id = soft_id
self.base_params = {
'user': self.username,
'pass2': self.password,
'softid': self.soft_id,
}
self.headers = {
'Connection': 'Keep-Alive',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)',
}
def PostPic(self, im, codetype):
"""
im: 图片字节
codetype: 题目类型 参考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html
"""
params = {
'codetype': codetype,
}
params.update(self.base_params)
files = {
'userfile': ('ccc.jpg', im)}
r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.php',
data=params, files=files, headers=self.headers)
return r.json()
def ReportError(self, im_id):
"""
im_id:报错题目的图片ID
"""
params = {
'id': im_id,
}
params.update(self.base_params)
r = requests.post(
'http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php', data=params, headers=self.headers)
return r.json()
if __name__ == '__main__':
chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('username', 'password', '软件ID')
im = open('./chaojiying_Python/a.jpg', 'rb').read()
print(chaojiying.PostPic(im, 价格体系中的类型-9004))
测试图片
结果返回坐标
模拟12306登录
https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html
编码流程
selenium打开12306
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html')
输入用户名密码
driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/ul/li[2]/a').click()
driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="J-userName"]').send_keys(username)
driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="J-password"]').send_keys(password)
获取验证码图片
不能单独请求图片的url，请求之后图片就变了，和当前登录不匹配了。
采用截图的方法
方法一
截取全屏
driver.save_screenshot('code.jpg')
获取验证码图片的左上角、右下角坐标
img = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="J-loginImg"]')
location = img.location # 左上角坐标 x,y
size = img.size # 长 宽
rangle = (int(location['x']), int(location['y']),
int(location['x'])+size['width'], int(location['y'])+size['height'])
裁剪图片
导入裁剪图片的模块
py3+的安装
pip install pillow
from PIL import Image
img_code = Image.open('./selenium/img.png')
frame = img_code.crop(rangle)
frame.save('./selenium/code.png')
方法二
方法一太繁琐了，不适合懒人
一句搞定
直接定位验证码图片标签位置截图
driver.find_element_by_xpath(
'//*[@id="J-loginImg"]').screenshot('./selenium/code.png')
超级鹰识别验证码
chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('bobo328410948', 'bobo328410948', '910710')
im = open('./selenium/code.png', 'rb').read()
print(chaojiying.PostPic(im, 9004)['pic_str'])
动作链实现点击验证码
以某个元素为基准，定位
move_to_element_with_offset(ele, x, y)
处理验证码识别到的坐标为[ [x1, y1], [x2,y2], … ]
all_list = []
if '|' in result:
list_item = result.split('|')
count = len(list_item)
for i in range(count):
x_y = []
x = int(list_item[i].split(',')[0])
y = int(list_item[i].split(',')[1])
x_y.append(x)
x_y.append(y)
all_list.append(x_y)
else:
x_y = []
x = int(result.split(',')[0])
y = int(result.split(',')[1])
x_y.append(x)
x_y.append(y)
all_list.append(x_y)
print(all_list)
根据处理过的坐标，进行动作链操作
for l in all_list:
x = l[0]
y = l[1]
ActionChains(driver).move_to_element_with_offset(
img, x, y).click().perform()
time.sleep(0.5)
点击登录按钮
driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="J-login"]').click()
time.sleep(3)
滑动滑块
使用selenium滑动会被12306检测到，需要伪装一下
# 防止12306禁止selenium
script = 'Object.defineProperty(navigator,"webdriver",{get:()=>undefined,});'
driver.execute_script(script)
span = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="nc_1_n1z"]')
action = ActionChains(driver)
action.click_and_hold(span)
action.move_by_offset(350, 0).perform()
action.release()
大功告成
完整代码
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from chaojiying import Chaojiying_Client
from PIL import Image
from key import *
import time
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window() # 最大化浏览器
driver.get('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html')
# 防止12306禁止selenium
script = 'Object.defineProperty(navigator,"webdriver",{get:()=>undefined,});'
driver.execute_script(script)
time.sleep(1)
driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/ul/li[2]/a').click()
time.sleep(1)
driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="J-userName"]').send_keys(username)
driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="J-password"]').send_keys(password)
# 直接定位验证码图片标签位置截图
img = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="J-loginImg"]')
img.screenshot('./selenium/code.png')
# 获取验证码图片坐标
# driver.save_screenshot('./selenium/img.png')
# img = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="J-loginImg"]')
# location = img.location # 左上角坐标 x,y
# size = img.size # 长 宽
# rangle = (int(location['x']), int(location['y']),
# int(location['x'])+size['width'], int(location['y'])+size['height'])
# 根据坐标截取 验证码图片
# img_code = Image.open('./selenium/img.png')
# frame = img_code.crop(rangle)
# frame.save('./selenium/code.png')
# 超级鹰识别验证码 返回坐标值
chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('bobo328410948', 'bobo328410948', '910710')
im = open('./selenium/code.png', 'rb').read()
result = chaojiying.PostPic(im, 9004)['pic_str']
print(result)
# 动作链点击坐标
all_list = []
if '|' in result:
list_item = result.split('|')
count = len(list_item)
for i in range(count):
x_y = []
x = int(list_item[i].split(',')[0])
y = int(list_item[i].split(',')[1])
x_y.append(x)
x_y.append(y)
all_list.append(x_y)
else:
x_y = []
x = int(result.split(',')[0])
y = int(result.split(',')[1])
x_y.append(x)
x_y.append(y)
all_list.append(x_y)
print(all_list)
for l in all_list:
x = l[0]
y = l[1]
ActionChains(driver).move_to_element_with_offset(
img, x, y).click().perform()
time.sleep(0.5)
driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="J-login"]').click()
time.sleep(3)
span = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="nc_1_n1z"]')
action = ActionChains(driver)
action.click_and_hold(span)
action.move_by_offset(350, 0).perform()
action.release()
time.sleep(5)
driver.quit()