the majority/minority of 大，小部分
Be superio/interior to比... 好，差
在各种...之中Among various kinds of/Of all the sports ,I like jogging in particular.
众所周知As is known to all,It has been universally acknowledged that..
It's a well-known fact/all known/known to us all/universally acknowledged that disposable plastic bags can bring/do great damage/harm /be harmful to the environment.
There is no denying that
+
Nothing is more important than to keep fit/Protect our environment/Gain knowledge
There is no denying that she is the most charming actor I have ever seen
A is important/vital/indispensable to B
→A is to B what water is to fish
Practice is to study what water is to fish
more and more people/adj
→people in mounting numbers
Only with joint efforts ,can we enjoy an increasingly beautiful environment
Nowadays/Currently/Recently, the trend of globalization is/has becoming increasingly prominent/evident/obvious/clear.
现在，全球化趋势日渐明显。
Youngsters and teenagers/Youngsters on campus 年轻人/大学生 in mounting numbers find getting good jobs becomes increasingly difficult
替换Result in/ lead to /cause→
Be responsible for
It is pressure and tiredness that often contribute to a lack of concentration(强调句:引出全文主旨，现象It is/was 主语who(人)/that(物) 谓语 宾语)
重视pay attention to /place emphasis on→
We should shed light on mental and physical health of kids.
许多A majority/sea/galaxy/train of
花时间spend in+时间on+钱
It is he who devotes all his spare time to reading/noun
Put up or shut up!
你行你上，不行闭嘴!
"Put up"这个词组我们比较熟悉的意思比如"put up a building"(建造一栋楼), "put up a poster"(张贴海报)，而这里指"直接行动"。对那些自己没有行动，只知道瞎指挥别人的人，这一句太实用了！
② I'm not going to put up with this!
我再也受不了啦!
"Put up with"意思是"忍受"，当有人对你提出不合理的要求，忍无可忍，无需再忍！
（一）段首句
1. 对立法
先引出其他人的不同看法，然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法，适用于有争议性的主题。
(1)When asked about..., the vast majority of people say that…. But I think/view a bit differently.
(2)When it comes to ...., some people believe that…. Others argue/claim that the opposite is true. There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements, but I tend to the former/latter.
(3)Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that.....They claim/ believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether...
2. 现象法
引出要剖析的现象或者问题，然后评论。
(1)Recently the rise in the problem/phenomenon of ... has caused/aroused public/popular/wide/ world wide concern.
(2)Recently the issue of the problem/phenomenon of ...has been brought into focus/into public attention.
3. 观点法
开门见山，直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法。
(1)Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that...
(2)Now there is a(n) growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to...
(3)Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of...
(4)Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that...
4. 引用法(As the saying goes) Just as Bill Gates ,the CEO of Microsoft/Alexander Dumas ,a French writer ,once said: ".."
先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法，来引出文章要展开论述的观点!
(1)"Knowledge is power." This is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people.
(2)"Education is not complete with graduation." This is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share hisopinion.
(3)"...."We often hear statements/words like this.
(4)We often hear such traditional complains as this "..."
In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this "......"
5. 比较法
通过对过去、现在两种不同的倾向、观点的比较，引出文章要讨论的观点。
(1)For years, ...had been viewed as .... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ..., people ...
(2)People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now share this new idea.
6. 故事法
先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣，引出文章的主题
(1)Once (in a newspaper), I read of/learnt..... The phenomenon of ... has aroused public concern.
(2)Once upon a time, there lived a man who .... This story may be(unbelievable), but it still has a realistic significance(意义，重要性)now.
1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……
There aredifferent opinions among people as to……Some people suggest that
……
2. 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying……It's the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correctin many cases even today.
3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。
Today, …… whichhave brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ……
Second,……Whatmakes things worse is that…….
4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。
Nowadays，it is common to ……. Many people like …… because ……
Besides，……
5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and …… is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
There is no doubt that there are good chances and bad chances.
However one/every/each has two sides,because it's new dosen't mean it's always good.
6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……
People’sopinions about …… vary from person to person. Some people say
that ……To them,……
7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。
Man is nowfacing a big problem …… which is becoming more and more serious.
8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。
……has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heateddebates are right on their way.
9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。
……has been playing an increasingly importantrole in our day-to-day life.it
has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it
can be seen that……while. Obviously，……but why?
现象In view of the fact that/practical need of society ,an increasing/considerable number of people have to start learning English
（二）中间段落句
1. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。
On the contrary，there are some people in favor of……at the same time，they say……
2. 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。
But I don't think it is a very good way tosolve …….For example，……Worst of all，…….
3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……
……is necessary and important to our country'sdevelopment and construction. First，……What's more, ……Mostimportant of all,……
4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。
There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can……
5. 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，
Confronted with……we should take a series of effective measures to…….
For one thing，For another，
6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。
It is high time that something was done about it. For example. ……In addition.……All
these measures will certainly…….
8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。
However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ……also has its own disadvantages, such as ……
9. 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。
Nonetheless, I believe that ……is more advantageous.
10. 完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：
I fully agree with the statement that ……because…….
（三）结尾句
If one can really put the three points into action/practice ,he will surely be able to live a healthy and happy life.
If we can carry out what is/do as mentioned above ，there is/will/can be no doubt that we can get a good command of english.
至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I
think that……
总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。
In a word,the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ……Only in this way can ……in the future.
5. 随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自己的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。
With the development of society, ……So it's urgent and necessary to ……If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.
With the rapid development (of Taiwan's) economy ,a lot of social problems have emerged/come to pass
Recently, the problem of .. has drawn/aroused pubic/wide(spread) concern
With the advance/development of science and technology,...随着科技的进步
With the increase/growth of the (urban) population ,.. Recent years have seem a tendency in China that tourism is growing faster.
With the wide(spread) use of email, ..
With the advent of the Internet ..
6. 至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……
For my part, I think it reasonable to…… Only in this way can you…
8. 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。
It is difficult to say whether ……is good or not in general as it depends
very much on the situation of…….however, from a personal/my point of view
9. 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……
From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion
that……
10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……
If we cannot take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable
result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is
告知信结构
写封邮件告知你的队友Chris球队近期将参加比赛
内容包括：
1. 比赛信息；
2. 赛前准备；
3. 表达期待。
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
告知信结构
开头
写信原因、背景
Note:
简要地由写作背景等引出写告知信的目的
写信目的
正文
时间、地点
Note:
告知事项描述的完整性和衔接性，必要时还要有文化的传承性
诚恳邀请对方来参加活动，或者体验中国某个文化习俗
『佳句赏析』
描述写信背景、目的的佳句
A fierce volleyball match will take place in our school stadium on the first Sunday of next month.
As the captain of our school volleyball team, I'm writing to invite you to participate in our game.
I'm writing to let you know that we will have a volleyball competition next month.
描述赛前准备的佳句
For good performance for the competition, we must make full preparations and practice hard.
As a member of the team, proper preparations on your part will be appreciated.
So starting tomorrow, we all need to train for 2 hours after school every day. In addition, we should avoid getting hurt during the training.
描述诚邀参赛、表达期望的佳句
Knowing that you're excellent prayer, I really hope you can be the member of our team.
With you on our team, we have every hope of defeating them.
?Only if you join our team will we be the strongest team that we can win this fierce match.
? With you participating, we will win the competition.
假定你是李华，暑期在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办画展览。请写一封信申请做志愿者
开头句:
The reasons why I think I am qualified for the English announcer are as follows
以下是我能胜任英语广播员的原因
I’m glad to learn that you want a/an……
我很高兴得知你们需要一名……
中间句:
I have a strong sense of responsibility
我有很强的责任感
? As a member of the English Club，I have attended various English speaking contests and won the first prize several times, which greatly enrich my skill on English speaking.
作为英语俱乐部的一员，我参加过各种英语演讲比赛，多次获得一等奖，极大地丰富了我的英语演讲能力。
I have some work experience in this field
我在这方面有一些工作经验
I firmly believe that I can acquire more knowledge about broadcasting than others.
我坚信我比其他人具备更多关于广播的知识。
I am enthusiastic and patient enough to handle this job
我有足够的热情和耐心来处理这个工作
结尾句:
I sincerely hope you can give me a chance to work for our school radio station
我真诚地希望你能给我一个为学校广播电台工作的机会
I'd appreciate it if you could give me the opportunity
如果你能给我这个机会，我将不胜感激
I sincerely expect I will be given an opportunity to serve for our school radio station
我真诚地希望能有机会为我们学校的广播电台服务
I hold the belief that I am quite suitable for this position
我坚信我很适合这个职位
短语
apply for this position
申请这个职位
be familiar with sth
熟悉……
be qualified for this position
能够胜任这份工作
have a gift for sth
对……有天赋
have some unique comprehensions about sth
对……有独特的理解力
have a good knowledge of sth
精通掌握……
communicate with sb well
和某人很好的交流
have the ability to do sth
有能力做……
be competent to do sth
有能力做……
通知的结构
通知结构
标题
口头（Announcement）；
书面（Notice）
正文
事件（第一段）
时间、地点（第二段）
注意事项（第三段）
结尾
?落款
口头通知格式
假定你是高中学生会你校学生会计划为来访朋友举办一场晚，请写一则英语广播通知，欢迎同学们参加。
要点如下：
1.晚会目的：欢迎来访的朋友；
2.时间：11月18日（星期四）晚六点；
3. 地点：学校图书馆的阅览室；
4. 活动安排：文娱节目（包括唱歌、跳舞等）。
注意：
1. 词数100字左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Announcement
Ladies and gentlemen /Boys and girls. Attention please, everyone. I have an announcement to make.
正文
That’s all. Thank you very much
School Office（可无）
July 8 , 2018（可无）
口头通知常用句式
(1)开头句式（引起被通知者注意）
May I have your attention, please?
Attention please, everyone. I have an announcement to make.
Bequite，please.
(2) 中间句式（注意事项） Everyone is asked to be there on time.
Besure not to be late.
Please take your notebooks with you and be sure on time.
(3) 结束语 That's all. Thank you very much.
Any questions? Does everyone understand?
Thank you for listening
书面通知格式
2018 全国II卷
你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英文短片Growing Together,
内容包括：
1. 短片内容：学校的发展；
2. 放映时间、地点；
3. 欢迎对短片提出意见。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
与口头通知有所不同，书面通知格式更为规范。
通知上方正中间处标题为NOTICE或Notice；
标题下方为通知正文，正文后右下角要有发通知人或单位以及发通知时的日期
NOTICE
There is a short English film---Growing Together this weekend…..
正文
Looking forward to your participation.
School Office
July 8 ， 2018
书面通知常用句式（来自学生习作）
(1) 开头要 “开门见山点明主旨”
? In order to help you have a better understanding of...,there will be a short film shown…
?In order to learn more about the development of our school, all the students are welcome to watch the short film Growing Together, which is a documentary on the history of our school.
?An exciting activity...is around the corner.
?The students'Union has decided to organize a music festival on Friday, March 6.
(2) 中间句式（注意事项）
?As scheduled, the short film will be held in Room 3 at half past four this afternoon.
?There will be a film on the education of high school in China from 2:00 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. on July 8th in Room 520. ?All the students are welcomed to view the film on time, especially those who are the members of ......
?We encourage any kind of feedback on the film from our viewers.
(3) 结束语 Don't miss the chance of doing sth. We are looking forward to your participation.
诚恳邀请对方来参加此项活动或者体验文化习俗
相关框架句
开头句：
1. How is everything with you? I am writing to tell you that there will be a......
最近还好吗？我写信是想告诉你，我们将......
2. I think it would be a great idea if you could participate in......
如果你能参加......那真是太好了！
3. We would feel much honored if you could come......
如果你能来我们将不胜感激
4. If you have no other plans for this weekend night, will you do us a favor of going to our party?
如果您周末晚上没有其他安排，能否赏脸来我们的晚会？
中间句：
1. The occasion/activity will start at....... This will be followed ......
活动将于......开始，接下来的安排......
2. It will begin at 2:00 pm and last two hours, during which time 15 well-prepared contestants will deliver their speeches.
晚会将于下午两点钟开始，四点钟结束，在此期间将会有15位准备充分的参赛者发表演讲。
结尾
1. I sincerely hope you can accept our invitation/ join us and I have the confidence that......
我真诚地希望你能接受我们的邀请/加入我们，我相信.....
2. Would you please let me know as soon as possible if you can accept my invitation?
如果你能接受我的邀请可否尽早让我知道？
3. I am longing to see you soon.
我期待着尽早见到你。
broaden my horizons
开阔我的眼界
be devoted to doing…
专心做某事
have different views on …
关于……看法不同
make full use of every chance to do…
充分利用机会做……
improve the efficiency of our study
提高我们的学习效率
In this age of information/In the information age, the Internet plays an increasing/extremely/exceedingly/outstandingly important role/part in …起着越来越重要的作用
A carry more weight than B
It is important/necessary/essential/advisable/indispensable(for sb) to do/that we should keep the pubic places clean. It is high time we did sth It is proper for us to keep同上
do everything in one’s power to perform well in the volunteer job
竭尽某人的全力做好志愿者的工作
满分佳句
I wish that you could grasp this opportunity to learn traditional Chinese culture further.
我希望你能抓住这个机会，进一步学习中国传统文化。
满分佳句
I have been occupied with my study，preparing for the coming College Entrance Examination, which is of vital importance to us.
我一直忙于学习，备战对我们至关重要的高考。
As for your last letter asking about my study and life, I'd like to share with you how I'm getting along with.
至于你上封信，问及我的学习和生活问题，我想告诉你我的情况
满分作文佳句摘抄
Exams can help you check how you're getting along with your studies, so you have got to adopt a right attitude to them.
考试可以帮助检查你的学习情况，所以你应对学习有一个正确的态度。
I’m convinced that the knowledge will be very beneficial when we communicate with people from other cultures.
我相信当我们与来自其他文化的人们交流时，这些知识非常有益。
attach importance to sth
对……重视
get actively involved in sth
积极参加
be absorbed in(doing) sth
专心于
be engaged in (doing) sth
专心致志于
can hardly wait to do
迫不及待做某事
have the ability to do sth
有能力做……
be qualified for sth
可胜任……
have no difficulty in doing sth
做……没有困难
make preparations for sth
为……做准备
have rich experience in doing sth
某事有丰富的经验
make it a point to do sth
一定做某事
a variety of activities
各种各样的活动
enable us to know each other
使我们更好地相互了解
I hold the belief that….
我相信…
pay a visit to our school
参观我校
feel an urge to do sth
渴望做……
I have a strong sense of responsibility and I have accumulated rich experience.
我有很强的责任感，积累了丰富的经验。
For good performance in the match, we must get fully prepared and practice hard.
为了在比赛中取得好的表现，我们必须做好充分的准备，努力练习。
With your participation, we have every hope of winning the fiercer match.
有了你的加入，我们很有希望赢得这场激烈的比赛。
Following the opening ceremony is a time when talented students play various fantastic performances, after which there will be an exhibition concerning the theme of “A History of Chinese Music”.
在开幕式之后，就是学生们各种精彩的表演时间，在这之后，我们还将举办一场有关“中国音乐史”主题的展览。
佳句
I’m convinced that not only will your involvement help us win an award but also it will enhance the friendship between our schools.
我相信你的参与不仅能帮助我们获奖，而且能促进我们学校之间的友谊。
“_______________”, as the old/well-known proverb/saying/remark says.
The proverb is rather thought-provoking, which tells us the real meaning of _______.
名词 respect 或动名词短语 respecting others;
A bad beginning makes a bad ending.不善始者不善终。
A bad thing never dies.遗臭万年。
A bad workman always blames his tools.不会撑船怪河弯。
A bird in the hand is worth than two in the bush.一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。
A boaster and a liar are cousins-german.吹牛与说谎本是同宗。
A bully is always a coward.色厉内荏。
A burden of one's choice is not felt.爱挑的担子不嫌重
A candle lights others and consumes itself.蜡烛照亮别人，却毁灭了自己。
A cat may look at a king.人人平等。
A close mouth catches no flies.病从口入。
Adversity leads to prosperity.穷则思变。
Adversity makes a man wise， not rich.逆境出人才。
A fair death honors the whole life.死得其所，流芳百世。
A faithful friend is hard to find.知音难觅。
A fall into a pit， a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。
A fox may grow gray， but never good.江山易改，本性难移。
A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。
A friend is easier lost than found.得朋友难，失朋友易。
A friend is never known till a man has need.需要之时方知友。
A friend without faults will never be found.没有十全十美的朋友。
A good beginning is half the battle/done.良好的开端是成功的一半。
A good beginning makes a good ending.善始者善终。
A good book is a good friend.好书如挚友。
A good book is the best of friends， the same today andforever.一本好书，相伴一生。
A good conscience is a soft pillow.不做亏心事，不怕鬼叫门。
A good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口。
A hedge between keeps friendship green.君子之交淡如水。
A joke never gains an enemy but loses a friend.戏谑不能化敌为友，只能使人失去朋友。
A leopard cannot change its spots.积习难改。
A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth.说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。
A light heart lives long.静以修身。
A little body often harbors a great soul.浓缩的都是精品。
A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.一知半解，自欺欺人。
A little pot is soon hot.狗肚子盛不得四两油。
All good things come to an end.天下没有不散的筵席。
All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。
All that ends well is well.结果好，就一切都好。
All that glitters is not gold.闪光的不一定都是金子。
All things are difficult before they are easy.凡事总是由难而易。
A man becomes learned by asking questions.不耻下问才能有学问。
A man can do no more than he can.凡事都应量力而行。
A man cannot spin and reel at the same time.一心不能二用。
A man of words and not of deeds is like a garden full ofweeds.光说空话不做事，犹如花园光长刺。
A merry heart goes all the way.心旷神怡，事事顺利。
A miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘，差之千里。
A mother's love never changes.母爱永恒。
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一天一苹果，不用请医生。
A new broom sweeps clean.新官上任三把火。
An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.一日之计在于晨。
An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.预防为主，治疗为辅。
A rolling stone gathers no moss.滚石不生苔，转业不聚财。
As a man sows， so he shall reap.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。
A single flower does not make a spring.一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。
A sound mind in a sound body.健全的精神寓于健康的身体。
A still tongue makes a wise head.寡言者智。
A stitch in time saves nine.小洞不补，大洞吃苦。
A straight foot is not afraid of a crooked shoe.身正不怕影子斜
Failure isthe mother of success.
Practice makes perfect.
Actions speak louder than words.
Don't put off till tomorrow what should bed one today.
Time and tide wait for no man.
A load of crap胡说八道，没有意义的话，傻
simile
Just as parent must learn to explain things to a child on a basic level ,so too the politicians have to publicize their policies in normal words to audience.