前言
在之前两篇文章中，简单的讲述了在iOS中使用蓝牙所需要的一些必备条件，也讲述了现在主流的蓝牙开发库CoreBluetooth的一些基础使用与必备常识。在这一章，我将代码附上供即将开发蓝牙的小伙伴做一个参考。
蓝牙开发流程
- 1.建立中心角色
- 2.扫描外设(Discover Peripheral)
- 3.连接外设(Connect Peripheral)
- 4.扫描外设中的服务和特征(Discover Services And Characteristics)
- 4.1 获取外设的services
- 4.2 获取外设的Characteristics,获取characteristics的值,,获取Characteristics的Descriptor和Descriptor的值
- 5.利用特征与外设做数据交互(Explore And Interact)
- 6.订阅Characteristic的通知
- 7.断开连接(Disconnect)
实现步骤
1.导入CB头文件,建立主设备管理类,设置主设备代理
#import
@interface ZQBLEController ()
@property (nonatomic, strong) CBCentralManager *cMgr; /**< 中心管理设备 */
@end
@implementation ZQBLEController
#pragma mark - 懒加载
// 1.建立中心管理者
- (CBCentralManager *)cMgr
{
if (!_cMgr) {
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
/*
设置主设备的代理,CBCentralManagerDelegate
必须实现的：
- (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central;//主设备状态改变调用，在初始化CBCentralManager的适合会打开设备，只有当设备正确打开后才能使用
其他选择实现的委托中比较重要的：
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI; //找到外设
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;//连接外设成功
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//外设连接失败
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//断开外设
*/
_cMgr = [[CBCentralManager alloc] initWithDelegate:self queue:dispatch_get_main_queue()]; // 线程不传默认是主线程
}
return _cMgr;
}
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
self.title = @"BLE";
self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor orangeColor];
// 初始化
[self cMgr];
// 不能在此处扫描,因为状态还没变为打开
//[self.cMgr scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil];
}
2.扫描外设
- 扫描的方法防治cMgr成功打开的代理方法中
- 只有设备成功打开,才能开始扫描,否则会报错
#pragma mark - CBCentralManagerDelegate
// 中心管理者状态改变, 在初始化CBCentralManager的时候会打开设备，只有当设备正确打开后才能使用
- (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central
{
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
switch (central.state) {
case CBCentralManagerStateUnknown:
NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnknown");
break;
case CBCentralManagerStateResetting:
NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateResetting");
break;
case CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported:
NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported");
break;
case CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized:
NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized");
break;
case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff:
NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff");
break;
case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn:
NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn");
// 2.开始扫描周围的外设
/*
第一个参数nil就是扫描周围所有的外设，扫描到外设后会进入
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI;
*/
[self.cMgr scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil];
break;
default:
break;
}
}
// 扫描到设备会进入到此代理方法
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI
{
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, per = %@, data = %@, rssi = %@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, peripheral, advertisementData, RSSI);
// 接下来连接设备
3.连接外设
- 扫描手环,打印结果
- 根据打印结果
// 扫描到设备会进入到此代理方法
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI
{
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, per = %@, data = %@, rssi = %@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, peripheral, advertisementData, RSSI);
// 3.接下来可以连接设备
//如果你没有设备，可以下载一个app叫lightbule的app去模拟一个设备
//这里自己去设置下连接规则，我设置的是二维码扫描到的运动手环的设备号
// 判断设备号是否扫描到
if ([peripheral.name isEqualToString:@"OBand-75"]) {
/*
一个主设备最多能连7个外设，每个外设最多只能给一个主设备连接,连接成功，失败，断开会进入各自的委托
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;//连接外设成功的委托
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//外设连接失败的委托
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//断开外设的委托
*/
// 保存外设,否则方法结束就销毁
self.per = peripheral;
[self.cMgr connectPeripheral:self.per options:nil];
}else
{
// 此处Alert提示未扫描到设备,重新扫描
#warning noCode
NSLog(@"没扫描到 >>>>>>>> %s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
}
// 外设连接成功
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
NSLog(@">>>连接到名称为（%@）的设备-成功",peripheral.name);
}
// 外设连接失败
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error
{
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
// 断开连接(丢失连接)
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error
{
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
4.扫描外设中的服务和特征
设备链接成功后,就可以扫描设备的服务(services)了,同样是通过代理,扫描到结果后会触发某代理方法.
注意:此时CBCentralManagerDelegate已经不能满足需求,需要新的CBPeripheralDelegate来搞定.
该协议中包含了central与peripheral的许多回调方法
(eg.:获取services,获取characteristics,获取characteristics的值,获取characteristics的Descriptor以及Descriptor的值,写数据,读RSSI,用通知的方式订阅数据等等).
- 4.1 获取外设的services
- 首先设置外设的代理,并搜寻services
- 然后在代理方法peripheral:didDiscoverServices:中遍历services
// 外设连接成功
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
NSLog(@">>>连接到名称为（%@）的设备-成功",peripheral.name);
//设置的peripheral代理CBPeripheralDelegate
//@interface ViewController : UIViewController
[peripheral setDelegate:self];
//扫描外设Services，成功后会进入方法：-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{
[peripheral discoverServices:nil];
/*
Discovers the specified services of the peripheral.
An array of CBUUID objects that you are interested in. Here, each CBUUID object represents a UUID that identifies the type of service you want to discover.
*/
}
#pragma mark - CBPeripheralDelegate
// 发现外设的service
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error
{
if (error)
{
NSLog(@">>>Discovered services for %@ with error: %@", peripheral.name, [error localizedDescription]);
return;
}
for (CBService *service in peripheral.services) {
NSLog(@"service.UUID = %@", service.UUID);
//扫描每个service的Characteristics，扫描到后会进入方法： -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error
[peripheral discoverCharacteristics:nil forService:service];
}
}
- 4.2 获取外设的characteris,获取Characteristics的值,获取Characteristics的Descriptor以及Descriptor的值
// 外设发现service的特征
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error
{
if (error)
{
NSLog(@"error Discovered characteristics for %@ with error: %@", service.UUID, [error localizedDescription]);
return;
}
for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics)
{
NSLog(@"service:%@ 的 Characteristic: %@",service.UUID,characteristic.UUID);
}
#warning noCodeFor 优化,分开写是为了让大家看注释清晰,并不符合编码规范
//获取Characteristic的值，读到数据会进入方法：-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics){
[peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:characteristic]; // 外设读取特征的值
}
//搜索Characteristic的Descriptors，读到数据会进入方法：-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics){
[peripheral discoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:characteristic]; // 外设发现特征的描述
}
}
// 获取characteristic的值
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(nonnull CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error
{
//打印出characteristic的UUID和值
//!注意，value的类型是NSData，具体开发时，会根据外设协议制定的方式去解析数据
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, characteristic.UUID:%@ value:%@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, characteristic.UUID, characteristic.value);
}
// 获取Characteristics的 descriptor的值
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForDescriptor:(nonnull CBDescriptor *)descriptor error:(nullable NSError *)error
{
//打印出DescriptorsUUID 和value
//这个descriptor都是对于characteristic的描述，一般都是字符串，所以这里我们转换成字符串去解析
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, descriptor.UUID:%@ value:%@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, descriptor.UUID, descriptor.value);
}
// 发现特征Characteristics的描述Descriptor
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(nonnull CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error
{
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
for (CBDescriptor *descriptor in characteristic.descriptors) {
NSLog(@"descriptor.UUID:%@",descriptor.UUID);
}
}
5.写数据到特征中
- 自定义方法,为了看的更清楚,没别的意思
- 需要注意的是特征的属性是否支持写数据
- (void)zq_peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral writeData:(NSData *)data forCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
{
/*
typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, CBCharacteristicProperties) {
CBCharacteristicPropertyBroadcast = 0x01,
CBCharacteristicPropertyRead = 0x02,
CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse = 0x04,
CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite = 0x08,
CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify = 0x10,
CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicate = 0x20,
CBCharacteristicPropertyAuthenticatedSignedWrites = 0x40,
CBCharacteristicPropertyExtendedProperties = 0x80,
CBCharacteristicPropertyNotifyEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0) = 0x100,
CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicateEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0) = 0x200
};
打印出特征的权限(characteristic.properties),可以看到有很多种,这是一个NS_OPTIONS的枚举,可以是多个值
常见的又read,write,noitfy,indicate.知道这几个基本够用了,前俩是读写权限,后俩都是通知,俩不同的通知方式
*/
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, char.pro = %lu", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, (unsigned long)characteristic.properties);
// 此时由于枚举属性是NS_OPTIONS,所以一个枚举可能对应多个类型,所以判断不能用 = ,而应该用包含&
if (characteristic.properties & CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite) {
// 核心代码在这里
[peripheral writeValue:data // 写入的数据
forCharacteristic:characteristic // 写给哪个特征
type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse];// 通过此响应记录是否成功写入
}
}
6.订阅特征的通知
- 实际核心代码是一个方法
- 一般这两个方法要根据产品需求来确定写在何处
// 设置通知
- (void)zq_peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral setNotifyForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
{
// 外设为特征订阅通知 数据会进入 peripheral:didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:error:方法
[peripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:characteristic];
}
// 取消通知
- (void)zq_peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral cancelNotifyForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
{
// 外设取消订阅通知 数据会进入 peripheral:didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:error:方法
[peripheral setNotifyValue:NO forCharacteristic:characteristic];
}
7.断开连接
// 7.断开连接
- (void)zq_cMgr:(CBCentralManager *)cMgr stopScanAndDisConnectWithPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
// 停止扫描
[cMgr stopScan];
// 断开连接
[cMgr cancelPeripheralConnection:peripheral];
}
优秀的第三方蓝牙库
BabyBluetooth
HLBluetoothDemo