210. Course Schedule II

topological sort, depth first search 
class Solution(object):
    def findOrder(self, numCourses, prerequisites):
        """
        :type numCourses: int
        :type prerequisites: List[List[int]]
        :rtype: List[int]
        """
        res=[]
        graph=[[] for _ in range(numCourses)]
        visit=[0]*numCourses
        for x,y in prerequisites:
            graph[y].append(x)
        
        def dfs_visit(n):
            if visit[n]==-1:return False
            if visit[n]==1: return True 
            if visit[n]==0:
                visit[n]=-1
                for m in graph[n]:
                    if not dfs_visit(m):
                        return False
                visit[n]=1
                res.insert(0,n)
                return True
    
        for i in range(numCourses):
            if visit[i]==0:
                if not dfs_visit(i):
                    return []
        return res 
        

Kahn's algorithm , breadth first search
class Solution(object):
    def findOrder(self, numCourses, prerequisites):
        """
        :type numCourses: int
        :type prerequisites: List[List[int]]
        :rtype: List[int]
        """
        res=[]
        graph_in,graph_out=collections.defaultdict(set), collections.defaultdict(set)
        for x,y in prerequisites:
            graph_in[x].add(y)
            graph_out[y].add(x)
        s=set([i for i in range(numCourses) if i not in graph_in])
        while s:
            n=s.pop()
            res.append(n)
            for m in graph_out[n]:
                graph_in[m].discard(n)
                if not graph_in[m]:
                    del graph_in[m]
                    s.add(m)
        if graph_in:
            return []
        return res