PostgreSQL , CityJSON , CityGML , 3D City , 3D City Database , Geometrical Model , Semantic Model , COLLADA , VRML , X3D , IFC , gbXML , KML , OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium)开放地理空间协会
空间应用在城市规划建设中,在发挥越来越重要的作用!
PostGIS是一个开源的PostgreSQL空间数据库插件,遵循OGC的SQL协定设计,应用广泛。
PostGIS is an open source software program that adds support for geographic objects to the PostgreSQL object-relational database. PostGIS follows the Simple Features for SQL specification from the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC).
http://www.opengeospatial.org/
PostGIS支持的空间构造接口如下,兼容各种geometry格式的导入。
http://postgis.net/docs/manual-2.4/reference.html
8.4. Geometry Constructors
ST_GeogFromText — Return a specified geography value from Well-Known Text representation or extended (WKT).
ST_GeographyFromText — Return a specified geography value from Well-Known Text representation or extended (WKT).
ST_GeogFromWKB — Creates a geography instance from a Well-Known Binary geometry representation (WKB) or extended Well Known Binary (EWKB).
ST_GeomFromTWKB — Creates a geometry instance from a TWKB ("Tiny Well-Known Binary") geometry representation.
ST_GeomCollFromText — Makes a collection Geometry from collection WKT with the given SRID. If SRID is not given, it defaults to 0.
ST_GeomFromEWKB — Return a specified ST_Geometry value from Extended Well-Known Binary representation (EWKB).
ST_GeomFromEWKT — Return a specified ST_Geometry value from Extended Well-Known Text representation (EWKT).
ST_GeometryFromText — Return a specified ST_Geometry value from Well-Known Text representation (WKT). This is an alias name for ST_GeomFromText
ST_GeomFromGeoHash — Return a geometry from a GeoHash string.
ST_GeomFromGML — Takes as input GML representation of geometry and outputs a PostGIS geometry object
ST_GeomFromGeoJSON — Takes as input a geojson representation of a geometry and outputs a PostGIS geometry object
ST_GeomFromKML — Takes as input KML representation of geometry and outputs a PostGIS geometry object
ST_GMLToSQL — Return a specified ST_Geometry value from GML representation. This is an alias name for ST_GeomFromGML
ST_GeomFromText — Return a specified ST_Geometry value from Well-Known Text representation (WKT).
ST_GeomFromWKB — Creates a geometry instance from a Well-Known Binary geometry representation (WKB) and optional SRID.
PostGIS支持的空间构造接口如下,兼容各种geometry格式的导出。
8.7. Geometry Outputs
ST_AsBinary — Return the Well-Known Binary (WKB) representation of the geometry/geography without SRID meta data.
ST_AsEncodedPolyline — Returns an Encoded Polyline from a LineString geometry.
ST_AsEWKB — Return the Well-Known Binary (WKB) representation of the geometry with SRID meta data.
ST_AsEWKT — Return the Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of the geometry with SRID meta data.
ST_AsGeoJSON — Return the geometry as a GeoJSON element.
ST_AsGML — Return the geometry as a GML version 2 or 3 element.
ST_AsHEXEWKB — Returns a Geometry in HEXEWKB format (as text) using either little-endian (NDR) or big-endian (XDR) encoding.
ST_AsKML — Return the geometry as a KML element. Several variants. Default version=2, default precision=15
ST_AsLatLonText — Return the Degrees, Minutes, Seconds representation of the given point.
ST_AsSVG — Returns a Geometry in SVG path data given a geometry or geography object.
ST_AsText — Return the Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of the geometry/geography without SRID metadata.
ST_AsTWKB — Returns the geometry as TWKB, aka "Tiny Well-Known Binary"
ST_AsX3D — Returns a Geometry in X3D xml node element format: ISO-IEC-19776-1.2-X3DEncodings-XML
ST_GeoHash — Return a GeoHash representation of the geometry.
ST_AsGeobuf — Return a Geobuf representation of a set of rows.
ST_AsMVTGeom — Transform a geometry into the coordinate space of a Mapbox Vector Tile.
ST_AsMVT — Return a Mapbox Vector Tile representation of a set of rows.
结合PostGIS与空间应用软件,可以推动城市规划建设的空间应用。
一些相关物料
1、3D GIS and Application
2、3D City Database for CityGML
3、DATABASE DEVELOPMENT WITH “3D-CITYGML”AND “ENERGYADE”- SCHEMA FOR CITY-DISTRICT-SIMULATION MODELLING
4、环境监控
http://www.openforis.org/home.html
5、Collect_Earth_User_Manual
6、可视化城市
7、3D 城市 数据库
8、虚拟城市 database
9、虚拟城市 数据格式兼容
一些标准
1、The OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) is an international not for profit organization committed to making quality open standards for the global geospatial community.
http://www.opengeospatial.org/
2、CityGML - City Geography Markup Language
http://www.citygmlwiki.org/index.php?title=Citygml_Wiki
3、CityJSON is a format for encoding a subset of the CityGML data model using JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)
http://www.cityjson.org
http://rchr.github.io/slides_ghg_gfz/#/data-modelling
实际上已经支持到SQL:2011标准
http://www.businesslocationcenter.de/en/downloadportal
http://www.codeguru.com/csharp/.net/net_data/article.php/c19615/Introduction-to-Relational-Databases--Part-1-Theoretical-Foundation.htm
https://gist.github.com/sluedtke/c69b545a0937f560245f
1、https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostGIS
2、https://goldsaucer.co.uk/projects/#content
3、https://github.com/TerriaJS/terriajs/issues/673
4、http://www.bluemarblegeo.com/about-us/index.php
5、https://github.com/3dcitydb
6、https://www.3dcitydb.org/3dcitydb/3dcitydb-in-action/
7、https://www.citygml.org/
8、http://www.virtualcitysystems.de/en/
9、利用 OpenScales+MapServer+PostGIS 快速构建 GIS 应用
https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/opensource/os-cn-gis-dev/index.html
10、WebGIS(PostgreSQL+GeoServer+OpenLayers)之二 GeoServer安装与数据配置(转)
http://hbluojiahui.blog.163.com/blog/static/31064767200911179523287/
11、使用Geoserver和Google Earth打造三维GIS展示系统
http://blog.csdn.net/iwillsw/article/details/4733300
12、ST_AsCollada / ST_GeomFromCollada
https://trac.osgeo.org/postgis/ticket/873#no1
http://postgis3d.blogspot.com/