百行代码简单实现区块链POW(工作量证明)挖矿机制


源码地址:https://github.com/corgi-kx/blockchain_consensus_algorithm/tree/master/pow

工作量证明机制的核心在于不断hash区块自身,将hash值与根据难度值计算出的一串大数对比,如果自身hash小于大数则说明挖矿成功,否则变化自身随机数重新计算。并且程序会随着出块间隔时间动态调节难度值(比如比特币)


区块结构

type block struct {
    //上一个区块的Hash
    Lasthash string
    //本区块Hash
    Hash string
    //区块存储的数据(比如比特币UTXO模型 则此处可用于存储交易)
    Data string
    //时间戳
    Timestamp string
    //区块高度
    Height int
    //难度值
    DiffNum uint
    //随机数
    Nonce int64
}

挖矿函数:
使用math/big包,根据全局变量的难度值diffNum计算出用于实际比较的一串大数newBigint ,并同时将区块hash转换为大数hashInt 两个大数进行数值比较,如果hashInt小于newBigint 则代表挖矿成功

//区块挖矿(通过自身递增nonce值计算hash)
func mine(data string) block {
    if len(blockchain) < 1 {
        log.Panic("还未生成创世区块!")
    }
    lastBlock := blockchain[len(blockchain)-1]
    //制造一个新的区块
    newBlock := new(block)
    newBlock.Lasthash = lastBlock.Hash
    newBlock.Timestamp = time.Now().String()
    newBlock.Height = lastBlock.Height + 1
    newBlock.DiffNum = diffNum
    newBlock.Data = data
    var nonce int64 = 0
    //根据挖矿难度值计算的一个大数
    newBigint := big.NewInt(1)
    newBigint.Lsh(newBigint, 256-diffNum) //相当于左移 1<<256-diffNum
    for {
        newBlock.Nonce = nonce
        newBlock.getHash()
        hashInt := big.Int{}
        hashBytes, _ := hex.DecodeString(newBlock.Hash)
        hashInt.SetBytes(hashBytes) //把本区块hash值转换为一串数字
        //如果hash小于挖矿难度值计算的一个大数,则代表挖矿成功
        if hashInt.Cmp(newBigint) == -1 {
            break
        } else {
            nonce++ //不满足条件,则不断递增随机数,直到本区块的散列值小于指定的大数
        }
    }
    return *newBlock
}
func main() {
    //制造一个创世区块
    genesisBlock := new(block)
    genesisBlock.Timestamp = time.Now().String()
    genesisBlock.Data = "我是创世区块!"
    genesisBlock.Lasthash = "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
    genesisBlock.Height = 1
    genesisBlock.Nonce = 0
    genesisBlock.DiffNum = 0
    genesisBlock.getHash()
    fmt.Println(*genesisBlock)
    //将创世区块添加进区块链
    blockchain = append(blockchain, *genesisBlock)
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        newBlock := mine("天气不错"+strconv.Itoa(i))
        blockchain = append(blockchain, newBlock)
        fmt.Println(newBlock)
    }

运行结果:


image

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