英语单词学习-be

be既是助动词、系动词,也是实义动词

be做实义动词时表达『存在』的意思,说明某样东西是如何存在的,以什么形式存在的,在哪里存在的,等等,不仅仅是我们通常理解的『是』的意思。

例句:
How long ago was it(=did it happen)?
这是什么时候的事了?(存在)
The party will be(=take place)in a week.
晚会一周后举行
When is the wedding to be?
婚礼什么时候举行?
They think that such a thing cannot be.
他们认为这样的事是不可能发生的
What must be, must be
该发生的事总是要发生的
"To be or not to be" that is the question.
活着还是死亡,问题就在这里
I think, so I am
我思故我在
I'm sorry, the meeting's already been
对不起,会议已经开过了

以上句子全部是用be来表达的,但因为其对应的汉语意思中都有一个动词存在,我们常常会优先使用动词来表达,这样就要求对词汇大量记忆:

例句:
I'll be there soon.
I'll arrive there soon.
我很快就到
I think we were between the floors
I think we were stuck between the floors
我想我们是被卡在楼层中间
Do you know why you're here?
Do you know why you come here?
知道为什么叫你来吗?
I'm in the company
I'm working in the company
我在这家公司上班
I'm watching movie in the cinema
I'm in the cinema
我在看电影

汉语和英语非常重要的一个区别,就是说汉语比较习惯于用动词,而英语则能不用动词就尽量不用动词。英语更加注重描述一种状态,或者是我们前面所说的存在感。英语的这个特点有助于我们减少对动词的使用,从而降低表达的难度,这也是需要重点掌握的一个技能。

be+不定式结构,可以表示:
1)按计划安排或要发生的事或打算做的事(接近be going to)

例句:
I am to see him today at six o'clock
我今天六点钟和他见面
The book I edited is to appear soon
我编的那本书不久即将出版

2)该做或不该做的事(接近should,must,ought to,have to)

例句:
What am I to do(=what should I do)then?
那么我该做些什么?
In future you are not to go out alone.
以后你不要一个人出去
Such men are to be pitied rather than despised
这种人不应该被看不起而应该同情
He was to do whatever Mr.Buggins told him to do.
他得做伯金斯先让让他做的任何事情

3)能或不能发生的事(接近can,may)

例句:
How am I to pay such a debt?
我怎么能还得起这么一笔债?
Not a cloud was to been seen.
天空上看不到一片云彩
We are not to be bullied.
我们是不能被欺辱的

4)将来必然发生的事

例句:
The worst is still to come
最坏的情况还在后头
They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again
他们道别了,完全不知道他们再也不能见面
He didn't know that he was to be become famous later on
他不知道他将来会出名
This I was only to learn later.
这一点我只是以后才知道

5)如果想(用在从句中)

例句:
If we are to be there in time, we'll have to hurry up
如果我们想及时赶到,我们得加紧赶路
if we were to do that, what would you say?
如果我来做这事,你觉得怎样?

6)本来打算

例句:
I was to have seen him last Wednesday, but he did not come
我本来打算要在上星期三和他见面,但是他没来
We were to have been married last year
我们本来打算去年结婚的

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