Python-django在线考试系统搭建[前端+后端 ]
一:项目目标:
1,制作一个学生端:可以登录,在线考试,查看成绩.教师端:可以进行组卷,分析试卷,查看学生成绩.管理员端可以进行数据修改.
2,主要运用的技术:前端(bootstrap+jQuery+html+js+css)后端(django2.0+Python)数据库(MySQL).
3,使用流程:教师组卷--------学生接收试卷--------学生在线考试------------考试结束----------系统分析学生成绩----------教师查看成绩.
4,不足点<系统没有设计防作弊的系统>
二:项目过程:
1,分析表与表之间的关系如下图:
![Python-django在线考试系统搭建[前端+后端 ]_第1张图片](http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/9e1312aa35754e50a1989c0c7905f5af.jpg)
2,分析完表之后在合适的目录下创建项目还是老三样(创建项目这里不做说明,可以搜索自学堂查看django相关教程)
3,配置stting文件(主要激活应用,添加APP,改汉语,修改数据库)
"""
Django settings for exm_project project.
Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 2.0.
For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/topics/settings/
For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/ref/settings/
"""
import os
# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/howto/deployment/checklist/
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '(@cj^i*y#owss&s$nu=cuu%h931hcq$*gx)0vq@06+g@s#-akp'
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'student',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
#'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'exm_project.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'exm_project.wsgi.application'
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'exam',
'USER':'root',
'PASSWORD':'root',
}
}
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/shanghai'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/howto/static-files/
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates'),
]
4,大家一定不能忘记在_init_.py中添加import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()不然会报错
5,表的设计:<将代码写在创建的APP目录下的models中>
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
SEX=(
('男','男'),
('女','女'),
)
DEPT=(
('计算机与通信学院','计算机与通信学院'),
('电气与自动化学院','电气与自动化学院'),
('外国语学院','外国语学院'),
('理学院','理学院'),
)
class Student(models.Model):
id = models.CharField('学号',max_length=20,primary_key=True)
name = models.CharField('姓名',max_length=20)
sex = models.CharField('性别',max_length=4,choices=SEX,default='男')
dept = models.CharField('学院',max_length=20,choices=DEPT,default=None)
major = models.CharField('专业',max_length=20,default=None)
password = models.CharField('密码',max_length=20,default='111')
email = models.EmailField('邮箱',default=None)
birth = models.DateField('出生日期')
class Meta:
db_table='student'
verbose_name='学生'
verbose_name_plural=verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.id;
class Teacher(models.Model):
id = models.CharField('教工号',max_length=20,primary_key=True)
name = models.CharField('姓名',max_length=20)
sex = models.CharField('性别',max_length=4,choices=SEX,default='男')
dept = models.CharField('学院',max_length=20,choices=DEPT,default=None)
email = models.EmailField('邮箱',default=None)
password = models.CharField('密码',max_length=20,default='000000')
birth = models.DateField('出生日期')
class Meta:
db_table='teacher'
verbose_name='教师'
verbose_name_plural=verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.name;
class Question(models.Model):
ANSWER=(
('A','A'),
('B','B'),
('C','C'),
('D','D'),
)
LEVEL={
('1','easy'),
('2','general'),
('3','difficult'),
}
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
subject = models.CharField('科目',max_length=20)
title = models.TextField('题目')
optionA = models.CharField('A选项',max_length=30)
optionB = models.CharField('B选项',max_length=30)
optionC = models.CharField('C选项',max_length=30)
optionD = models.CharField('D选项',max_length=30)
answer = models.CharField('答案',max_length=10,choices=ANSWER)
level = models.CharField('等级',max_length=10,choices=LEVEL)
score = models.IntegerField('分数',default=1)
class Meta:
db_table='question'
verbose_name='单项选择题'
verbose_name_plural=verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return '<%s:%s>'%(self.subject,self.title);
class Paper(models.Model):
pid=models.ManyToManyField(Question)
tid=models.ForeignKey(Teacher,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
subject=models.CharField('科目',max_length=20,default='')
major=models.CharField('考卷适用专业',max_length=20)
examtime=models.DateTimeField()
class Meta:
db_table='paper'
verbose_name='试卷'
verbose_name_plural=verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.major;
class Grade(models.Model):
sid=models.ForeignKey(Student,on_delete=models.CASCADE,default='')#添加外键
subject=models.CharField('科目',max_length=20,default='')
grade=models.IntegerField()
def __str__(self):
return '<%s:%s>'%(self.sid,self.grade);
class Meta:
db_table='grade'
verbose_name='成绩'
verbose_name_plural=verbose_name6,生成迁移文件
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
7,一切准备就绪之后,我们进行路由,模板和视图的制作.
urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from student.views import *
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('',index),
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from student import models
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.contrib.auth import logout
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
return render(request,'index.html')
在线考试系统
学生信息
属性
信息
学号
{
{ student.id }}
姓名
{
{ student.name }}
性别
{
{ student.sex }}
学院
{
{ student.dept }}
专业
{
{ student.major }}
邮箱地址
{
{ student.email }}
出生日期
{
{ student.birth }}
{#学生登录的模态对话框#}
{#老师登录的模态对话框#}
江苏农林职业技术学院 © 2020, All Rights Reserved
在模板中我们将bootstrap使用cdn引入
8,完成路由的配置,我们打开cmd 到相应位置输入python manage.py runserver
9,到浏览器输入http://127.0.0.1:8000/即可看到如下内容:
![Python-django在线考试系统搭建[前端+后端 ]_第2张图片](http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/57f2e2d174d24c6e82aed8873314a0b8.jpg)
10,明天我们进行学生登录,教师登录的制作.