爬取的目标网址为:https://www.gushiwen.cn/
在登陆界面需要做的工作有,获取验证码图片,并识别该验证码,才能实现登录。
使用浏览器抓包工具可以看到,登陆界面请求头包括cookie和user-agent,故在发送请求时需要这两个数据。其中user-agent可通过手动添加到请求头中,而cookie值需要自动获取。
(1)基于线上打码平台识别验证码
(2)打码平台:超级鹰、云打码、打码兔
该项目使用超级鹰打码平台完成。网站链接:https://www.chaojiying.com/
将下载好的源码进行封装
import requests
headers = {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.163 Safari/537.36",
#手动处理cookie
# "Cookie": "acw_tc=2760820816186635434807019e3f39e1bf4a8a9b9ad20b50586fb6c8184f56; xq_a_token=520e7bca78673752ed71e19b8820b5eb854123af; xqat=520e7bca78673752ed71e19b8820b5eb854123af; xq_r_token=598dda88240ff69f663261a3bf4ca3d9f9700cc0; xq_id_token=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJ1aWQiOi0xLCJpc3MiOiJ1YyIsImV4cCI6MTYyMTIxOTc0OSwiY3RtIjoxNjE4NjYzNTE1MDI1LCJjaWQiOiJkOWQwbjRBWnVwIn0.BGdEgnctB-rv0Xiu8TxrBEshPF4w0StKOE5jKTxy8OFz_pLwNl5VK9v2e8jyU4jaQt9xZTvgsPiYYbiIgmUUpPkamuT0pITHOFoNoKFYFz0syxQMuuAa93pPvSJxeCutqod4cvdWt6f4iRjtHyjAY0zVrv3xLi2ksc9noSf9sH3eLVu9Yjr3PzbF1QDzbXyQsX7oS5Y5Iwt2p-XartCGMlKWzWz9TPiFc3oZ6o7CMWu7Tvfb5D2XGlIU6L8wlPBMwoz2Zdy_zQif9itUqoBvQjNIa3E6UYag-vlY7nNFSDJh0UCobapBjdNITBVVvwFtYn6C-R16y6O8S5iko4E59g; u=461618663543485; Hm_lvt_1db88642e346389874251b5a1eded6e3=1618663545; device_id=24700f9f1986800ab4fcc880530dd0ed; Hm_lpvt_1db88642e346389874251b5a1eded6e3=1618664825"
}
session = requests.Session() # 创建session对象
# 第一次使用session,捕获请求cookie
url = 'https://so.gushiwen.cn/user/login.aspx?from=http://so.gushiwen.cn/user/collect.aspx'
page_text = session.get(url = url,headers = headers).text
# 解析验证码图片地址
tree = etree.HTML(page_text)
img_src = 'https://so.gushiwen.cn/' + tree.xpath('//*[@id="imgCode"]/@src')[0]
# 将验证码图片保存到本地
img_data = session.get(img_src,headers = headers).content
with open('./code.jpg','wb') as fp:
fp.write(img_data)
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:utf-8
import requests
from hashlib import md5
class Chaojiying_Client(object):
def __init__(self, username, password, soft_id):
self.username = username
password = password.encode('utf8')
self.password = md5(password).hexdigest()
self.soft_id = soft_id
self.base_params = {
'user': self.username,
'pass2': self.password,
'softid': self.soft_id,
}
self.headers = {
'Connection': 'Keep-Alive',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)',
}
def PostPic(self, im, codetype):
"""
im: 图片字节
codetype: 题目类型 参考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html
"""
params = {
'codetype': codetype,
}
params.update(self.base_params)
files = {
'userfile': ('ccc.jpg', im)}
r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.php', data=params, files=files, headers=self.headers)
return r.json()
def ReportError(self, im_id):
"""
im_id:报错题目的图片ID
"""
params = {
'id': im_id,
}
params.update(self.base_params)
r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php', data=params, headers=self.headers)
return r.json()
if __name__ == '__main__':
chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('超级鹰用户名', '超级鹰用户名的密码', '96001') #用户中心>>软件ID 生成一个替换 96001
im = open('a.jpg', 'rb').read() #本地图片文件路径 来替换 a.jpg 有时WIN系统须要//
print(chaojiying.PostPic(im, 1902)) #1902 验证码类型 官方网站>>价格体系 3.4+版 print 后要加()
# 模拟登录
# 流程:1 对点击登录按钮对应的请求进行发送(post请求)
# 2 处理请求参数:
# 用户名 密码 验证码 其他防伪参数
import requests
from lxml import etree
from chaojiying_Python.chaojiying import Chaojiying_Client
headers = {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.163 Safari/537.36",
}
# 封装好的验证码识别函数
def tranformImgCode(imgPath,imgType):
chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('用户名', '密码', '软件ID') # 用户中心>>软件ID 生成一个替换 软件ID
im = open(imgPath, 'rb').read() #本地图片文件路径 来替换 a.jpg 有时WIN系统须要//
return(chaojiying.PostPic(im, imgType))['pic_str']
# 自动获取cookie
session = requests.Session()
# 识别验证码
url = 'https://so.gushiwen.cn/user/login.aspx?from=http://so.gushiwen.cn/user/collect.aspx'
page_text = session.get(url = url,headers = headers).text
# 解析验证码图片地址
tree = etree.HTML(page_text)
img_src = 'https://so.gushiwen.cn/' + tree.xpath('//*[@id="imgCode"]/@src')[0]
# 将验证码图片保存到本地
img_data = session.get(img_src,headers = headers).content
with open('./code.jpg','wb') as fp:
fp.write(img_data)
# 识别验证码
code_text = tranformImgCode('./code.jpg',1902)
print(code_text)
login_url = 'https://so.gushiwen.cn/user/login.aspx?from=http%3a%2f%2fso.gushiwen.cn%2fuser%2fcollect.aspx'
data = {
'__VIEWSTATE': 'frn5Bnnr5HRYCoJJ9fIlFFjsta310405ClDr+hy0/V9dyMGgBf34A2YjI8iCAaXHZarltdz1LPU8hGWIAUP9y5eLjxKeYaJxouGAa4YcCPC+qLQstMsdpWvKGjg=',
'__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR': 'C93BE1AE',
'from': 'http://so.gushiwen.cn/user/collect.aspx',
'email': '用户名', # 更换自己的用户名
'pwd': '密码', # 更换自己的密码
'code': code_text,
'denglu': '登录'
}
# 对点击登录按钮发起请求,获取登录成功后对应的页面源码数据
page_text_login = session.post(url = login_url,data = data,headers = headers).text
with open('./gushiwen.html','w',encoding = 'utf-8') as fp:
fp.write(page_text_login)
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