可以对接口访问的频次进行限制,以减轻服务器压力。
一般用于付费购买次数,投票等场景使用.
可以在配置文件中,使用DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES
和 DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES
进行全局配置,
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': (
'rest_framework.throttling.AnonRateThrottle', #匿名用户,未登录的
'rest_framework.throttling.UserRateThrottle' #经过登录之后的用户
),
'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
'anon': '100/day',
'user': '1000/day'
}
}
DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES
可以使用 second
, minute
, hour
或day
来指明周期。
源码:
{'s': 1, 'm': 60, 'h': 3600, 'd': 86400} m表示分钟,可以写m,也可以写minute
也可以在具体视图中通过throttle_classess属性来配置,如
from rest_framework.throttling import UserRateThrottle
from rest_framework.views import APIView
class ExampleView(APIView):
throttle_classes = (UserRateThrottle,) #局部配置
...
1) AnonRateThrottle
限制所有匿名未认证用户,使用IP区分用户。
使用DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES['anon']
来设置频次
2)UserRateThrottle
限制认证用户,使用User id 来区分。
使用DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES['user']
来设置频次
3)ScopedRateThrottle (待定…)
限制用户对于每个视图的访问频次,使用ip或user id,先找的用户id,没有设置用户id的话就会使用ip地址。
例如: 全局
class ContactListView(APIView):
throttle_scope = 'contacts'
...
class ContactDetailView(APIView):
throttle_scope = 'contacts'
...
class UploadView(APIView):
throttle_scope = 'uploads'
...
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': (
'rest_framework.throttling.ScopedRateThrottle',
),
'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
'contacts': '1000/day',
'uploads': '20/day'
}
}
全局配置中设置访问频率
'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
'anon': '3/minute',
'user': '10/minute'
}
from rest_framework.authentication import SessionAuthentication
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveAPIView
from rest_framework.throttling import UserRateThrottle
class StudentAPIView(RetrieveAPIView):
queryset = Student.objects.all()
serializer_class = StudentSerializer
authentication_classes = [SessionAuthentication]
permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated]
throttle_classes = (UserRateThrottle,)
ScopedRateThrottle局部使用示例
settings.py内容
'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
'xx': '3/minute',
'oo': '5/minute',
},
views.py内容
from rest_framework.throttling import ScopedRateThrottle
class StudentAPIView(ListAPIView):
queryset = models.Student.objects.all()
serializer_class = StudentModelSerializer
throttle_classes = [ScopedRateThrottle,]
throttle_scope = 'xx'
class StudentAPI2View(ListAPIView):
queryset = models.Student.objects.all()
serializer_class = StudentModelSerializer
throttle_classes = [ScopedRateThrottle, ]
throttle_scope = 'oo'
urls.py内容
path(r'students/',views.StudentAPIView.as_view()),
path(r'students2/',views.StudentAPI2View.as_view()),