类变量/类方法/实例变量/实例方法
先补充一下以前写过的方法:
在javascript中,所有的方法都有一个call方法和apply方法.这两个方法可以模拟对象调用方法.它的第一个参数是对象,后面的
参数表示对象调用这个方法时的参数(ECMAScript specifies two methods that are defined for all functions, call()
and apply(). These methods allow you to invoke a function as if it were a method of some other object. The first
argument to both call() and apply() is the object on which the function is to be invoked; this argument becomes
the value of the this keyword within the body of the function. Any remaining arguments to call() are the values
that are passed to the function that is invoked).比如我们定义了一个方法f(),然后调用下面的语句:
f.call(o, 1, 2);
作用就相当于
o.m = f;
o.m(1,2);
delete o.m;
举个例子:
- function Person(name,age) {
- this.name = name;
- this.age = age;
- }
- var o = new Object();
- alert(o.name + "_" + o.age);
-
- Person.call(o,"sdcyst",18);
- alert(o.name + "_" + o.age);
-
- Person.apply(o,["name",89]);
- alert(o.name + "_" + o.age);
function Person(name,age) { //定义方法
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
var o = new Object(); //空对象
alert(o.name + "_" + o.age); //undefined_undefined
Person.call(o,"sdcyst",18); //相当于调用:o.Person("sdcyst",18)
alert(o.name + "_" + o.age); //sdcyst_18
Person.apply(o,["name",89]);//apply方法作用同call,不同之处在于传递参数的形式是用数组来传递
alert(o.name + "_" + o.age); //name_89
---------------------------------
实例变量和实例方法都是通过实例对象加"."操作符然后跟上属性名或方法名来访问的,但是我们也可以为类来设置方法或变量,
这样就可以直接用类名加"."操作符然后跟上属性名或方法名来访问.定义类属性和类方法很简单:
- Person.counter = 0;
- function Person(name,age) {
- this.name = name;
- this.age = age;
- Person.counter++;
- };
-
- Person.whoIsOlder = function(p1,p2) {
- if(p1.age > p2.age) {
- return p1;
- } else {
- return p2;
- }
- }
-
- var p1 = new Person("p1",18);
- var p2 = new Person("p2",22);
-
- alert("现在有 " + Person.counter + "个人");
- var p = Person.whoIsOlder(p1,p2);
- alert(p.name + "的年龄较大");
Person.counter = 0; //定义类变量,创建的Person实例的个数
function Person(name,age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
Person.counter++; //没创建一个实例,类变量counter加1
};
Person.whoIsOlder = function(p1,p2) { //类方法,判断谁的年龄较大
if(p1.age > p2.age) {
return p1;
} else {
return p2;
}
}
var p1 = new Person("p1",18);
var p2 = new Person("p2",22);
alert("现在有 " + Person.counter + "个人"); //现在有2个人
var p = Person.whoIsOlder(p1,p2);
alert(p.name + "的年龄较大"); //p2的年龄较大
prototype属性的应用:
下面这个例子是根据原书改过来的.
假设我们定义了一个Circle类,有一个radius属性和area方法,实现如下:
- function Circle(radius) {
- this.radius = radius;
- this.area = function() {
- return 3.14 * this.radius * this.radius;
- }
- }
- var c = new Circle(1);
- alert(c.area());
function Circle(radius) {
this.radius = radius;
this.area = function() {
return 3.14 * this.radius * this.radius;
}
}
var c = new Circle(1);
alert(c.area()); //3.14
假设我们定义了100个Circle类的实例对象,那么每个实例对象都有一个radius属性和area方法,
实际上,除了radius属性,每个Circle类的实例对象的area方法都是一样,这样的话,我们就可以
把area方法抽出来定义在Circle类的prototype属性中,这样所有的实例对象就可以调用这个方法,
从而节省空间.
- function Circle(radius) {
- this.radius = radius;
- }
- Circle.prototype.area = function() {
- return 3.14 * this.radius * this.radius;
- }
- var c = new Circle(1);
- alert(c.area());
function Circle(radius) {
this.radius = radius;
}
Circle.prototype.area = function() {
return 3.14 * this.radius * this.radius;
}
var c = new Circle(1);
alert(c.area()); //3.14
现在,让我们用prototype属性来模拟一下类的继承:首先定义一个Circle类作为父类,然后定义子类
PositionCircle.
- function Circle(radius) {
- this.radius = radius;
- }
- Circle.prototype.area = function() {
- return this.radius * this.radius * 3.14;
- }
-
- function PositionCircle(x,y,radius) {
- this.x = x;
- this.y = y;
- Circle.call(this,radius);
-
- }
- PositionCircle.prototype = new Circle();
-
- var pc = new PositionCircle(1,2,1);
- alert(pc.area());
-
-
- alert(pc.radius);
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- alert(pc.constructor);
-
-
-
-
- PositionCircle.prototype.constructor = PositionCircle
- alert(pc.constructor);