【Spring】SpringMVC文件上传与下载

对于上传功能，我们在项目中是经常会用到的，比如用户注册的时候，上传用户头像，这个时候就会使用到上传的功能。而对于下载，使用场景也很常见，比如我们项目中有个使用说明是是pdf版的，会提供给用户进行下载的功能。相对于来说，这两个功能都是很常见。

完整的项目目录：https://codechina.csdn.net/dreaming_coder/springmvc-upload-download

1. 新建搭建SpringMVC开发环境

1.1 pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.icegroupId>
    <artifactId>demoartifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>14maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>14maven.compiler.target>
    properties>

    <dependencies>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileuploadgroupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileuploadartifactId>
            <version>1.4version>
        dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-apiartifactId>
            <version>4.0.1version>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jspgroupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-apiartifactId>
            <version>2.2version>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
            <artifactId>jstlartifactId>
            <version>1.2version>
        dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
            <version>5.3.2version>
        dependency>
    dependencies>

    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/javadirectory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.propertiesinclude>
                    <include>**/*.xmlinclude>
                includes>
                <filtering>falsefiltering>
            resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resourcesdirectory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.propertiesinclude>
                    <include>**/*.xmlinclude>
                includes>
                <filtering>falsefiltering>
            resource>
        resources>
    build>
project>

1.2 web.xml

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>SpringMVCservlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>
        
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
            <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xmlparam-value>
        init-param>
        
        <load-on-startup>1load-on-startup>
    servlet>

    
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>SpringMVCservlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/url-pattern>
    servlet-mapping>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingfilter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilterfilter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encodingparam-name>
            <param-value>utf-8param-value>
        init-param>
    filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingfilter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
    filter-mapping>

    
    <session-config>
        <session-timeout>15session-timeout>
    session-config>

web-app>

1.3 applicationContext.xml

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.ice.controller"/>

    
    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
        
        <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"/>
        
        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"/>
        <property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960"/>
    bean>

    
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
          id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    bean>

beans>

注意！！！这个 bean 的 id 必须为：multipartResolver ， 否则上传文件会报 $400$ 的错误！在这里栽过坑，教训！

2. 编写前端界面

2.1 index.jsp

前端表单要求：为了能上传文件，必须将表单的 method 设置为 POST，并将 enctype 设置为 multipart/form-data。只有在这样的情况下，浏览器才会把用户选择的文件以二进制数据发送给服务器。

对表单中的 enctype 属性做个详细的说明：

• application/x-www=form-urlencoded：默认方式，只处理表单域中的 value 属性值，采用这种编码方式的表单会将表单域中的值处理成 URL 编码方式。
• multipart/form-data：这种编码方式会以二进制流的方式来处理表单数据，这种编码方式会把文件域指定文件的内容也封装到请求参数中，不会对字符编码。
• text/plain：除了把空格转换为 “+” 号外，其他字符都不做编码处理，这种方式适用直接通过表单发送邮件。

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Upload</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/upload" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
    <input type="file" name="file" multiple="multiple"/> <br/><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="upload">
</form>
</body>
</html>

2.2 success.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Success</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h2>上传成功</h2><br>
    <hr/>
    <a href="/download">点击下载</a>
</body>
</html>

3. 编写 Controller

CommonsMultipartFile 的 常用方法：

• String getOriginalFilename()：获取上传文件的原名
• InputStream getInputStream()：获取文件流
• void transferTo(File dest)：将上传文件保存到一个目录文件中

package com.ice.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartFile;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.Arrays;

@Controller
public class FileController {
     

    @RequestMapping("/upload")
    public String fileUpload2(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile[] files, HttpServletRequest request) {
     

        //上传路径保存设置
        String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
        File realPath = new File(path);
        if (!realPath.exists()) {
     
            realPath.mkdir();
        }
        //上传文件地址
        System.out.println("上传文件保存地址：" + realPath);

        Arrays.stream(files).forEach(file -> {
     
            try {
     
                file.transferTo(new File(realPath + "/" + file.getOriginalFilename()));
            } catch (IOException e) {
     
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });
        return "success";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/download")
    public String downloads(HttpServletResponse response, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
     
        //要下载的图片地址
        String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
        String fileName = "小黄人.jpg";

        //1、设置response 响应头
        response.reset(); //设置页面不缓存,清空buffer
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); //字符编码
        response.setContentType("multipart/form-data"); //二进制传输数据
        //设置响应头
        response.setHeader("Content-Disposition",
                "attachment;fileName=" + URLEncoder.encode(fileName, "UTF-8"));

        File file = new File(path, fileName);
        //2、 读取文件--输入流
        InputStream input = new FileInputStream(file);
        //3、 写出文件--输出流
        OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();

        byte[] buff = new byte[1024];
        int index = 0;
        //4、执行 写出操作
        while ((index = input.read(buff)) != -1) {
     
            out.write(buff, 0, index);
            out.flush();
        }
        out.close();
        input.close();
        return null;
    }
}

4. 测试启动 Tomcat

选择文件点击upload上传后：

打的war包结构如下：