116. Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node 填充每个节点的下一个右侧节点指针

题目链接
tag:

• Medium；You are given a perfect binary tree where all leaves are on the same level, and every parent has two children. The binary tree has the following definition:

struct Node {
int val;
Node *left;
Node *right;
Node *next;
}

Populate each next pointer to point to its next right node. If there is no next right node, the next pointer should be set to NULL.

Initially, all next pointers are set to NULL.

question：
  Given two non-negative integers num1 and num2 represented as string, return the sum of num1 and num2.

Example:

Input: {"id":"2","left":{"id":"4","left":null,"next":null,"right":null,"val":5},"val":2},"next":null,"right":{"id":"6","left":null,"next":null,"right":null,"val":6},"next":null,"right":{"$id":"7","left":null,"next":null,"right":null,"val":7},"val":3},"val":1}

Output: {"id":"2","left":{"id":"4","left":null,"next":{"id":"6","left":null,"next":null,"right":null,"val":7},"right":null,"val":6},"right":null,"val":5},"right":null,"val":4},"next":{"ref":"5"},"next":null,"right":{"ref":"4"},"val":2},"next":null,"right":{"$ref":"7"},"val":1}

Explanation: Given the above perfect binary tree (Figure A), your function should populate each next pointer to point to its next right node, just like in Figure B.

思路：
  这道题实际上是树的层序遍历的应用，既然是遍历，就有递归和非递归两种方法，最好两种方法都要掌握，都要会写。下面来看递归的解法，由于是完全二叉树，所以若节点的左子结点存在的话，其右子节点必定存在，所以左子结点的next指针可以直接指向其右子节点，对于其右子节点的处理方法是，判断其父节点的next是否为空，若不为空，则指向其next指针指向的节点的左子结点，若为空则指向NULL，代码如下：

/*
// Definition for a Node.
class Node {
public:
    int val;
    Node* left;
    Node* right;
    Node* next;

    Node() {}

    Node(int _val, Node* _left, Node* _right, Node* _next) {
        val = _val;
        left = _left;
        right = _right;
        next = _next;
    }
};
*/
class Solution {
public:
    Node* connect(Node* root) {
        if (!root) return NULL;
        if (root->left) root->left->next = root->right;
        if (root->right) root->right->next = root->next? root->next->left : NULL;
        connect(root->left);
        connect(root->right);
        return root;
    }
};