python 构建和解析邮件
用python写传统的邮件
from email.mime.text import MIMEText message = ''' hello jason it is a test mail please accept it''' msg = MIMEText(message) msg['To'] = '[email protected]' msg['From'] = 'jason <[email protected]>' msg['Subject'] = 'test mail' print msg.as_string()
结果：
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit To: [email protected] From: jason <[email protected]> Subject: test mail hello jason it is a test mail please accept it
默认添加了3个头部Content-Type，MIME-Version，Content-Transfer-Encoding，而且也已经排好了版，这样的邮件，如果理解发送是可以的。如果想延迟发送的话，最好还是要加上Date和Message-ID头部，可以通过下面的方式来添加。
from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email import Utils message = ''' hello jason it is a test mail please accept it''' msg = MIMEText(message) msg['To'] = '[email protected]' msg['From'] = 'jason <[email protected]>' msg['Subject'] = 'test mail' msg['Date'] = Utils.formatdate(localtime=1) msg['Message-ID'] = Utils.make_msgid() print msg.as_string()
结果：
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit To: [email protected] From: jason <[email protected]> Subject: test mail Date: Wed, 27 Mar 2013 11:48:59 +0800 Message-ID: <20130327034859.14284.670@ZGC-20121219ZKJ> hello jason it is a test mail please accept it
这样的邮件就可以正确的被发送了
解析邮件
import sys,email
msg = email.message_from_file(sys.stdin)
print "*** Headers in message: "
for header,value in msg.items():
print header+":"
print " "+value
if msg.is_multipart():
print "mail is MIME type, can't resolve it."
sys.exit(1)
else:
print "-" * 78
if 'subject' in msg:
print "Subject: ",msg['subject']
print "-" * 78
print "Message body:"
print
print msg.get_payload()
把邮件显示结果写入到一个mail.txt文件中。
from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email import Utils message = ''' hello jason it is a test mail please accept it''' msg = MIMEText(message) msg['To'] = '[email protected]' msg['From'] = 'jason <[email protected]>' msg['Subject'] = 'test mail' msg['Date'] = Utils.formatdate(localtime=1) msg['Message-ID'] = Utils.make_msgid() fd = open('mail.txt','w') fd.write(msg.as_string()) fd.close()
通过这个把刚刚显示出来的邮件，以一种更可读的方式显示出来，如下图：
构造MIME邮件
上面说的都是些纯文本邮件，那么如何才能让邮件发送非纯文本邮件呢，这个就设计到了MIME，大家可以跟着到google查一下。
提几个重点步骤吧！
1. 建立一个MIMEMultipart()对象，设置邮件的header。
2.为邮件部分内容建立一个MIMEText()对象，把它放到MIMEMultipart()对象中。
3.为每一个附件，建立一个合适的MIME对象，也把他放到MIMEMultipart()对象中。
4.调用MIMEMultipart()对象中的as_string()函数来得到作为结果的邮件。
下面我们就用python来构造MIME格式的邮件，这个是可以添加附件的邮件格式。
email_mime.py
from email import Utils,Encoders
import mimetypes,sys
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
def attachment(filename):
fd = open(filename,'rb')
mimetype,mimeencoding = mimetypes.guess_type(filename)
if mimetype or (mimeencoding is None):
mimetype = 'application/octet-stream'
maintype,subtype = mimetype.split('/')
if maintype == 'text':
retval = MIMEText(fd.read(),_subtype=subtype)
else:
retval = MIMEBase(maintype,subtype)
retval.set_payload(fd.read())
Encoders.encode_base64(retval)
retval.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment',filename = filename)
fd.close()
return retval
message = ''' hello jason
it is a test mail
please accept it'''
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['To'] = '[email protected]'
msg['From'] = 'jason <[email protected]>'
msg['Subject'] = 'test mail'
msg['Date'] = Utils.formatdate(localtime=1)
msg['Message-ID'] = Utils.make_msgid()
body = MIMEText(message)
msg.attach(body)
for filename in sys.argv[1:]:
msg.attach(attachment(filename))
print msg.as_string()
运行脚本（这里添加了mail.txt和Loadrunner.rar作为附件）：
python email_mime.py mail.txt Loadrunner.rar > results.txt
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="===============1228986135==" MIME-Version: 1.0 To: [email protected] From: jason <[email protected]> Subject: test mail Date: Wed, 27 Mar 2013 14:31:02 +0800 Message-ID: <20130327063102.12588.91954@ZGC-20121219ZKJ> --===============1228986135== Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit hello jason it is a test mail please accept it --===============1228986135== Content-Type: application/octet-stream MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="mail.txt" Q29udGVudC1UeXBlOiB0ZXh0L3BsYWluOyBjaGFyc2V0PSJ1cy1hc2NpaSINCk1JTUUtVmVyc2lv bjogMS4wDQpDb250ZW50LVRyYW5zZmVyLUVuY29kaW5nOiA3Yml0DQpUbzogeHh4eHhAcXEuY29t DQpGcm9tOiBqYXNvbiA8bWp6aGVuZ0B4eHh4eC5jb20+DQpTdWJqZWN0OiB0ZXN0IG1haWwNCkRh dGU6IFdlZCwgMjcgTWFyIDIwMTMgMTI6NTU6MTMgKzA4MDANCk1lc3NhZ2UtSUQ6IDwyMDEzMDMy NzA0NTUxMy4xMzc1Mi4xNTU1NkBaR0MtMjAxMjEyMTlaS0o+DQoNCiBoZWxsbyBqYXNvbg0KaXQg aXMgYSB0ZXN0IG1haWwNCnBsZWFzZSBhY2NlcHQgaXQ= --===============1228986135== Content-Type: application/octet-stream MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="Loadrunner.rar" UmFyIRoHAM+QcwAADQAAAAAAAAADJXRAgiwAa0EBAADwAwACkyympH2W+TAdMwwAIAAAAGxtNzAu ZGxsAAHABhgl1VUMiNXgGmIzJMkmAYExbBsVistY2naRtlsg0LA7YVMAVMTI4OYRSBFoFxyi0UzG lUgwcmNmHDGnWjaPaFpbR7Ttp37TvaFuWojBDpIVlCVSpGkaxtlt5LmVYqdGNYGfn3esnqzMmtb3 zmeiQG1759/X+NpM5zfN+rWtb1vW9a1vXOfxLX/CefP98+b1vet89MzOYeeL+j/7TGYAFAACay42 ...
构造成功。
注意这里的Content-Type(内容类型)和Content-Transfer-Encoding(内容传输编码格式)的变化
但是呢，有个问题就是为什么mail.txt文件为什么识别不了呢，应该识别成功text/plian的内容格式啊。
查了一下，发现mimetypes模块是通过调用mimetypes.pyc文件的，查看一下mimetypes.py文件
可以看到
knownfiles = [
"/etc/mime.types",
"/etc/httpd/mime.types", # Mac OS X
"/etc/httpd/conf/mime.types", # Apache
"/etc/apache/mime.types", # Apache 1
"/etc/apache2/mime.types", # Apache 2
"/usr/local/etc/httpd/conf/mime.types",
"/usr/local/lib/netscape/mime.types",
"/usr/local/etc/httpd/conf/mime.types", # Apache 1.2
"/usr/local/etc/mime.types", # Apache 1.3
]
因为我是在windows环境下运行的，所以当然找不到所识别的mime类型啦