在开发中,我们经常要考虑一些问题,对敏感词进行过滤,用户是否已经登录,是否需要对他的请求进行拦截,或者领导问现在在线人数有多少人?我们如何实现这些功能哪
@WebFilter
package com.net.firstspringbootproject;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebFilter(filterName = "customFilter",urlPatterns = "/*")
public class CustomFilter implements Filter {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomFilter.class);
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
log.info("===========拦截器初始化==========");
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
log.info("doFilter请求处理");
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
log.info("fifter销毁");
}
}
在application类中添加@ServletComponentScan注解
package com;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
@SpringBootApplication
@ServletComponentScan
@PropertySource(value = "classpath:jdbc.properties",encoding = "utf-8")
public class FirstSpringbootProjectApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(FirstSpringbootProjectApplication.class, args);
}
}
运行结果:略
过滤器已经生效,但若有多个过滤器,无法指定执行顺序,我们可以通过Java类的名称,从A-L,按顺序执行。但这种方式毕竟不大靠谱,所以,有第二种写法,它提供setOrder函数,为filter设置排序值。
package com.net.service;
import com.xmlxy.firstspringbootproject.CustomFilter;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class WebFilterConfig
{
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean someFilterRegistration1()
{
FilterRegistrationBean registration = new FilterRegistrationBean<>();
System.out.println("我执行了。。。。。。。");
registration.setFilter(new CustomFilter());
registration.addUrlPatterns("/*");
registration.setOrder(1);
return registration;
}
}
我们尝试写个demo,验证一下过滤器是否执行。
用户登录对象User.java
package com.net.bean;
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Data
@Component
public class User {
private String user;
private String pwd;
}
登录控制
LoginController.java
package com.net.firstspringbootproject;
import com.xmlxy.bean.User;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
@RestController
public class LoginController {
@RequestMapping(value = "login",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String login(HttpServletRequest request)
{
String user = request.getParameter("user");
String pwd = request.getParameter("pwd");
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
if ("admin".equals(user) && "admin".equals(pwd))
{
User user1 = new User();
user1.setUser(user);
user1.setPwd(pwd);
session.setAttribute("user",user1);
return "登录成功";
}
return "密码错误,登录失败";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "test",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String test()
{
return "test接口";
}
}
CustomFilter.java
package com.net.firstspringbootproject;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
//@WebFilter(filterName = "customFilter",urlPatterns = "/*")
public class CustomFilter implements Filter {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomFilter.class);
String includes[] = {"/login","register"};
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
log.info("===========过滤器初始化==========");
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException
{
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;
servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
String uri = request.getRequestURI();
boolean flag = isNeedFilter(uri);
if (!flag)
{
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
System.err.printf("登录成功");
}else {
if (session != null && session.getAttribute("user") != null)
{
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
}else {
System.err.printf("暂时未登录");
}
}
log.info("doFilter请求处理");
}
public boolean isNeedFilter(String uri)
{
for (String include:includes)
{
if (include.equals(uri))
{
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
log.info("fifter销毁");
}
}
过滤器配置
WebFilterConfig
package com.net.service;
import com.xmlxy.firstspringbootproject.CustomFilter;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class WebFilterConfig
{
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean someFilterRegistration1()
{
FilterRegistrationBean registration = new FilterRegistrationBean<>();
System.out.println("我执行了。。。。。。。");
registration.setFilter(new CustomFilter());
registration.addUrlPatterns("/*");
return registration;
}
}
运行测试。。访问 127.0.0.1/test 控制台
访问 http://127.0.0.1:8080/login?user=admin&pwd=admin,可以看到登录成功
在次访问 127.0.0.1/test 页面显示
所以,我们的过滤器成功过滤未登录的用户
先写个HttpSessionListener 监听器。count 是session的数量(人数),session 创建的时候,会触发监听器的sessionCreated 方法,session销毁的时候,会触发监听器的sessionDestroyed 方法。 在监听器中计算完人数count,把他放进servletContext(可以理解为一个仓库,任意请求可以存储和获取里面的属性)。
注意监听器加上@WebListener,这样就不用配置。
@WebListener
public class CustomLister implements HttpSessionListener {
public int count=0;//记录session的数量
//监听session的创建,synchronized 防并发bug
public synchronized void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent arg0) {
System.out.println("【HttpSessionListener监听器】count++ 增加");
count++;
arg0.getSession().getServletContext().setAttribute("count", count);
}
@Override
public synchronized void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent arg0) {//监听session的撤销
System.out.println("【HttpSessionListener监听器】count-- 减少");
count--;
arg0.getSession().getServletContext().setAttribute("count", count);
}
}
接着写一个查询session 数量的controller,我开始的时候是像下面这样写的,是错误的!
从servletContext 中取出count ,把count返回前端。
@RequestMapping("/count")
@ResponseBody
public String count(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse){
Object count=httpServletRequest.getServletContext().getAttribute("count");
return "count : "+count;
}
这样是错误的,测试你会发现,页面看到count 是null ,因为没有创建session,没有触发监听器的统计方法。于是改一下:
@Controller
public class IndexController {
@RequestMapping("/count")
@ResponseBody
public String count(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse){
HttpSession session = httpServletRequest.getSession();
Object count=session.getServletContext().getAttribute("count");
return "count : "+count;
}
}
HttpSession session = httpServletRequest.getSession(); 作用:该用户如果没有sesision则创建session ,有则取得session不创建。
改成这样测试,看起来是对的,但是有个问题。一个浏览器对应一个session,你打开2个浏览器,看到count是2 ,是对的。但是你关了一个浏览器,再打开,应该是2不变才对,但是变成3 了,原因是session销毁的方法没有执行,重新打开时,服务器找不到用户原来的session ,重新创建了一个session,于是有3个session了,但是浏览器只有2个,也就是模拟应该是只有2个人在线上。
有2个方法可以解决这个问题,一个是在关闭网页的时候,前端去调用一个方法把session销毁。另一个更好的方法是,让服务器记得原来那个session,即把原来的sessionId 记录在浏览器,下次打开时,把这个sessionId发送过去,这样服务器就不会重新创建。
代码修改如下:
@Controller
public class IndexController {
@RequestMapping("/count")
@ResponseBody
public String number(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse){
try{ //把sessionId记录在浏览器
Cookie c = new Cookie("JSESSIONID", URLEncoder.encode(httpServletRequest.getSession().getId(), "utf-8"));
c.setPath("/");
//先设置cookie有效期为2天,不用担心,session不会保存2天
c.setMaxAge( 48*60 * 60);
httpServletResponse.addCookie(c);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
HttpSession session = httpServletRequest.getSession();
Object count=session.getServletContext().getAttribute("count");
return "count : "+count;
}
}
测试达到效果。
监听器的另一种配置方式
@Bean
public ServletListenerRegistrationBean listenerRegistrationBean()
{
ServletListenerRegistrationBean srb = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean();
srb.setListener(new CustomLister());
System.out.println("");
return srb;
}
拦截器,个人理解,在web上有些像是过滤器的补充,它能更精确的控制拦截哪些函数或者字段,在拦截之前或之后做一些操作。我们现在做一个敏感词的拦截,其实这个操作放在过滤器操作也是可以的,但lz因为刚才把拦截用户的操作放在过滤器了,在大规模更改,lz觉得没必要,因为都是大同小异。
CustomInterceptor.java
package com.net.firstspringbootproject;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
public class CustomInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor
{
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomInterceptor.class);
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,Object handler) throws Exception {
log.info("=======拦截器被调用=====");
String url = request.getRequestURI();
if (url != null && url.indexOf("seqing") != -1)
{
PrintWriter printWriter = response.getWriter();
printWriter.write("ming gan ci");
return false;
}
log.info("返回false 则中断请求");
return true;
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView)
{
log.info("请求后调用");
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,Object handler,Exception e)
{
log.info("视图渲染完回调");
}
}
配置拦截
package com.net.service;
import com.xmlxy.firstspringbootproject.CustomFilter;
import com.xmlxy.firstspringbootproject.CustomInterceptor;
import com.xmlxy.firstspringbootproject.CustomLister;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletListenerRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
@Configuration
public class WebFilterConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer
{
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean someFilterRegistration1()
{
FilterRegistrationBean registration = new FilterRegistrationBean<>();
System.out.println("我执行了。。。。。。。");
registration.setFilter(new CustomFilter());
registration.addUrlPatterns("/*");
return registration;
}
@Bean
public ServletListenerRegistrationBean listenerRegistrationBean()
{
ServletListenerRegistrationBean srb = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean();
srb.setListener(new CustomLister());
return srb;
}
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry)
{
/*拦截规则*/
registry.addInterceptor(new CustomInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/*");
}
}
现在测试访问127.0.0.1/seqing,被过滤,要求先登录。我们调用登录接口后,再次调用,发现被拦截了
看下日志调用,可以发现,拦截器是在访问接口前被调用的
这里主要说下拦截器和过滤器的区别和使用场景,通过demo可以发现,它们都能实现权限的检查,日志记录这些功能,主要说下它们的区别
1. 过滤器和拦截器触发的时机是不同的,在进入servlet之前,过滤器就进行预处理了。而拦截器是在调用Controller之前才触发执行,过滤器的范围较广,对所有的请求都起作用,而拦截起只 对action起作用
2.拦截器可以获取IOC容器的各个bean,而过滤器就不行。因为拦截器是spring提供管理的,也因此拦截器可以使用spring的任何资源。
3.拦截器是利用Java反射机制实现,过滤器是函数的回调。因此实现方式是不同的。
监听器:常用统计在线用户,统计网站的访问量,记录用户的访问路径
过滤器:过滤敏感词,权限访问控制
拦截器:权限验证,判断用户是否登录等
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