软件项目管理与过程改进BB平台第二章习题整理

1
Which observation is true of the agile approach to software development?
哪种观点对软件开发的敏捷方法是正确的？（P51）
a. An agile approach sets scope goals, but leaves time and cost goals flexible.
敏捷方法设置时间和成本目标，但并没有设置范围目标
b. In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration.
敏捷方法中，通过合作解决需求和方案
c. In the agile approach, requirements must be clearly expressed early in the life cycle.
敏捷方法可以用于任何需求未知或变化很快的环境中
d. Agile is a predictive model of software development.
敏捷并不是一种软件开发预测型的模型，而是基于迭代和增量
2
In which systems development life cycle do model developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously?
在哪个系统开发生命周期模型中，开发人员使用一个模型来同时生成功能需求和物理设计规范（P44）
a. RAD life cycle
b. Waterfall life cycle
c. Spiral life cycle
d. Prototyping life cycle
3
In what type of organizational structure do project managers have the most authority?
哪种组织架构中项目经理的权威性最高？（P36 表2-1）
a. Circular
b. Project
（项目型）
c. Matrix
d. Functional
职能型最低
4
Which perspective of an organization focuses on different groups’ roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management?
结构框架关注不同团队的角色和责任，以满足高层管理所设定的目标和政策
a. Human resources frame
b. Structural frame
c. Political frame
d. Symbolic frame
5
In which product life cycle the scope, schedule, and cost are determined early, and changes to scope are carefully managed?
在哪种产品生命周期中，范围、进度和成本都是提前确定的，并且对范围的更改进行仔细管理（P44）
a. Iterative
b. Incremental
c. Predictive
可预测生命周期
d. Adaptive
6
Which of the following is true of the project life cycle?
a. It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during the earlier phases than the latter phases.
在早期阶段对项目进行重大更改的成本要比在后期阶段低（高 ）得多。
b. More resources are usually needed during the initial phases of a project than during the middle or final phases.
项目的中期比项目初始或最后（初始比中期或最后 ）阶段需要更多的资源
c. In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest.
项目的早期需要的资源通常最少
d. In the later phases of the project life cycle, the level of uncertainty is usually the highest.
在项目的早期（晚期 ）项目的不确定性的程度最高
7
Which characteristic of organizational culture refers to the degree to which departments within an organization are encouraged to coordinate with each other?
单元集成度是指在组织中鼓励单元或者部门项目合作的程度（P37）
a. Member identity
b. People focus
c. Unit integration
d. Group emphasis
8
In Rizzati Corp, vice presidents in departments such as engineering, manufacturing, IT, and human resources report directly to the chief executive officer and undertake their tasks independently of each other. The staffs of these departments have specialized skills in their respective disciplines. Which type of organizational structure does Rizatti Corp have?
在Rizzati公司，工程、制造、IT和人力资源等部门的副总裁直接向首席执行官报告，并独立承担各自的任务。这些部门的员工都有各自专业的专业技能。Rizzati公司有哪种组织结构
a. Symbolic
b. Functional
职能型
c. Project
d. Matrix
9
Which is a disadvantage for virtual teams compared to traditional teams?
下列哪个是虚拟团队相比于传统团队的缺点（P49）
a. Limited flexibility in team working hours
团队工作时间更加灵活而不是受限
b. Increased costs for office space and support
很多虚拟团队在家工作，不需要办公室和支持
c. Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information
减少了团队成员以非正式的方式沟通和传递信息的能力
d. Reduced dependence on technology and processes for accomplishing work
增加（减少 ）了完成工作所需技术的依赖性和过程
10
Which term refers to a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project?
可交付成果是一种产品或服务，如技术报告、培训课程、硬件模块或者软件代码片段，这些是作为项目的一部分而生产或提供的（P41）
a. Resource
b. Deliverable
c. System
d. Input
11
Select an example of external stakeholders for an organization.
选出一个组织的外部项目干系人（P38）
a. Competitors
竞争对手
b. Employees（内部）
c. Functional managers（内部）
d. Top managers（内部）
12
In which development life cycle do stakeholders define and approve the detailed scope before the start on an iteration?
在自适应软件开发生命周期中，涉众在迭代开始之前定义并批准详细的范围（没找到对应句子）
a. Iterative
b. Incremental
c. Hybrid
d. Adaptive
13
Which characteristic of organizational culture refers to the degree to which employees identify with the organization as a whole, rather than with their types of job or profession?
成员认同度是指员工将组织石伟一个整体而不仅仅是工作类型或职位认同程度。（P37）
a. Unit integration
b. Group emphasis
c. People focus
d. Member identity
14
Which systems development life cycle model assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined?
瀑布式系统开发生命周期模型假定需求在定义之后将保持稳定（P44）
a. Prototyping life cycle
b. Waterfall life cycle
c. Spiral life cycle
d. RAD life cycle
15
In organizational culture, what does control refer to?
在组织文化中，控制力指的是使用规则、政策和直接监管来监督与控制员工行为的程度（P37）
a. The degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results
b. The degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment
c. The degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking
d. The degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior
16
In a _____organizational structure, program managers, rather than functional managers or vice presidents, report to the CEO. Their staffs have a variety of skills needed to complete all required tasks within their programs.
在项目组织结构中，项目经理，而不是职能经理或副总裁，向首席执行官报告。他们的员工有各种各样的技能，需要在他们的程序中完成所有需要的任务。（P35）
a. functional
b. project
c. symbolic
d. matrix
17
In organizational culture, what does people focus refer to?
在组织文化中，人员聚集度指的是管理决策考虑组织中员工产出的效果的程度（P37）
a. The degree to which management’s decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization
b. The degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking（抗风险能力）
c. The degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment（开放系统聚集度）
d. The degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior（控制力）
18
The _____ model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype, using tools such as computer-aided software engineering, joint requirements planning, and joint application design to facilitate rapid prototyping and code generation.
快速应用开发RAD生命周期模型使用的方法中，开发人员使用一个演进的原型，使用诸如计算机辅助软件工程、联合需求规划和联合应用程序设计等工具，以促进快速原型化和代码生成。（P44）
a. RAD life cycle
b. waterfall life cycle
c. spiral life cycle
d. prototyping life cycle
19
The _____ frame of an organization focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people.
人力资源组织的框架关注于提供组织的需求和人的需求之间的协调。（P34）
a. symbolic
b. structural
c. political
d. human resources
20
Which characteristic is true of virtual teams?
下列关于虚拟团队的特点正确的是？（P50）
a. It is easier for a virtual team to build relationships and trust.
虚拟团队成员不能够运用身体语言和其他沟通方式来彼此理解，建立关系和信任
b. Negative incentives do not impact virtual team members.
负面激励对虚拟团队员工有影响
c. It is important to select team members carefully.
仔细选择团队成员很重要
d. As they never meet, virtual teams do not have conflicts.（并不是，更易出现问题）
21
In organizational culture, what does means-end orientation refer to?
在组织文化中，目标导向指的是什么？
a. The degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results
目标导向度是指管理着眼于产出而不是完成这些结果所需要的的技术和过程的程度。
b. The degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment
c. The degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior
d. The degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking
22
Which perspective on organizations assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups?
政治框架假定组织是由不同的个人和李燚集团联合围成的（P34）
a. Structural frame
b. Political frame
c. Symbolic frame
d. Human resources frame
23
Which of the following best describes a kill point in the project life cycle?
以下哪个选项最好地描述了项目生命周期中的检查点？（P45）
a. The period of time given to managers during the feasibility phases to decide on the cost, quality, and time constraints for the project
b. The point of time in the project lifecycle after which it is impossible to terminate a running project
c. The final submission of the project deliverables after which the project is terminated
d. A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated
在开发的每个阶段对项目的状态进行审查，以决定是否应该继续、改变方向或者终止项目
24
In what type of organizational structure do project managers have the least amount of authority?
在职能型组织架构中项目经理的权威性最小（P36 表2-1）
a. Circular
b. Functional
c. Matrix
d. Project
25
In a _____ organizational structure, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers.
在矩阵组织结构中，人员经常向一个职能经理和一个或多个项目经理报告。（P35）
a. functional
b. matrix
c. symbolic
d. project
26
Which problem-solving approach requires defining the scope of a system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs?
（P32）
a. Linear programming
b. Systems analysis
c. Independent component analysis
d. Principal component analysis
27
Grey’s Infotech sells customized hardware and software solutions for businesses. The salespeople for Grey’s have a strict dress code when meeting clients. They are required to wear dark business suits, in order to convey the company’s dedication to quality. The meaning conveyed to the clients’ through the salespeople’s clothing is part of the _____ frame of the organization.
a. structural
b. human resources
c. political
d. symbolic
28
Which statement best describes outsourcing?
a. An organization’s acquisition of goods and services from an outside source
b. An organization selling its products in a market outside its domestic market
c. An organization setting up manufacturing and retailing facilities in a new country
d. An organization’s use of virtual teams with employees located in different countries
29
Which approach to product development is currently used by many organizations so a predictive set of steps is used as an overall means to coordinate more detailed steps that are adaptively managed?
a. Hybrid
b. Incremental
c. Adaptive
d. Predictive
30
Which of the following is true of a matrix organizational structure?（P36）
a. In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.
b. In a matrix organizational structure, employees are organized into departments according to their skills, and there is little interaction between employees from different departments.
c. Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from only a single functional area working on their projects.
d. A matrix organizational structure is hierarchical, but instead of functional managers reporting to the CEO, program managers report to the CEO.
31
The symbolic perspective of an organization:
a. focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization.
b. views the organization as coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups.（政治框架）
c. focuses on different groups’ roles and responsibilities to meet the goals and policies set by top management.（结构框架）
d. focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people.（人力资源框架）
32
Which characteristic of organizational culture refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment?
a. Conflict tolerance
b. Means-ends orientation
c. Open-systems focus
d. Risk tolerance
33
Projects must operate in a broad organizational environment, and project managers need to consider projects within the greater organizational context. Which approach describes the holistic view（整体观点） of carrying out projects within the context of the organization?（P32）
a. The silo approach
b. Linear analysis
c. Reductionism
d. Systems thinking
34
___ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization.
a. Organizational structure
b. Line of control
c. Chain of command
d. Organizational culture
35
Which characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management’s decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization?
a. Unit integration
b. Member identity
c. Group emphasis
d. People focus

题目来源：东北大学BB平台