Python爬虫练手项目-------- 12306抢票小程序（selenium+requests+BeautifulSoup)
前言
学习完pyhton基本语法，selenium，requests和BeautifulSoup三个库之后，做了一个简单的12306抢票小程序，功能实现的有些粗糙，结构也不是很清晰。。
附上源码：
from selenium import webdriver
from twilio.rest import Client
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import time
import base64
import sys
import re
def login(num):
element = web.find_element_by_class_name("lgcode-refresh")
try:
for i in num:
if(i <= 4):
ActionChains(web).move_to_element_with_offset(element,20-(80*(4-i)),70).click().perform()
else:
i-=4
ActionChains(web).move_to_element_with_offset(element,20-(80*(4-i)),140).click().perform()
time.sleep(3)
except:
print("验证码自动点击失败，请重启程序!!!!")
def get_num():
num = []
r = web.page_source
html = BeautifulSoup(r,"html.parser")
img_url = html.findAll("img",{
"id":"J-loginImg"})[0].get("src")
img_url = img_url.split(',')[1]
img_url = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(img_url + '='*(4-len(img_url)%4))
with open("验证码.png","wb") as f:
f.write(img_url)
files = {
'file':open('验证码.png','rb')}
try:
r = requests.post("http://littlebigluo.qicp.net:47720/",files = files,timeout=5)
html = BeautifulSoup(r.text,"html.parser")
for i in html.findAll("b")[0].string:
if i!= ' ':
num.append(int(i))
else:
continue
except:
print("自动识别失败，请手动打开验证码手动输入照片位置（第一排从左到右依次为1~4，第二排从左到右依次为5~8）！！")
img_location = input("请输入，输入示例：1，2，3 ")
for i in img_location:
if i != ',':
num.append(int(i))
return num
def get_Ticket_information(): #填写要购买的票的信息。
print("*****************************************************")
print("*****************请填写购票信息************************")
print()
choose = input("单程还是往返:")
if choose == "单程":
Ticket_information = {
"出发地":input("请输入出发地:"),
"目的地":input("请输入目的地:"),
"出发日":input("请输入出发日(格式 2018-11-20):"),
"票型":input("请输入学生票或者普通票:"),
"单程":"Yes"}
Ticket_information["返程日"] ==Ticket_information["出发日"]
else:
Ticket_information = {
"出发地":input("请输入出发地:"),
"目的地":input("请输入目的地:"),
"出发日":input("请输入出发日(格式 2018-11-20):"),
"返程日":input("请输入返程日(格式 2018-11-20):"),
"票型":input("请输入学生票或者普通票:"),
"单程":"No"}
"""
Ticket_information = {"出发地":"天津",
"目的地":"太原",
"出发日":"2019-1-27",
"票型":"学生票",
"单程":"Yes"}
Ticket_information["返程日"] = "2019-1-27"
"""
print("****************************************************")
for i in Ticket_information:
print(i,":",Ticket_information[i])
print("****************************************************")
return Ticket_information
def tx_ticket(Tickct_information,cookies): #填写搜索信息
time.sleep(1)
web.find_element_by_link_text(u"车票").click()
web.find_element_by_link_text(u"单程").click()
for i in cookies:
web.add_cookie(i)
web.refresh()
if Ticket_information["票型"] == "学生票": #如果是学生票的话
what_ticket = 1
if web.find_element_by_id("sf2").is_enabled():
web.find_element_by_id("sf2").click()
else:
print("该日期无法使用学生票，具体时间请上12306官网查询。")
if int(input("如需继续购买普通票，请输入1，退出请输入0:")):
Ticket_information["票型"] = "普通票"
else:
web.quit()
sys.exit(0)
print("正在打印余票信息!!!!!!!!!!!!!")
def get_cookie(Ticket_information):
station = requests.get("https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js?station_version=1.9018").text.split("@")
time.sleep(1)
station_information ={
}
for i in range(1,len(station)):
station_information[station[i].split("|")[1]] = station[i].split("|")[2]
for i in station_information:
if(Ticket_information["出发地"] == i):
from_station_number = station_information[i]
if(Ticket_information["目的地"] == i):
to_station_number = station_information[i]
cookies = [
{
'domain': 'kyfw.12306.cn', 'expiry': 1574778226, 'httpOnly': False, 'name': '_jc_save_toStation', 'path': '/', 'secure': False, 'value': Ticket_information["目的地"].encode("unicode_escape").decode("utf-8").replace("\\","%")+"%2C"+to_station_number},
{
'domain': 'kyfw.12306.cn', 'expiry': 1574778226, 'httpOnly': False, 'name': '_jc_save_fromDate', 'path': '/', 'secure': False, 'value': Ticket_information["出发日"]},
{
'domain': 'kyfw.12306.cn', 'expiry': 1574778226, 'httpOnly': False, 'name': '_jc_save_fromStation', 'path': '/', 'secure': False, 'value': Ticket_information["出发地"].encode("unicode_escape").decode("utf-8").replace("\\","%")+"%2C"+from_station_number},
{
'domain': 'kyfw.12306.cn', 'expiry': 1574778226, 'httpOnly': False, 'name': '_jc_save_toDate', 'path': '/', 'secure': False, 'value': Ticket_information["返程日"]}
]
return cookies
def print_Ticket():
html = BeautifulSoup(web.page_source,"html.parser")
train_number = {
"车次":""} #列车车次
go_station = ["出发站"] #出发/到达站
to_station = ["到达站"]
go_time = ["出发时间"] #出发/到达的时间
to_time = ["到达时间"]
driving_time = ["历时"] #行驶时间
SWZ = ["商务座"]
ZY = ["一等座"]
ZE = ["二等座"]
GR = ["高级软卧"]
RW = ["软卧"]
DW = ["动卧"]
YW = ["硬卧"]
RZ = ["软座"]
YZ = ["硬座"]
WZ = ["无座"]
QT = ["其他"]
for i in html.findAll("a",{
"class":"number"}):
train_number[i.string] = i["id"].split("_")[0]
for i in html.findAll("div",{
"class":"cdz"}):
go_station.append(i.strong.string)
to_station.append(i.strong.next_sibling.string)
for i in html.findAll("div",{
"class":"cds"}):
go_time.append(i.strong.string)
to_time.append(i.strong.next_sibling.string)
for i in html.findAll("div",{
"class":"ls"}):
driving_time.append(i.strong.string)
for i in html.findAll("td",{
"id":re.compile(r'^TZ_\w.|SWZ_\w.')}):
if((i.string == '--')|(i.string == "有")):
SWZ.append(i.string)
else:
SWZ.append(i.div.string)
for i in html.findAll("td",{
"id":re.compile(r'^ZY_\w.')}):
if((i.string == '--')|(i.string == "有")):
ZY.append(i.string)
else:
ZY.append(i.div.string)
for i in html.findAll("td",{
"id":re.compile(r'^ZE_\w.')}):
if((i.string == '--')|(i.string == "有")):
ZE.append(i.string)
else:
ZE.append(i.div.string)
for i in html.findAll("td",{
"id":re.compile(r'^GR_\w.')}):
GR.append(i.string)
for i in html.findAll("td",{
"id":re.compile(r'^RW_\w.')}):
RW.append(i.string)
for i in html.findAll("td",{
"id":re.compile(r'^SRRB_\w.')}):
DW.append(i.string)
for i in html.findAll("td",{
"id":re.compile(r'^YW_\w.')}):
YW.append(i.string)
for i in html.findAll("td",{
"id":re.compile(r'^RZ_\w.')}):
RZ.append(i.string)
for i in html.findAll("td",{
"id":re.compile(r'^YZ_\w.')}):
YZ.append(i.string)
for i in html.findAll("td",{
"id":re.compile(r'^WZ_\w.')}):
WZ.append(i.string)
for i in html.findAll("td",{
"id":re.compile(r'^QT_\w.')}):
QT.append(i.string)
print("*******************余票信息**************************")
for i in range(len(train_number)):
print(list(train_number.keys())[i],end = '')
print("\t",end = '')
print(go_station[i],end = '')
print("——",end = '')
print(to_station[i],end = '')
print("\t",end = '')
print(go_time[i],end = '')
print("——",end = '')
print(to_time[i],end = '')
print("\t",end = '')
print(driving_time[i],end = '')
print("\t",end = '')
print(SWZ[i],end = '')
print("\t",end = '')
print(ZY[i],end = '')
print("\t",end = '')
print(ZE[i],end = '')
print("\t",end = '')
print(GR[i],end = '')
print("\t",end = '')
print(RW[i],end = '')
print("\t",end = '')
print(DW[i],end = '')
print("\t",end = '')
print(YW[i],end = '')
print("\t",end = '')
print(RZ[i],end = '')
print("\t",end = '')
print(YZ[i],end = '')
print("\t",end = '')
print(WZ[i],end = '')
print("\t",end = '')
print(QT[i])
print("\n")
if((i%10 == 0)&(i != 0)):
print("\t")
print("车次\t出发站——到达站\t出发时间——到达时间\t历时\t商务座\t一等座\t二等座\t高级软卧\t软卧\t动卧\t硬卧\t软座\t硬作为\t无座\t其他",end = '\n\n')
return train_number
def booking_ticket(train_number): #预定需要的车票
want_train_number = input("请输入想要预定的车次(如:C2608,字母用大写):")
while(True):
if(want_train_number in train_number):
train_id ="ticket_"+ BeautifulSoup(web.page_source,"html.parser").find('a',string = want_train_number)['id'].split("_")[0]
try:
web.find_element_by_xpath("//tr[@id = '%s']/td[@align = 'center']/a" % train_id).click()
return train_id
except:
QP_choose = input("该车次暂无余票，请输入YES/NO/OUT(YES-抢该车次的票，NO-选择其他车次，OUT-退出程序)")
if (QP_choose == "YES"):
if(qiang_ticket(train_id)): #抢票成功
sys.exit(0)
else:
print("抢票失败。。。")
if (QP_choose == "NO"):
want_train_number = input("请输入想要预定的车次(如:C2608,字母用大写):")
continue
if (QP_choose == "OUT"):
web.quit
sys.exit(0)
want_train_number = input("没有查找到相应车次!请输入正确的车次(输入'OUT'结束):")
if(want_train_number == "OUT"):
web.quit
sys.exit(0)
def buy_ticket(train_id): #提交订单
print("-----------------------------------------------------------")
html = BeautifulSoup(web.page_source,"html.parser")
try:
ticket_head = html.findAll("p",{
"id":"ticket_tit_id"})[0].text #有BUG！！！！！！
except:
ticket_head = html.findAll("p",{
"id":"ticket_tit_id"})[0].text
print(ticket_head)
for i in html.findAll("p",{
"id":"ticket_con_id"}):
print(i.text,end = "\t")
print(html.findAll("p",{
"style":"color: #3177BF;"})[0].text)
print("**************************************************")
seatType = input("选择输入购买的坐席(购买无座时请确认无座有余票)：")
seat_1 = {
"硬卧":"3","硬座":"1","软卧":"4","二等座":"O","一等座":"M","特等座":"P","商务座":"P"} #座位对应下拉选项的序号
able_seat = ["无座"]
for i in html.findAll("select",{
"id":"seatType_1"})[0].findAll("option"): #判断能购买的坐席有哪些
able_seat.append(i.string.strip().split("（")[0])
if(seatType in able_seat): #如果想买的坐席可以买的话，就添加
if(seatType == "无座"): #判断是不是无座
if(("二等座"or"硬座") in able_seat):
try:
web.find_element_by_xpath("//select[@id = 'seatType_1']/option[@value = '1']").click() #如果是无座就买硬座
except:
web.find_element_by_xpath("//select[@id = 'seatType_1']/option[@value = 'O']").click() #如果报错就说明是高铁，无座就买二等座
else:
if(input("所选坐席没有余票,抢票-YES，退出-OUT") == "YES"):
if(qiang_ticket(train_id)):
pass
else:
print("抢票失败。。。")
else:
web.find_element_by_xpath("//select[@id = 'seatType_1']/option[@value = '%s']"%seat_1[seatType]).click() #不是无座的话就按相应的买
print("请选择乘客信息(最多5位)，如需添加/修改乘客信息，请到12306官网操作：")
web.implicitly_wait(30)
while(True): #添加乘客信息
html = BeautifulSoup(web.page_source,"html.parser")
print(html.findAll("ul",{
"id":"normal_passenger_id"})[0].text)
xs_person = []
pt_person = []
pt_name = input("输入购买普通票的乘客多位乘客中间用中文输入法下的 ，隔开") #如果购买的是普通票的话
for i in pt_name.split("，"):
pt_person.append(i)
if what_ticket: #如果购买的是学生票的话
xs_name = input("输入购买学生票的乘客,多位乘客中间用中文输入法下的 ，隔开")
for i in xs_name.split("，"):
xs_person.append(i)
if(panduan_how_many(seatType,len(xs_person)+len(pt_person))): #判断所选乘客数量和余票数量是否匹配
if what_ticket: #如果购买的是学生票的话
for i in html.findAll("label"):
if i.text.spilt("(")[0] in xs_person:
try:
web.find_element_by_id(i["for"]).click()
except:
web.find_element_by_id("dialog_xsertcj_ok").click()
web.find_element_by_id("submitOrder_id").click()
else:
for i in html.findAll("label"):
if i.text.split("(")[0] in pt_person:
try:
web.find_element_by_id(i["for"]).click()
except:
web.find_element_by_id("dialog_xsertcj_cancel").click()
web.find_element_by_id("submitOrder_id").click()
#提交订单
print("--------------------------------------------------------------")
print("-----------------------正在打印乘客信息-------------------------")
time.sleep(2)
result = "" #将已选乘客的信息打印出来
html = BeautifulSoup(web.page_source,"html.parser")
for i in html.findAll("tbody",{
"id":"check_ticketInfo_id"})[0].findAll("tr"):
for each in i.text.strip():
if(each=="\n"):
result = result+"\t"
continue
if(each==' '):
continue
else:
result = result+each
print(result)
result = ""
web.find_element_by_id("qr_submit_id").click()
break
else: #所选乘客数量和余票数量不匹配
if (input("余票不足，请重新选择乘客，或者退出(YES/NO)") == "NO" ):
web.quit()
sys.exit(0)
else:
if(input("所选坐席没有余票,抢票-YES，退出-OUT") == "YES"):
if(qiang_ticket(train_id)):
pass
else:
print("抢票失败。。。")
def panduan_how_many(seatType,person_num):
html = BeautifulSoup(web.page_source,"html.parser")
seat_2 = {
"硬卧":1,"硬座":2,"软卧":0,"二等座":2,"一等座":1,"特等座":0,"商务座":0,"无座":3} #座位对应的余票信息
ticket_num = html.findAll("span",{
"id":"ticket_status_id"})[seat_2[seatType]].text.split("）")[1].split("张")[0]
if(ticket_num == '有票'):
return 1
elif(int(ticket_num) >= person_num):
return 1
elif(person_num > 5):
print("乘客人数超过5个")
return 0
else:
print("余票不够，请重新选择!")
return 0
def qiang_ticket(train_id):
q_standard = 0 #判断是否抢票成功
count = 0
web.get("https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init?linktypeid=dc")
web.find_element_by_id("query_ticket").click()
web.implicitly_wait(30)
html = BeautifulSoup(web.page_source,"html.parser")
time.sleep(3)
seat_Type = "硬卧" #input("请输入抢票坐席:")
person = "陈文帅" #input("请输入抢票乘客(仅限一位):")
tag_id_list ={
"特等座":"SWZ",
"商务座":"SWZ",
"一等座":"ZY",
"二等座":"ZE",
"高级软卧":"GR",
"软卧":"RW",
"动卧":"DW",
"硬卧":"YW",
"软座":"RZ",
"硬座":"YZ",
"无座":"WZ",
"其他":"QT",
}
tag_id = tag_id_list[seat_Type] + "_" + train_id.split("_")[1]
while(True):
html = BeautifulSoup(web.page_source,"html.parser")
goal = html.findAll("td",{
"id":tag_id})[0].text
time.sleep(2)
if(goal != "无"):
web.find_element_by_xpath("//tr[@id = '%s']/td[@align = 'center']/a" % train_id).click()
html = BeautifulSoup(web.page_source,"html.parser")
if what_ticket: #如果购买的是学生票的话
for i in html.findAll("label"):
if i.text.spilt("(")[0] in xs_person:
try:
web.find_element_by_id(i["for"]).click()
except:
web.find_element_by_id("dialog_xsertcj_ok").click()
web.find_element_by_id("submitOrder_id").click()
web.find_element_by_id("qr_submit_id").click()
print("抢票成功，请在30分钟前往12306内付款!!!!!!!")
q_standard = 1
send_message()
break
else:
for i in html.findAll("label"):
if i.text.split("(")[0] == person:
try:
web.find_element_by_id(i["for"]).click()
except:
web.find_element_by_id("dialog_xsertcj_cancel").click()
web.find_element_by_id("submitOrder_id").click()
web.find_element_by_id("qr_submit_id").click()
print("抢票成功，请在30分钟前往12306内付款!!!!!!!")
q_standard = 1
send_message()
break
web.refresh()
web.find_element_by_id("query_ticket").click()
count = count+1
print("已抢票%s次" %count)
time.sleep(1)
return q_standard
def send_message():
account_sid = "信息手动打码"
auth_token = "信息手动打码"
client = Client(account_sid, auth_token)
message = client.messages.create(to="信息手动打码",from_="信息手动打码",body="抢票成功了")
def main():
what_ticket = 0 #判断是学生票还是普通票，0是普通票，
#username = input("请输入账号(按回车确认)：")
#password = input("请输入密码(按回车确认)：")
username = "12306账号"
password = "12306密码"
url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html"
web = webdriver.Chrome()
web.set_page_load_timeout(10)
web.get(url)
time.sleep(2)
web.maximize_window()
time.sleep(1)
web.find_element_by_class_name("login-hd-account").click()
time.sleep(2)
web.find_element_by_id("J-userName").send_keys(username)
time.sleep(3)
web.find_element_by_id("J-password").send_keys(password)
time.sleep(3)
count = 0
while(True):
num = get_num()
login(num)
web.find_element_by_id("J-login").click()
time.sleep(3)
if(web.current_url != url):
print("验证成功!!!")
for i in num:
print("验证码的位置:",i)
break
else:
print("验证失败，等待重新验证!!!!剩余(%s)次"%(2-count))
count = count+1
if count == 3:
print("验证失败，结束程序！！")
web.quit()
sys.exit(0)
print("登录成功！！")
Ticket_information = get_Ticket_information()
cookies = get_cookie(Ticket_information)
tx_ticket(Ticket_information,cookies)
web.find_element_by_id("query_ticket").click()
time.sleep(5)
train_number = print_Ticket()
time.sleep(3)
train_id = booking_ticket(train_number)
buy_ticket(train_id)
main()