2019年教师招聘英语学科专业知识考点梳理
考点二十 主语从句
一、主语从句的引导词
1. that引导
That he is still alive is a wonder.
That we shall be late is certain.
2. whether引导
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.
Whether they would support us was a problem.
3. 连接代词引导
Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet.
Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize.
Whichever you want is yours.
4. 连接副词引导
When we arrive doesn’t matter.
How it was done was a mystery.
5. 关系代词型what引导
What we need is money.
What I want to know is this.
二、主语从句与形式主语it
有时为了考虑句子平衡,通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it,而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分三种情况:
(1) 对于以连词that引导的主语从句,通常用形式主语it代主语从句:
It’s a pity that he didn’t come. 很遗憾他没来。
It is important that he should know about this. 他必须知道此事。
(2) 对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语代主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从句:
Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
(3) 对关系代词型what引导的主语从句,通常直接将主语从句放在句首。如:
What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。
What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。
有时也可用形式主语。如:
It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。
三、连词that的省略问题
引导主语从句的连词that 有时可省,有时不能省,其原则是:若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首,则that不能省略;若that引导的主语从句位于句末,而在句首使用了形式主语it,则that可以省略:
That you didn’t go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省)
It was a pity (that) you didn’t go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省)
考点二十一 表语从句
一、定义
在句中作表语的从句叫做表语从句。
二、引导表语从句的关联词的种类
(1)从属连词that。在从句中不做成分。
The trouble is that I have lost his address.
The reason was that he was late for school.
(2)从属连词whether,as,as if。
He looked just as he had looked ten years before.
The question is whether they will be able to help us.
注:从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句,但as if却可引导表语从句。
注:能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look,sound等。如:
He looked just as he had looked ten years before.
It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. (3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever在表语从句中做主语、宾语等。
The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。
(4)连接副词 where, when, how, why。
What I wonder is when he left. 我想知道他是何时离开的。
This is where they once lived. 这就是他们曾经住过的地方。 That is why he didn't come here.
The question is how he did it.
(5)连词because可引导表语从句。
That's because he didn't understand me. 那是因为他没有理解我.(That's because...强调原因)
That's why he got angry with me.那正是他对我生气的原因。(That's why...强调结果)
(6)在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示,should可省略。如:
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
考点二十二 同位语从句
一、同位语从句在句中的位置
1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等)的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。
The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.
I've come from Mr Wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon.
2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。
The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.
The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again.
二、同位语从句连接词的选用
在英语中,引导同位语从句的词通常有连词(that,who,whether),连接副词(how,when,where)等。
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
The question who should do the work requires consideration.
We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
【注意】在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接;在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如:
We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.
There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise.
◆ that引导的同位语从句
有些名词的后面可以接that引导的同位语从句,这些名词有advice,announcement,argument,belief,claim,conclusion,decision,evidence,explanation,fact,feeling,hope,idea,impression,information,knowledge,message,news,opinion,order,probability,promise,proposal,remark,reply,report,saying,statement,suggestion,thought,treat,warning,wish,word。
We came to the decision that we must act at once.
He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone.
◆ whether引导的同位语从句(不可用if)
He hasn't made the decision whether he will go there.
I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job.
附英语学科高频词汇:
abdomen n. 腹,腹部
abolish vt. 废止,废除(法律、制度、习俗等)
aboriginal adj. 土著的,原来的 n. 土著居民
aborigine n. (澳洲的)土著;土人
abound vi. 多,大量存在,富于,充满
abridge v. 删节,削减,精简
abrupt adj. 突然的,陡峭的,生硬的
absolve v. 宣布免除(承诺、责任等);赦免,免受惩处,宣告无罪
abundant adj. 丰富的,充裕的,丰富,盛产,富于
abuse n. 滥用,虐待,辱骂,陋习,弊端 v. 滥用,虐待,辱骂
accessory n. 附件,零件,附加物,从犯,同谋者 adj. 附属的,补充的,同谋的,副的
accommodate vt. 供应,供给,使适应,调节,和解,向……提供,容纳,调和 vi. 适应
accompaniment n. 陪伴物,伴奏
accomplished adj. 完成的,熟练的,多才多艺的
accord n. 一致,符合,调和,协定 vt. 一致,给与 vi. 符合◆ of one’s own accord 自
愿地,自动地
accordingly adv. 因此,从而
accordion n. 手风琴 adj. 可折叠的
ace n. (纸牌或骰子)幺点,一流人才,高手,佼佼者
acknowledge vt. 承认,答谢,报偿
acquaint vt. 使熟知,通知
acquaintance n. 相识,熟人
acrobat n. (走钢丝的)杂技演员,随机应变者,翻云覆雨者
acronym n. 首字母的缩写词
acupuncture n. 针刺疗法
acute adj. 敏锐的,激烈的,严重的 [医]急性的,剧烈
adapter n. 适配器,改编者
addict n. 入迷的人,有瘾的人
adhere vi. 粘附,胶着,坚持 v. 坚持 ◆adhere to 坚持;坚信;忠于
adherence n. 粘着,忠诚,坚持
adjacent adj. 邻近的,接近的 ◆be adjacent to 接近
admiral n. 海军上将,舰队司令,旗舰
adolescent adj. 青春期的,青春的 n. 青少年
advantageous adj. 有利的
adventurism n. (外交,政治等方面的)冒险主义
adversary n. 敌手,对手
advisory adj. 顾问的,咨询的,劝告的
aerial adj. 航空的,生活在空气中的,空气的,高耸的
aeronautics n. 航空学,航空术
aesthetics n. 美学,美术理论,审美学,美的哲学
affectionate adj. 亲爱的,挚爱的
affix vt. 使附于,粘贴
aftereffect n. 余波,后果
aftermath n. (不幸事件的)后果
aggressor n. 侵略者,攻击者
agony n. 苦恼,极大的痛苦
airtight adj. 密封的,无懈可击的
aisle n. 走廊,过道
alga n. 藻类,海藻
algebra n. 代数学
alien adj. 外国的,相异的,不同,背道而驰
alienate v. 离间;使疏远
alligator n. 产于美洲的鳄鱼
allocate vt. 分派,分配
allot vt.(按份额)分配,分派
alloy n. 合金 vt. 使成合金,减低成色
almighty adj. 全能的
almond n. [植] 杏树,杏仁,杏仁壮物
aloof adj. 疏远的,冷淡的
altar n. 祭坛,(基督教教堂内的)圣坛,祈祷祭拜的地方
altitude n.(尤指海拔)高度,高处(海拔甚高的地方),(等级,地位等)高等
alumna n. 女毕业生,女校友
alumnus n. 男毕业生,男校友
amber n. 琥珀 adj. 琥珀制的,琥珀色(黄色)的
ambiguity n. 含糊,不明确
ambiguous adj. 暧昧的,不明确的
amenable adj. 应服从的,有服从义务的,有责任的
amend v. 修正,改进,改正
amendment n. 改善,改正
amid prep. 在 ……中
amiss adj. 有毛病的,出差错的
ammunition n. 军火,弹药
ample adj. 充足的,丰富的
amplifier n. 扩音器,放大器
amplify vt. 放大,增强,详述 v. 扩大
analogy n. 类似,类推
anatomy n. 剖析,解剖学
ancestral adj. 祖先的,祖传的
ancestry n. 祖先(集合称),家系,血统
anchor n. 锚 v. 抛锚,锚定
anchorage n. 停泊地点,抛锚地点
anchorman n. 新闻节目主持人
anchorwoman n. 新闻节目主持人
anecdote n. 轶事,奇闻
angular adj. 有角的;成角的;含角的;关于角的;尖角的;瘦骨嶙峋的
annals n. 编年史,年报
annex n. 附件 vt. 并吞,附加
anode n. [电] 阳极,正极
anonymous adj. 匿名的
antagonism n. 对抗(状态),对抗性
antagonist n. 敌手,对手
antecedent n. 先辈 adj. 先行的
antenna n. 天线,触角
anthem n. 圣诗;赞美诗;国歌
antibiotic n. 抗生素 adj. 抗生的
antic adj. 奇特的,滑稽可笑的
anticipate vt. 预期,期望,过早使用,先人一着,占先 v. 预订,预见,可以预料
antiquity n. 古代,古老,古代的遗物
aperture n. 孔,穴,缝隙,(照相机,望远镜等的)光圈,孔径
apologetic adj. 道歉的,认错的,辩护的
apostrophe n. 省略符号,呼语
appalling adj. 令人震惊的,骇人听闻的
apparatus n. 器械,设备,仪器
applicable adj. 可适用的,可应用的
appointee n. 被任命者,[律] 指定的财产受益人
apprentice n. 学徒
aptitude n. 恰当,智能,聪明,自然倾向
arbitrary adj. 任意的,武断的,独裁的,专断的
arch n. 拱门,弓形结构,拱形 v.(使)弯成弓形 adj,主要
asset n. [usu. Pl.] 资产;财产;有用的资源,宝贵的人 [物];优点,益处;贡献
assuredly adv. 确实地,确信地
astound vt. 使惊骇,使大吃一惊
atlas n. 地图,地图集
attaché vt. 缚上,系上,贴上 v. 配属,隶属于
attorney n. < 美 > 律师,(业务或法律事务上的)代理人
auction n. 拍卖 vt. 拍卖
audiovisuals n. 视听教具
auditor n. 计员,核数师
auditorium n. 听众席,观众席,< 美 > 会堂,礼堂
aural adj. 听觉的
authentic adj. 可信的;可靠的,权威性的;真正的,确实的;有根据的
autobiographic (al) adj. 自传的,自传式的,自传作家的
automate v. 使自动化,自动操作
autonomous adj. 自治的
autonomy n. 自治
auxiliary adj. 辅助的,补助的
avenge vt. 为……报复,报仇
aviation n. 飞行,航空,航空学,航空术
awe n. 敬畏 vt. 敬畏
axiom n. [数] 公理
axis n. 轴
axle n. 轮轴,车轴