C++面向对象程序设计实践——任务与指导书(3)

实验4:继承与多态

  1. 目的
    (1)加深对封装、继承与派生概念的理解,了解在程序设计中的应用场合;
    (2)熟悉派生类的语法规则,掌握在继承关系下,派生类应承担的工作和对各种成员的访问方法;
    (3)了解在类层次中,基类与派生类的构造与析构次序;
    (4)掌握虚函数的定义方法和多态性的概念,理解虚函数引起的动态联编特性;
    (5)初步掌握利用基类指针和引用直接访问派生类虚函数的程序设计方法。
  2. 步骤
    对于任务中的每个问题,分析并设计解题思路,编制程序,通过观察和调试工具纠错,运行得到正确结果。
  3. 内容
    最少数量要求:题1必做;题2~题3选一。

4.1

假设公司员工分为:雇员(Employee)、经理(Manager)、技术员(Technician)、销售员(Salesman)和销售经理(SalesManager),他们分别包括如下属性(其中的姓名长度不定):
Employee类:姓名、年龄、专业、固定工资
Manager类:姓名、年龄、固定工资、专业、级别、补贴
Technician类:姓名、年龄、固定工资、专业、工作时间、计时工资
Salesman类:姓名、年龄、固定工资、专业、销售额、销售提成比率
SalesManager类:姓名、年龄、固定工资、专业、补贴、销售额、销售提成比率
类中包括的成员函数(要完成操作有):
(1)构造函数;
(2)析构函数;
(3)输入函数;
(4)输出函数;
(5)计算工资函数,计算工资方法如表2:

表2 工资计算方法
人员类别 固定工资 补贴 计时工资 销售提成
Employee 1500 0 0 0
Manager 8000 2000 0 0
Technician 1000 0 100(或根据实际情况修改) 0
Salesman 500 0 0 5%(或根据实际情况修改)
SaleManager 2000 1000 0 2%(或根据实际情况修改)

提示:找到类之间的共性,用继承或多继承实现。

#include
#include
using namespace std;
class employee
{
     
	protected:
		string name,part;
		int age;
		double salary;
	public:
		employee(){
     salary=1500;} 
		
		virtual void input()
		{
     
			cout<<"输入基本信息:"<<endl
			<<"姓名:";cin>>name;cout<<"年龄:";cin>>age;
			cout<<"专业:";cin>>part;
		}
		virtual void display()
		{
     
			cout<<"您的基本信息:"<<endl
			<<"姓名:"<<name<<endl<<"年龄:"<<age<<endl
			<<"专业:"<<part<<endl<<"基础工资:"<<salary<<endl; 
		}
		virtual double salary_calculate()
		{
     
			return salary;
		}
};

class manager:public employee                    //mamanger
{
     
	protected:
		int level;
		double subsidy;
	public:
		manager(){
     salary=8000;subsidy=2000;} 
		virtual void input(){
     
			cout<<"输入基本信息:"<<endl
			<<"姓名:";cin>>name;cout<<"年龄:";cin>>age;
			cout<<"专业:";cin>>part;cout<<"级别:";cin>>level;
		}
		virtual void display(){
     
			cout<<"您的基本信息:"<<endl
			<<"姓名:"<<name<<endl<<"年龄:"<<age<<endl
			<<"专业:"<<part<<endl<<"级别:"<<level<<endl 
			<<"基础工资:"<<salary<<endl<<"补贴:"<<subsidy<<endl; 
		}
		virtual double salary_calculate()
		{
     
			return salary+subsidy;
		}
};

class technician:public employee             //technician
{
     
	protected:
		double worktime;
		double timesalary;
	public:
		technician(){
     salary=1000;timesalary=100;}
		virtual void input(){
     
			cout<<"输入基本信息:"<<endl
			<<"姓名:";cin>>name;cout<<"年龄:";cin>>age;
			cout<<"专业:";cin>>part;
		}
		
		virtual void display()
		{
     
			cout<<"您的基本信息:"<<endl
			<<"姓名:"<<name<<endl<<"年龄:"<<age<<endl
			<<"专业:"<<part<<endl
			<<"基础工资:"<<salary<<endl<<"计时工资:"<<timesalary<<endl; 
		}
		
		virtual double salary_calculate()
		{
     
			cout<<"请输入您的工作时间(以小时为单位):";cin>>worktime;
			return salary+worktime*timesalary;
		}
};

class salesman:public employee                 //saler
{
     
	protected:
		double value;
		double percentage;
	public:
		salesman(){
     salary=500;percentage=0.05;}
		virtual void input()
		{
     
			cout<<"输入基本信息:"<<endl
			<<"姓名:";cin>>name;cout<<"年龄:";cin>>age;
			cout<<"专业:";cin>>part;
		}
		
		virtual void display()
		{
     
			cout<<"您的基本信息:"<<endl
			<<"姓名:"<<name<<endl<<"年龄:"<<age<<endl
			<<"专业:"<<part<<endl 
			<<"基础工资:"<<salary<<endl<<"销售提成:"<<percentage*100<<"%"<<endl; 
		}
		virtual double salary_calculate()
		{
     
			cout<<"请输入您的销售额:";cin>>value;
			return salary+value*percentage;
		}
};

class salesmanager:public employee
{
     
	protected:
		double subsidy;	
		double value;
		double percentage;
	public:
		salesmanager()
		{
     salary=2000;subsidy=1000;percentage=0.02;}
		virtual void input()
		{
     
			cout<<"输入基本信息:"<<endl
			<<"姓名:";cin>>name;cout<<"年龄:";cin>>age;
			cout<<"专业:";cin>>part;
		}
		virtual void display()
		{
     
			cout<<"您的基本信息:"<<endl
			<<"姓名:"<<name<<endl<<"年龄:"<<age<<endl
			<<"专业:"<<part<<endl
			<<"补贴:"<<subsidy<<endl<<"基础工资:"<<salary<<endl
			<<"销售提成:"<<percentage*100<<"%"<<endl; 
		}
		
		virtual double salary_calculate()
		{
     
			cout<<"请输入您的销售额:";cin>>value;
			return salary+subsidy+value*percentage;
		}
};

void salary_display(double s)
{
     
	cout<<"您的工资预计:"<<s<<endl; 
}

int main()
{
     
	int judge; 
	double salary;
	employee A;manager B;technician C;salesman D;salesmanager E;

cout<<endl;
cout<<"    ._________________.    "<<endl
<<"    | _______________ |    "<<endl
<<"    | I             I |    "<<endl
<<"    | I  员工系统   I |    "<<endl
<<"    | I_____________I |    "<<endl
<<"    !_________________!    "<<endl
<<"   (1) 员工          "<<endl 
<<"   (2) 经理            "<<endl
<<"   (3) 技术员            "<<endl
<<"   (4) 销售员              "<<endl
<<"   (5) 销售经理            "<<endl 
<<endl
<<"    选择应聘的职位 :" ;
    cin>>judge;
	cout<<"您应聘的职位是:";
	switch(judge)
	{
     
		case 1:cout<<"员工"<<endl;break;
		case 2:cout<<"经理"<<endl;break;
		case 3:cout<<"技术员"<<endl;break;
		case 4:cout<<"销售员"<<endl;break;
		case 5:cout<<"销售经理"<<endl;break;
	} 
	switch(judge)
	{
     
		case 1:
		A.input();A.display();salary=A.salary_calculate();break;
		case 2:
		B.input();B.display();salary=B.salary_calculate();break;
		case 3:
		C.input();C.display();salary=C.salary_calculate();break;
		case 4:
		D.input();D.display();salary=D.salary_calculate();break;
		case 5:
		E.input();E.display();salary=E.salary_calculate();break;
	}
	salary_display(salary);
	cout<<"欢迎加入!"<<endl;
	return 0; }

4.2

动物园管理程序设计。假设某动物园有20只笼子用于饲养宠物,包括猫和狗。动物园可以收容宠物,也可以被认领出去。猫和狗都有名字属性和“叫”的方法(方法内涵不同)。
要求用一个数据项(如数组等)管理这20只笼子和其中的宠物,另外编制一个函数bark(),用来根据实际对象调用他们“叫”的方法。

#include                 
#include 
#include              
#include               //详情详见7-1,文件流操作以7-1为模板! 
using namespace std;
class animals                         
{
     
protected:
    string name;                    
    string number;     
	string type;  
	bool isfull;                    
public:                          
    virtual void add_pets(){
     }           
    virtual void del_pets(){
     }
	void select(string sign)
	{
     
		isfull=true;
ifstream inData("dwy.txt",ios::in);
if (!inData)
{
     
cout <<endl <<"文件找不到!" <<endl;
system("pause");
return;
}
string str1;
string str;
while (inData>>name>>number)
{
     
getline(inData, str);
if (sign==number)
{
     isfull=false;}

}
}    
    virtual void save_new(){
     } 
	virtual void bark(){
     } 
};
class cat:public animals
{
     
	public:
		void bark()
		{
     
			cout<<"喵!"<<endl; 
		}
		void save_new()                   
	{
     
	type="猫";
	ofstream outData("dwy.txt", ios::app);
	outData <<setiosflags(ios::left)<<setw(17)<<name<<" "<<setw(16)<<number<<" "<<setw(16)<<type<<endl;
	outData.close();
}
		void add_pets()                
		{
     
    		cout<<"请输入宠物信息:" <<endl;
		    cout<<"名称:";cin>>name;
    	    cout<<"编号:";cin>>number;
    	    select(number);
    	    if(isfull==false){
     cout<<"错误!该位置已经有宠物了!"<<endl;
			}
			else{
     
			save_new();
			bark();
			cout<<"宠物信息已经保存!" <<endl;}
			system("pause");                            
		}
		void del_pets() 
		{
     
			{
     
	string sign,str1,str;                  //定义字符串
	bool flag = true;                      //布尔型变量初始为真 
	 cout<<"你要取出的宠物姓名或编号:"<<endl;      //输入要查找的相关信息
     cin>>sign;  
ofstream outData("temp.txt", ios::out);    //磁盘文件的输出 
ifstream inData("dwy.txt", ios::in);     //输入              
while (inData >>name >>number)
{
     
getline(inData, str);                           //接收一个字符串
if ((sign==name) || (sign==number))
{
     
cout <<"你想取出的宠物:"<<endl;
cout <<str1 <<endl;
cout <<setiosflags(ios::left) <<setw(17) <<name<<" " <<number <<str <<endl;        //左对齐 
flag = false;
break;
}
outData <<setiosflags(ios::left) <<setw(17) <<name<<" " <<number <<str <<endl;
}
if (flag)
{
     
cout <<endl <<"不存在此宠物!" <<endl <<endl;
}
else
{
     
while (getline(inData, str))
{
     
outData <<str <<endl;
}
outData.close();
inData.close();
ofstream out("dwy.txt", ios::out);
ifstream in("temp.txt", ios::in);
while (getline(in, str))
{
     
out <<str <<endl;
}
out.close();                //文件流关闭 
in.close();
cout <<endl <<"已提出宠物!" <<endl <<endl;
}
system("pause");    
}                         
     
				 }         
};
class dog:public animals
{
     
	public:
		void bark()
		{
     
			cout<<"汪!"<<endl; 
		}
		void save_new()                   
	{
     
	type="狗";
	ofstream outData("dwy.txt", ios::app);
	outData <<setiosflags(ios::left)<<setw(17)<<name<<" "<<setw(16)<<number<<" "<<setw(16)<<type<<endl;
	outData.close();
}
		void add_pets()                
		{
     
    		cout<<"请输入宠物信息:" <<endl;
		    cout<<"名称:";cin>>name;
    	    cout<<"编号:";cin>>number; 
   	    select(number);
    	    if(isfull==false){
     cout<<"错误!该位置已经有宠物了!"<<endl;
			}
			else{
     
			save_new();
			bark();
			cout<<"宠物信息已经保存!" <<endl;}
			system("pause");                            
		}
		void del_pets() 
		{
     
			{
     
	string sign,str1,str;                              //定义字符串
	bool flag = true;                               //布尔型变量初始为真 
	 cout<<"你要取出的宠物姓名或编号:"<<endl;      //输入要查找的相关信息
     cin>>sign;  
ofstream outData("temp.txt", ios::out);    //磁盘文件的输出 
ifstream inData("dwy.txt", ios::in);     //输入              
while (inData >>name >>number)
{
     
getline(inData, str);                           //接收一个字符串
if ((sign==name) || (sign==number))

{
     
cout <<"你想取出的宠物:"<<endl;
cout <<str1 <<endl;
cout <<setiosflags(ios::left) <<setw(17) <<name<<" " <<number <<str <<endl;        //左对齐 
flag = false;
break;
}
outData <<setiosflags(ios::left) <<setw(17) <<name<<" " <<number <<str <<endl;
}
if (flag)
{
     
cout <<endl <<"不存在此宠物!" <<endl <<endl;
}
else
{
     
while (getline(inData, str))
{
     
outData <<str <<endl;
}
outData.close();
inData.close();
ofstream out("dwy.txt", ios::out);
ifstream in("temp.txt", ios::in);
while (getline(in, str))
{
     
out <<str <<endl;
}
out.close();                //文件流关闭 
in.close();
cout <<endl <<"已提出宠物!" <<endl <<endl;
}
system("pause");    
}                         
 }
};

int main()
{
     
	int judge,judge1;
	cat x;
	dog y; 
	fstream oo("dwy.txt",ofstream::out);
	while(1)
	{
     
		
		cout<<endl;
cout<<"    ._________________.    "<<endl
<<"    | _______________ |    "<<endl
<<"    | I             I |    "<<endl
<<"    | I   宋明桥    I |    "<<endl
<<"    | I     の      I |    "<<endl
<<"    | I   动物园    I |    "<<endl
<<"    | I_____________I |    "<<endl
<<"    !_________________!    "<<endl
<<"   (1) 存放动物          "<<endl 
<<"   (2) 取出动物请按            "<<endl
<<"   (3) 关闭请按            "<<endl
<<endl
<<"    选择 :" ;
		cin>>judge;switch(judge)
		{
     
			case 1:
			cout<<"存放"<<endl
			<<"(1)猫"<<endl
			<<"(2)狗"<<endl;		
			cin>>judge1;
			switch(judge1)
			{
     
			case 1:
			x.add_pets();
			system("cls");                     //清屏操作
			break;
			
			case 2:
			y.add_pets();
			system("cls");                     //清屏操作
			break;
			}
			break;
			case 2:
			cout<<"提取"<<endl
			<<"(1)猫"<<endl
			<<"(2)狗"<<endl;
			cin>>judge1;
			switch(judge1)
			{
     
			case 1:x.del_pets();break;
			case 2:y.del_pets();break;
			}
			break;
			case 3:return 0; 
		}}}

4.3

设计职工信息表
建立职工信息数据,包括职工编号、姓名、性别和年龄。
要求如下:
(1)根据职工信息表,建立只含有姓名和年龄的职工信息简表;
(2)使用继承的方法构造2个类,使用相应的对象数组放置10个职工信息。
(3)编写同名display()成员函数,用来输出数组的内容。
(4)另外编制一个函数print(),用来根据实际对象输出他们的内容。

#include                 
#include 
#include 
#include 
using namespace std;

void Display();
void Printer();
void ShowMenu();
void brevity();
int Menu_select();
void Dispvemps();
void Dispvemp();    //构造的两个类
class employee

{
     

//成员变量

public:

char name[10],id[9];
char *GetName()

{
     
return name;
}

void SetName(char n[])
{
     
strcpy(name,n);
}

char * GetID()
{
     
return id;
}

void SetID(char i[])
{
     
strcpy(id,i);
}

virtual void Display()
{
     cout<<"\t"<<GetID()<<"\t"<<GetName()<<endl;}
};

class employees:public employee
{
     
class employee;
protected:
char sex[4];
int age;

public:

char * GetSex()
{
     
return sex;
}


void SetSex(char s[])
{
     
strcpy(sex,s);
}

int GetAge()
{
     
return age;
}

void SetAge(int a)

{
     
age=a;
}

void WriteFile();
void ReadFile();

//virtual的实现
void Display()

{
     
cout<<GetID()<<"\t"<<GetName()<<"\t"<<GetSex()<<"\t"<<GetAge()<<endl;
}
};

vector<employee>vemp;      //容器
vector<employees>vemps;

void Printer(employee& s)
{
     
s.Display();
}


void AddNew()     //添加新数据

{
     
char ch[5];
int age;
employees emps; 

for (int i=0;i<10;i++)        //连续输入10次 
{
     
cout<<"(请输入数字)——0为退出输入:"<<endl
<<endl 
<<"编号:";
cin.getline(ch,'\n');
if (ch[0]=='0') break;
emps.SetID(ch);
cout<<"姓名:";
cin.getline(ch,'\n');
emps.SetName(ch);
cout<<"性别:";
cin.getline(ch,'\n');
emps.SetSex(ch);
cout<<"年龄:";
cin>>age;
emps.SetAge(age);
vemps.push_back(emps); 
getchar();
emps.WriteFile();
system("cls");                     //清屏操作 
}
}


void employees::WriteFile()       //写入 
{
     
ofstream curFile("Workers.txt");
for(int i=0;i<3;i++) 
{
      
curFile<<id<<'\n'<<name<<'\n'<<sex<<'\n'<<age<<'\n'; 
} 
curFile.close();
}

void employees::ReadFile()
{
     
char line[81]; 
ifstream inFile("Workers.txt");
inFile.getline (line, 80);

if(inFile.eof())
{
     cout<<"没有记录,请先手动打开文件输入信息"<<endl;}

while(!inFile.eof())
{
      
cout<<line<<endl;
inFile.getline (line, 80); 
} 

inFile.close ();
}

void brevity()
{
     
 class employee;
employees emps;
int top=vemps.size();
int size=vemp.size();

if (top==0)                 //检测 
{
     
cout<<"没有建立记录,请先建立记录信息。"<<endl;
return;
}

for(int i=size;i<top;i++)
{
     
vemp.push_back(emps);
strcpy(vemp[i].id,vemps[i].id);
strcpy(vemp[i].name,vemps[i].name);
}
cout<<"信息简表已生成,请继续"<<endl;
system("cls");                     //清屏操作 
}
void Dispvemps()

{
     
void Printer(employee&);

if(vemps.size()==0)
{
     
cout<<"没有输入信息,请先输入信息。"<<endl;
return;
}

else
{
     
cout<<"编号_姓名_性别_年龄"<<endl;

for(int i=0;i<vemps.size();i++)
Printer(vemps[i]);
}
}

void Dispvemp()
{
      
if (vemp.size()==0)
{
     
cout<<"没有生成新的简表,请先生成新的简表"<<endl;
return ;
}

else
{
     
cout<<"编号"
<<endl
<<"姓名"<<endl;
for(int i=0;i<vemp.size();i++)
Printer(vemp[i]); 
}}

void ShowMenu()          //显示菜单并进行处理

{
     
char Menu_sel();
void Dispvemps();
void Dispvemp();
void brevity();

while(1)
{
     
switch( Menu_sel())
{
     
case 'a':
AddNew();
break;

case 'b':
brevity();
break;

case 'c':
Dispvemps();
break;

case 'd':
Dispvemp();
break;

case 'e':
cout<<endl<<"再见!";
return;

default :
return;
}
}
}

char Menu_sel()
{
     
char s[4],ch;
cout<<"    ._________________.    "<<endl
<<"    | _______________ |    "<<endl
<<"    | I             I |    "<<endl
<<"    | I   通讯录    I |    "<<endl
<<"    | I_____________I |    "<<endl
<<"    !_________________!    "<<endl
<<"   (a) 输入职工信息          "<<endl 
<<"   (b) 手动生成信息简表      "<<endl
<<"   (c) 显示原始记录          "<<endl
<<"   (d) 显示简表              "<<endl
<<"   (e) 结束程序运行          "<<endl 
<<endl
<<"    选择 :" ;

gets(s); 
ch=*s;

if(ch<'a'|| ch>'e')
cout<<"错误!(重选a-e:)";

else	
return ch;
}

int main()          //主函数 
{
       
ShowMenu();
}

实验5:运算符重载与流程序设计

  1. 目的
    (1)了解运算符重载的概念与一般方法;
    (2)掌握几种常见运算符的重载方法;
    (3)了解流的含义和主要流类结构;
    (4)掌握构造可流类的方法,即重载输入输出运算符的方法;
    (5)掌握简单的流格式控制技术;
    (6)掌握文件流的操作方法。
  2. 步骤
    对于任务中的每个问题,分析并设计解题思路,编制程序,通过观察和调试工具纠错,运行得到正确结果。
  3. 内容
    最少数量要求:题1~题2选一;题3~题6选一。

5.1

求解有理数分式方程
有理数就是两个整数的比率,通常表示为a/b。其中a称为分子,b成为分母。要求:
(1)分母不能为0;
(2)分子和分母有公约数,应对其进行简化,也就是约分;
(3)对其进行四则运算;
(4)有理数可以比较大小;
(5)附加:重载<<和>>,能够把分数进行整体输入和输出。

#include
using namespace std;
class Rational
{
     
public:
int x;
int y;
Rational(int x1=0,int y1=1){
     x=x1;y=y1;}
Rational operator+(Rational r);//重载加法运算符
Rational operator-(Rational r);//重载减法运算符
Rational operator*(Rational r);//重载乘法运算符
Rational operator/(Rational r);//重载除法运算符
friend istream & operator>>(istream& in,Rational &r);
friend ostream & operator<<(ostream& out,Rational &r); 
};
istream & operator>>(istream& in,Rational &r)
{
      
in>>r.x>>r.y;
if(r.y==0){
     
cout<<"分母不能为0\n";
exit(1);
}
return in;
}
ostream & operator<<(ostream& out,Rational &r)
{
     
int i;
float m,n;
if(r.x<r.y)
for(i=r.x;i>1;i--)
{
     
if(r.x%i==0&&r.y%i==0)
{
     
m=r.x/i;
r.x=m;
r.y=n;
break;
}
return out
}
if(r.x>r.y)
for(i=r.y;i>1;i--)
{
     
if(r.x%i==0&&r.y%i==0)
{
     
m=r.x/i;
n=r.y/i;
r.x=m;
r.y=n;
break;
}}
if(r.y==1)
{
     
out<<"计算结果为:"<<r.x<<endl; 
return out;
}
else
{
     
out<<"计算结果为:"<<r.x<<"/"<<r.y<<endl; 
return out;
}}

Rational Rational::operator+(Rational r) //加
{
     
return Rational(x*r.y+y*r.x,y*r.y);
}
Rational Rational::operator-(Rational r) //减 
{
     
return Rational(x*r.y-y*r.x,y*r.y);
}
Rational Rational::operator*(Rational r) //乘 
{
     
return Rational(x*r.x,y*r.y);
}
Rational Rational::operator/(Rational r) //除 
{
     
return Rational(x*r.y ,y*r.x);
system("pause");
}

int main(){
     
Rational A,B,C;
cout<<"请输入A的值"<<endl;
cin>>A;
cout<<"请输入B的值"<<endl; 
cin>>B;
cout<<"两数之和为:"<<endl; 
C=A+B;
cout<<C;
cout<<"两数之差为:"<<endl;
C=A-B;
cout<<C;
cout<<"两数之积为:"<<endl;
C=A*B;
cout<<C;
cout<<"两数之商为:"<<endl;
C=A/B;
cout<<C;
system("pause");
return 0;
}

5.2

设计字符串类
设计一个自己的字符串类(String)。要求:
(1)各种串操作(子串操作、串复制、串连接),对字符串的界限进行检查和处理;
(2)以复制方式实现串赋值,避免不同指针共享字符串的情况,提高数据的独立性;
(3)使用合适的运算符定义字符串的操作(例如,使用==、>=、<等等)
(4)可以定义一些高层次的操作,例如子串操作、模式匹配

#include
#include
using namespace std;
class String {
     
private:
    char * Pstr;
public:
    String(const char* p = NULL) {
     
        if (p == NULL) {
     
            Pstr = new char[1];
            *Pstr = '\0';
        } else {
     
            Pstr = new char[strlen(p) + 1];
            strcpy(Pstr, p); } }

    String(const String& s): Pstr(new char[strlen(s.Pstr) + 1]) {
     
        strcpy(Pstr, s.Pstr);}

    ~String() {
     
        if (Pstr)
            delete[] Pstr;}
    String& operator=(const String& s) {
     
        if (Pstr == s.Pstr)
            return *this;
        else if (NULL == this) {
     
            delete Pstr;
            Pstr = new char[strlen(s.Pstr) + 1];
            strcpy(Pstr, s.Pstr);
        } else {
     
            strcpy(Pstr, s.Pstr);
        }
        return *this;}

    friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &out, const String &s) {
     
        out << s.Pstr;
        return out;}

    friend istream & operator >>(istream &in, String &s) {
     
        in >> s.Pstr;
        if(in)
            return in;}

    String operator+(const String &s2) {
     
        char *p=new char[strlen(Pstr) + strlen(s2.Pstr)+1];
        p=strcat(Pstr,s2.Pstr);
        return String(p);}
    void operator+=(const String &s2) {
     
        strcat(Pstr, s2.Pstr); }
    char& operator[](int n) {
     
        return Pstr[n]; }
    int Length() {
     
        int n=strlen(Pstr) ;
        return n;
    }
    bool operator==(const String &s2) {
     
        return strcmp(Pstr, s2.Pstr) == 0;
    }
    bool operator<(const String &s2) {
     

        return strcmp(Pstr, s2.Pstr) < 0; }
};

int main() {
     
    String s1("Cprogram"), s2("Cprogram"), s3(s2), s4, s5;
    cout<<"可输出字符测试:(例如:hello)"<<endl;
	s3 = "Hello!";
    cout << "测试前:" << s3 << endl;
    cout << "源字符为:" << s1 << endl;
    s3 = s2;
    cout << "复制前:" << s3 << endl;
    s3 += s2;
    cout << "复制后:" << s3 << endl;
    cout<<endl
    <<endl
<<"    ._________________.    "<<endl
<<"    | _______________ |    "<<endl
<<"    | I             I |    "<<endl
<<"    | I  字符串类   I |    "<<endl
<<"    | I_____________I |    "<<endl
<<"    !_________________!    "<<endl
<<endl	
<<"请输入字符:"<<endl;
    cin >> s4;
    cout << "已输入:" << s4 << endl;
    s5 = s3 + s4;
    cout << "输入后:" << s5 << endl;
    s5[0] = 'g';
    cout << "输入后(首字符更为g):" << s5 << endl;
    cout << "长度:" << s5.Length() << endl;
    cout<<"源字符是否与输入字符长度相同:"<<endl;//判断字符串长度
    cout << boolalpha << (s3 == s1) << endl;   
    cout<<"源字符是否短于输入字符:" <<endl; 
    cout << boolalpha << (s3 < s1) << endl;
    return 0;
}

5.3

修改实验2中定义的集合类,将部分方法修改为重载运算,包括:
(1)Add修改为<<,功能是添加一个元素;
(2)Remove修改为>>,功能是一个元素;
(3)Assign修改为=,功能是集合赋值;
(4)EqualTo修改为==,功能是判别集合是否相等(即是否有相同的元素);
(5)Intersect修改为*,功能是求集合的交集;
(6)Union修改为+,功能是求集合的并集。
此外,为该类添加如下重载运算符方法:
(1)!=:功能是判别两个集合是否不相等;
(2)<:功能是判别一个集合是否为另一个集合的真子集;
(3)<=:功能判别一个集合是否为另一个集合的子集。
(4)-:功能是计算两个集合的差集。

#include 
using namespace std;
const int SetCapacity = 100; 
class set 
{
      
    int elements[SetCapacity];  //数据区 
    int _size;          //元素个数 
    int k;  //计数变量 
  public: 
    set(int *a,int size)
	{
     
		_size=size;
		for(k=0;k<_size;k++)
		{
     
			elements[k]=a[k];
		}
	};             //构造函数 
    set(const set& src)
    {
     
    	this->_size=src._size;
    	for(k=0;k<_size;k++)
    	{
     
    		this->elements[k]=src.elements[k];
		}
	}
    bool Contains(int el)   //是否包含元素el 
    {
     
    	for(k=0;k<_size;k++)
    	{
     
    		if(elements[k]==el)
    		{
     
    			cout<<"Found "<<el<<" at: elements["<<k<<"]."<<endl;
    			return true;
			}
		}
		cout<<"Not found."<<endl;
		return false;
	}
    set operator <<(int el)      //添加元素el
	{
     
		k=_size;
		elements[k]=el;
		_size++;
		cout<<"Successfully added."<<endl;
	} 
    set operator >>(int el)    //删除元素el
    {
     
    	bool search;
    	for(k=0;k<_size;k++)
    	{
     
    		if(elements[k]==el)
    		{
     
    			search=true;
    			break;
			}
		}
		if(search==false)
		{
     
			cout<<"Not found."<<endl;
		}
		else
		{
     
			cout<<"Found "<<el<<" at: elements["<<k<<"]."<<endl;
			int k0;
			for(;k<_size-1;k++)
			{
     
				elements[k]=elements[k+1];
			}
			_size--;
		}
	}
    set operator =(set& st)    //将st赋值给当前集合
    {
     
    	_size=st._size;
    	for(k=0;k<_size;k++)
    	{
     
    		elements[k]=st.elements[k];
		}
	}
    set operator ==(set& st)    //判别集合st与当前集合是否相同(元素相同)
    {
     
    	if(st._size!=_size)
    	{
     
    		cout<<"The set doesn't equals to the other set."<<endl;
    		
		}
		else
		{
     
			bool judge=true;
			for(k=0;k<_size;k++)
			{
     
				if(st.elements[k]!=elements[k])
				{
     
					judge=false;
				}
			}
			if(judge==true)
			{
     
				cout<<"The set equals to the other set."<<endl;
			}
			else
			{
     
				cout<<"The set doesn't equals to the other set."<<endl;
			}
		}
	}
    bool Empty()        //集合是否为空
    {
     
    	if(_size==0)
    	{
     
    		cout<<"The set is empty."<<endl;
    		return true;
		}
		return false;
	}
	set operator *(set& st)   //求集合st 与当前集合的交集
	{
     
		int temp[SetCapacity];
		int tempsize=0;
		int l;
		int tempk=0;
		for(k=0;k<_size;k++)
		{
     
			for(l=0;l<st._size;l++)
			{
     
				if(elements[k]==st.elements[l])
				{
     
					temp[tempk]=elements[k];
					tempsize++;
					tempk++;
				}
			}
		}
		return set(temp,tempsize);
	}
    set operator +(set& st)     //求集合st 与当前集合的并集 
    {
     
    	int temp[SetCapacity];
    	int tempsize=_size;
    	int l;
    	int tempk;
    	bool judge=true;
    	k=0;
    	for(tempk=0;tempk<tempsize;tempk++)
    	{
     
    		temp[tempk]=elements[k];
    		k++;
		}
    	for(l=0;l<st._size;l++)
    	{
     
    		for(k=0;k<_size;k++)
    		{
     
    			if(elements[k]==st.elements[l])
    			{
     
    				judge=false;
    				break;
				}
			}
			if(judge==true)
			{
     
				temp[tempk]=st.elements[l];
				tempk++;
				tempsize++;
			}
			judge=true;
		}
		return set(temp,tempsize);
	}
    void print()
    {
     
    	for(k=0;k<_size;k++)
    	{
     
    		cout<<elements[k]<<" ";
		}
		cout<<endl;
	}
}; 
int main()
{
     
	int a[5]={
     1,2,3,4,5};
	int b[6]={
     3,4,5,6,7,8};
	int size1=5;
	int size2=6;
	set s0(a,size1);
	set s2(a,size1);
	set s3(b,size2);
	s0.print();
	s0.Contains(5);
	s0.Contains(12);
	s0<<6;
	s0.print();
	s0>>2;
	s0.print();
	set s1(s0);
	s1==s0;
	s2==s0;
	set s4=s2*s3;
	set s5=s2+s3;
	s4.print();
	s5.print();
	s5=s4;
	s5.print();
	return 0;
}

5.4

修改实验2中定义的大整数类,实现大整数的赋值、加、减、取负、大于、小于、大于等于、小于等于、自加、相等、不相等运算的重载,并为其增加输入和输出重载运算符方法。

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include //reverse函数所需添加的头文件
using namespace std;
/*大整数类*/
class BigInt
{
     
private:
    inline int compare(string s1, string s2)
    {
     
        if(s1.size() < s2.size())
            return -1;
        else if(s1.size() > s2.size())
            return 1;
        else
            return s1.compare(s2);
    }
public:
    bool flag;//true表示正数,false表示负数,0默认为正数
    string values;//保存所有位上的数字
    BigInt():values("0"),flag(true){
     };//构造函数
    BigInt(string str)//类型转换构造函数(默认为正整数)
    {
     
        values = str;
        flag = true;
    }
public:
    friend ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const BigInt& bigInt);//重载输出操作符
    friend istream& operator>>(istream& is, BigInt& bigInt);//输入操作符重载
    BigInt operator+(const BigInt& rhs);//加法操作重载
    BigInt operator-(const BigInt& rhs);//减法操作重载
    BigInt operator*(const BigInt& rhs);//乘法操作重载
    BigInt operator/(const BigInt& rhs);//除法操作重载
    BigInt operator%(const BigInt& rhs);//求余操作重载
};
/*重载流提取运算符'>>',输出一个整数*/
ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const BigInt& bigInt)
{
     
    if (!bigInt.flag)
    {
     
        os << '-';
    }
    os << bigInt.values;
    return os;
}
/*重载流插入运算符'>>',输入一个正整数*/
istream& operator >> (istream& is, BigInt& bigInt)
{
     
    string str;
    is >> str;
    bigInt.values = str;
    bigInt.flag = true;
    return is;
}
/*
两个正整数相加
*/
BigInt BigInt::operator+(const BigInt& rhs)
{
     
    BigInt ret;
    ret.flag = true;//正整数相加恒为正数
    string lvalues(values), rvalues(rhs.values);
    //处理特殊情况
    if (lvalues == "0")
    {
     
        ret.values = rvalues;
        return ret;
    }
    if (rvalues == "0")
    {
     
        ret.values = lvalues;
        return ret;
    }
    //调整s1与s2的长度
    unsigned int i, lsize, rsize;
    lsize = lvalues.size();
    rsize = rvalues.size();
    if (lsize < rsize)
    {
     
        for (i = 0; i < rsize - lsize; i++)//在lvalues左边补零
        {
     
            lvalues = "0" + lvalues;
        }
    }
    else
    {
     
        for (i = 0; i < lsize - rsize; i++)//在rvalues左边补零
        {
     
            rvalues = "0" + rvalues;
        }
    }
    //处理本质情况
    int n1, n2;
    n2 = 0;
    lsize = lvalues.size();
    string res = "";
    reverse(lvalues.begin(), lvalues.end());//颠倒字符串,以方便从低位算起计算
    reverse(rvalues.begin(), rvalues.end());
    for (i = 0; i < lsize; i++)
    {
     
        n1 = (lvalues[i] - '0' + rvalues[i] - '0' + n2) % 10;//n1代表当前位的值
        n2 = (lvalues[i] - '0' + rvalues[i] - '0' + n2) / 10;//n2代表进位
        res = res + char(n1 + '0');
    }
 
    if (n2 == 1)
    {
     
        res = res + "1";
    }
    reverse(res.begin(), res.end());
 
    ret.values = res;
    return ret;
}
/*
两个正整数相减
*/
BigInt BigInt::operator-(const BigInt& rhs)
{
     
    BigInt ret;
    string lvalues(values), rvalues(rhs.values);
    //负数减负数
    if(flag==false&&rhs.flag==false)
    {
     
        string tmp = lvalues;
        lvalues = rvalues;
        rvalues = tmp;
    }
    //负数减正数
    if(flag==false&&rhs.flag==true)
    {
     
        BigInt res(lvalues);
        ret=res+rhs;
        ret.flag = false;
        return ret;
    }
    if(flag==true&&rhs.flag==false)
    {
     
        BigInt rel(lvalues),res(rhs.values);
        ret=rel+res;
        ret.flag = true;
        return ret;
    }
        //处理特殊情况
    if (rvalues == "0")
    {
     
        ret.values = lvalues;
        ret.flag = true;
        return ret;
    }
    if (lvalues == "0")
    {
     
        ret.values = rvalues;
        ret.flag = false;
        return ret;
    }
    //调整s1与s2的长度
    unsigned int i, lsize, rsize;
    lsize = lvalues.size();
    rsize = rvalues.size();
    if (lsize < rsize)
    {
     
        for (i = 0; i < rsize - lsize; i++)//在lvalues左边补零
        {
     
            lvalues = "0" + lvalues;
        }
    }
    else
    {
     
        for (i = 0; i < lsize - rsize; i++)//在rvalues左边补零
        {
     
            rvalues = "0" + rvalues;
        }
    }
    //调整使‘-’号前边的数大于后边的数
    int t = lvalues.compare(rvalues);//相等返回0,str1str2返回正数
    if (t < 0)
    {
     
        ret.flag = false;
        string tmp = lvalues;
        lvalues = rvalues;
        rvalues = tmp;
    }
    else if (t == 0)
    {
     
        ret.values = "0";
        ret.flag = true;
        return ret;
    }
    else
    {
     
        ret.flag = true;
    }
    //处理本质情况
    unsigned int j;
    lsize = lvalues.size();
    string res = "";
    reverse(lvalues.begin(), lvalues.end());//颠倒字符串,以方便从低位算起计算
    reverse(rvalues.begin(), rvalues.end());
    for (i = 0; i < lsize; i++)
    {
     
        if (lvalues[i] < rvalues[i])//不足,向前借一维
        {
     
            j = 1;
            while(lvalues[i+j] == '0')
            {
     
                lvalues[i+j] = '9';
                j++;
            }
            lvalues[i+j] -= 1;
            res = res + char(lvalues[i] + ':' - rvalues[i]);
        }
        else
        {
     
            res = res + char(lvalues[i] - rvalues[i] + '0');
        }
    }
    reverse(res.begin(), res.end());
    res.erase(0, res.find_first_not_of('0'));//去掉前导零
 
    ret.values = res;
    return ret;
}
 
/*
两个正整数相乘
*/
BigInt BigInt::operator*(const BigInt& rhs)
{
     
    BigInt ret;
    string lvalues(values), rvalues(rhs.values);
    //处理0或结果正负
    if (lvalues == "0" || rvalues == "0")
    {
     
        ret.values = "0";
        ret.flag = true;
        return ret;
    }
    if(flag==false||rhs.flag==false)
    {
     
        ret.flag=false;
    }
    //处理特殊情况
    unsigned int lsize, rsize;
    lsize = lvalues.size();
    rsize = rvalues.size();
    string temp;
    BigInt res, itemp;
    //让lvalues的长度最长
    if (lvalues < rvalues)
    {
     
        temp = lvalues;
        lvalues = rvalues;
        rvalues = temp;
        lsize = lvalues.size();
        rsize = rvalues.size();
    }
    //处理本质情况
    int i, j, n1, n2, n3, t;
    reverse(lvalues.begin(), lvalues.end());//颠倒字符串
    reverse(rvalues.begin(), rvalues.end());
 
    for (i = 0; i < rsize; i++)
    {
     
        temp = "";
        n1 = n2 = n3 = 0;
        for (j = 0; j < i; j++)
        {
     
            temp = temp + "0";
        }
        n3 = rvalues[i] - '0';
        for (j = 0; j < lsize; j++)
        {
     
            t = (n3*(lvalues[j] - '0') + n2);
            n1 = t % 10;//n1记录当前位置的值
            n2 = t / 10;//n2记录进位的值
            temp = temp + char(n1 + '0');
        }
        if (n2)
        {
     
            temp = temp + char(n2 + '0');
        }
        reverse(temp.begin(), temp.end());
        itemp.values = temp;
        res = res + itemp;
    }
 
    ret.values = res.values;
    return ret;
}
/*
两个正整数相除
*/
BigInt BigInt::operator/(const BigInt& rhs)
{
     
    BigInt ret;
    string lvalues(values), rvalues(rhs.values);
    string quotient;
    string temp;
    //处理特殊情况
    if(rvalues == "0")
    {
     
        ret.values = "error";//输出错误
        ret.flag = true;
        return ret;
    }
    if(lvalues == "0")
    {
     
        ret.values = "0";
        ret.flag = true;
        return ret;
    }
 
    if(compare(lvalues, rvalues) < 0)
    {
     
        ret.values = "0";
        ret.flag = true;
        return ret;
    }
    else if(compare(lvalues, rvalues) == 0)
    {
     
        ret.values = "1";
        ret.flag = true;
        return ret;
    }
    else
    {
     
        //处理本质情况
 
        unsigned int lsize, rsize;
        lsize = lvalues.size();
        rsize = rvalues.size();
        int i;
        if(rsize > 1) temp.append(lvalues, 0, rsize-1);
        for(i = rsize - 1; i < lsize; i++)
        {
     
            temp = temp + lvalues[i];
            //试商
            for(char c = '9'; c >= '0'; c--)
            {
     
                BigInt t = (BigInt)rvalues * (BigInt)string(1, c);
                BigInt s = (BigInt)temp - t;
 
                if(s.flag == true)
                {
     
                    temp = s.values;
                    quotient = quotient + c;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    //去除前导零
    quotient.erase(0, quotient.find_first_not_of('0'));
    ret.values = quotient;
    ret.flag = true;
    return ret;
}
/*
两个正整数取余
*/
BigInt BigInt::operator%(const BigInt& rhs)
{
     
    BigInt ret,kj(values),ki(rhs.values);
    string lvalues(values), rvalues(rhs.values);
    string quotient;
    string temp;
    //处理特殊情况
    if(rvalues == "0")
    {
     
        ret.values = "error";//输出错误
        ret.flag = true;
        return ret;
    }
    if(lvalues == "0")
    {
     
        ret.values = "0";
        ret.flag = true;
        return ret;
    }
 
    if(compare(lvalues, rvalues) < 0)
    {
     
        if(flag==false)
        {
     
            ret.values=(ki-kj).values;
            ret.flag = true;
            return ret;
        }else{
     
            ret.values = lvalues;
            ret.flag = true;
            return ret;
        }
    }
    else if(compare(lvalues, rvalues) == 0)
    {
     
        ret.values = "0";
        ret.flag = true;
        return ret;
    }
    else
    {
     
        //处理本质情况
        unsigned int lsize, rsize;
        lsize = lvalues.size();
        rsize = rvalues.size();
        int i;
        if(rsize > 1) temp.append(lvalues, 0, rsize-1);
        for(i = rsize - 1; i < lsize; i++)
        {
     
            if(temp=="0"){
     
                temp=lvalues[i];
            }else{
     
                temp = temp + lvalues[i];
            }
            //试商
            for(char c = '9'; c >= '0'; c--)
            {
     
                BigInt t = (BigInt)rvalues * (BigInt)string(1, c);
                BigInt s = (BigInt)temp - t;
 
                if(s.flag == true)
                {
     
                    //cout<
                    temp = s.values;
                    quotient = quotient + c;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    //去除前导零
    quotient.erase(0, quotient.find_first_not_of('0'));
    ret.values = temp;
    ret.flag = true;
    return ret;
}
 
/*
欧几里德求GCD
*/
BigInt gcd(BigInt a,BigInt b)
{
     
    BigInt stemp;
    //cout<
    //cout<
    if((a-b).flag==false)//判断大小
    {
     
        stemp.values=a.values;
        a.values=b.values;
        b.values=stemp.values;
    }
    if(b.values=="0") return a;
    else return gcd(b,a%b);
}
/*
快速幂
*/
BigInt fast(BigInt a,BigInt b)
{
     
    BigInt aa=a,t("1"),k("2");
 //   int b2=atoi(b1[lsize-1].c_str());
    while(b.values!="0")
    {
     
        if((b%k).values!="0")
        {
     
            t=t*aa;
        }
        aa=aa*aa;
        b=b/k;
    }
    return t;
}
/*
快速幂模
*/
BigInt mod_fast(BigInt a,BigInt b,BigInt p)
{
     
    BigInt aa=a,t("1"),k("2");
 //   int b2=atoi(b1[lsize-1].c_str());
    while(b.values!="0")
    {
     
        if((b%k).values!="0")
        {
     
            t=(t%p)*(aa%p)%p;
        }
        aa=(aa%p)*(aa%p)%p;
        b=b/k;
    }
    return t%p;
}
 
/*
扩展欧几里德实现乘法逆
*/
BigInt extgcd(BigInt a, BigInt b, BigInt& x, BigInt& y)
{
     
    BigInt d(a.values);
 
    if(b.values != "0"){
     
        d = extgcd(b, a % b, y, x);
        y = y-(a / b) * x;
    }else {
     
        x.values = "1";
        y.values = "0";
    }
    return d;
}
BigInt mod_inverse(BigInt a, BigInt m)
{
     
    BigInt x, y;
    extgcd(a, m, x, y);
    if(x.flag==false)
    {
     
        x.flag=true;
        x=m-x;
    }
    return (m + x % m) % m;
}
 
int main()
{
     
    BigInt a,b,n;
    char op;
    while(1)
	{
        	
    	cout<<"    ._________________.    "<<endl
<<"    | _______________ |    "<<endl
<<"    | I             I |    "<<endl
<<"    | I 大整数计算器I |    "<<endl
<<"    | I_____________I |    "<<endl
<<"    !_________________!    "<<endl
<<"   (1) 计算(a+b)&(a+b)mod n          "<<endl 
<<"   (2) 计算(a-b)&(a-b)mod n            "<<endl
<<"   (3) 计算(a*b)&(a*b)mod n            "<<endl
<<"   (4) 计算(a/b)&(a/b)mod n              "<<endl
<<"   (5) 计算(a%b)&(a%b)mod n            "<<endl 
<<"   (6) 计算(a^b)&(a^b)mod n            "<<endl
<<"   (7) 计算 GCD(a,b)            "<<endl
<<"   (8) 计算a和n乘法逆值            "<<endl
<<endl
<<"    选择 :" ;
        cin >> op;
        switch(op)
        {
     
            case '1':
                cout<<"请输入a、b和n的值:\n";
                cin>>a>>b>>n;
                cout<<endl;
                cout<<"a+b的值:"<<a+b<<endl;
                cout<<"(a+b)mod n的值: "<< (a+b)%n<<endl<<endl<<endl<<endl;
                break;
            case '2':
                cout<<"请输入a、b和n的值:\n";
                cin>>a>>b>>n;
                cout<<endl;
                cout<<"a-b的值:"<<a-b<<endl;
                cout<<"(a-b)mod n的值: "<< (a-b)%n<<endl<<endl<<endl<<endl;
                break;
            case '3':
                cout<<"请输入a、b和n的值:\n";
                cin>>a>>b>>n;
                cout<<endl;
                cout<<"a*b的值:"<<a*b<<endl;
                cout<<"(a*b)mod n的值: "<< (a*b)%n<<endl<<endl<<endl<<endl;
                break;
            case '4':
                cout<<"请输入a、b和n的值:\n";
                cin>>a>>b>>n;
                cout<<endl;
                cout<<"a/b的值:"<<a/b<<endl;
                cout<<"(a/b)mod n的值: "<< (a/b)%n<<endl<<endl<<endl<<endl;
                break;
            case '5':
                cout<<"请输入a、b和n的值:\n";
                cin>>a>>b>>n;
                cout<<endl;
                cout<<"a%b的值:"<<a%b<<endl;
                cout<<"(a%b)mod n的值: "<< (a%b)%n<<endl<<endl<<endl<<endl;
                break;
            case '6':
                cout<<"请输入a、b和n的值:\n";
                cin>>a>>b>>n;
                cout<<endl;
                cout<<"a^b的值:"<<fast(a,b)<<endl;
                cout<<"(a^b)mod n的值: "<<mod_fast(a,b,n)<<endl<<endl<<endl<<endl;
                break;
            case '7':
                cout<<"请输入a和b的值:\n";
                cin>>a>>b;
                cout<<endl;
                cout<<"GCD(a,b)的值:"<<gcd(a,b)<<endl<<endl<<endl<<endl;
                break;
            case '8':
                cout<<"请输入a和n的值:\n";
                cin>>a>>n;
                cout<<endl;
                cout<<"a和n的乘法逆: "<< mod_inverse(a,n)<<endl<<endl<<endl<<endl;
                break;
            default:break;
            }
    }
    return 0;}

5.5

修改实验 2 中定义的产品类,使该类是可流的。然后,在 main 函数中建立一个由“进货”和“销售”构成的主菜单。进货部分由键盘输入几种商品,用文件流保存到一个产品文件;销售部分读入产品文件中的数据,实现一个二级销售菜单,演示用户任意购买各种商品的过程,并重新更新库存。
题6:修改实验3中定义的电子时钟类,用++,+来修改以有的函数,以实现时间、日期的自加1和加n。

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include               //设置流操作符 
using namespace std;

class GoodsInfo
{
     public:
char * name ;      //商品名称
int number;        //商品编号
float cost_p;        //成本单价
float unit_p;        //销售单价
int  num_all;        //共计商品件数
int  num_now;        //现存商品件数
int  num_sell;        //已售出商品件数
float cost_all;        //进货总计成本价
float profit;        //已销售商品获得的利润
GoodsInfo * next;    //指向下一个商
GoodsInfo();                                                //构造函数
GoodsInfo(char * a,int b,float c,float u,int all,int sell) ;      //重载构造函数
void operator=  (const GoodsInfo &right);  //重载=
void setInfo(char * a,float c,float u,int all,int sell) ;  //数据载入
char* getname(){
     return name;}                              //返回姓名用于查找    //显示商品信息
void Amend(GoodsInfo *);
void show(GoodsInfo *);
~GoodsInfo()
{
      delete [] name;}
};
class GoodList :public GoodsInfo
{
     
public:
GoodList();            //构造函数,指针初始化
~GoodList();        //析构函数,释放
GoodsInfo * head;  //头指针
GoodsInfo * p;        //活动指针1
GoodsInfo * p2;        //活动指针2(指向最后一个)
void create();      //创建函数
void showinfo(GoodsInfo *);      //显示
GoodsInfo * search();           //查找
void saveInfo();                //信息存档
void getInfo();                  //上传信息
void addInfo(GoodsInfo *);                    //添加数据
void sort();                      //按销量显示
void menu();
void delete_();                    //删除节点
};

GoodsInfo::GoodsInfo()                //构造函数
{
         
name=new char [21];
number=cost_p=unit_p=num_all=num_now=num_sell=cost_all=profit=0;
next=NULL;
}
GoodsInfo::GoodsInfo(char * a,int b,float c,float u,int all,int sell)    //重载构造函数
{
     
strcpy(name,a);
number=b;
cost_p=c;
unit_p=u;
num_all=all;
num_sell=sell;
num_now=all-sell;
cost_all=c*all;
profit=(u-c)*sell;
next=NULL;
}
void GoodsInfo::operator=  (const GoodsInfo &right)        //重载=
{
     
strcpy(name,right.name);
number=right.number ;
cost_p=right.cost_p;
unit_p=right.unit_p ;
num_all=right.num_all ;
num_sell=right.num_sell ;
num_now=right.num_now ;
cost_all=right.cost_all;
profit=right.profit ;
}
void GoodsInfo::setInfo(char * a,float c,float u,int all,int sell)    //数据载入
{
     
strcpy(name,a);
cost_p=c;
unit_p=u;
num_all=all;
num_sell=sell;
num_now=all-sell;
cost_all=c*all;
profit=(u-c)*sell;
next=NULL;
}
void GoodsInfo::show(GoodsInfo * h)                                //显示
{
     
if(h==NULL) cout<<"NULL!\n";
else
{
     cout<<"-----------------------------------\n"
<<"商品名: "<<h->name<<endl
<<"编号: "<<h->number<<endl
<<"成本: "<<h->cost_p<<endl
<<"销售单价: "<<h->unit_p<<endl
<<"销量:"<<h->num_sell <<endl
<<"库存: "<<h->num_now<<endl
<<"已获得利润:"<<h->profit<<endl;
}
}

void GoodsInfo:: Amend(GoodsInfo * h) //修改信息
{
       

int F;
char S;
cout<<"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n"
<<"^2.商品成本单价  ^"<<endl
<<"^3.商品销售单价  ^"<<endl
<<"^4.进货数量      ^"<<endl
<<"^5.销售数量      ^"<<endl
<<"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n";
do
{
     cout<<"请选择需要修改的项目编号:"<<endl;
cin>>F;
switch(F)
{
     
case 1 :{
     cout<<"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n"
<<"|请输入修改后的名称|\n"
<<"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
cin.ignore ();
cin.getline(h->name,21);break;}
case 2 :{
     cout<<"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n"
<<"|请输入修改后的成本价: \n"
<<"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
cin>>h->cost_p;break;}
case 3 :{
     cout<<"请输入修改后的销售单价: ";
cin>>h->unit_p;break;}
case 4 :{
     cout<<"请输入修改后的进货量: ";
cin>>h->num_all;break;}
case 5 :{
     cout<<"请输入修改后的销售量: ";
cin>>h->num_sell;break;}
}
h->cost_all=h->cost_p*(h->num_all);
h->num_now=h->num_all -(h->num_sell);
h->profit=(h->unit_p -(h->cost_p ))*h->num_sell;
cout<<"是否需要继续修改?";
cin>>S;
}
while(S=='Y');
}

GoodList::GoodList()                    //构造函数
{
     
p=new GoodsInfo [sizeof(GoodsInfo)];
head=NULL;
p2=NULL;
p->next =NULL;
}
GoodList::~GoodList()                    //析构函数
{
     
while(head!=NULL)
{
     p=head;
head=p->next ;
delete [] p;
}
}
void GoodList::create()                //创建
{
     int n=0;
char f='Y';
cout<<"请输入商品信息:"<<endl;
while(f=='Y')
{
     n+=1;
if(n==1) head=p;
else 
{
     p=new GoodsInfo [sizeof(GoodsInfo)];
p2->next=p;
}
cout<<"商品名称: ";
if(n==1) cin.ignore ();
cin.getline (p->name,21);
cout<<"商品编号:";
cin>>p->number;
cout<<"成本价: ";
cin>>p->cost_p;
cout<<"销售价: ";
cin>>p->unit_p;
cout<<"共计商品件数: ";
cin>>p->num_all;
cout<<"已售出商品件数: ";
cin>>p->num_sell;
p->num_now=p->num_all-(p->num_sell);
p->cost_all=p->cost_p*(p->num_all);
p->profit=((p->unit_p)-(p->cost_p))*(p->num_sell);
p2=p;
cout<<"是否继续输入?('Y'确认保存,'N'返回主菜单)";
cin>>f;
cin.ignore();
}
if(head!=NULL) p2->next=NULL;    //P2指向最后一个
}

                     
GoodsInfo * GoodList::search()  //查找
{
     
if(head==NULL) {
      cout<<"数据为空!\n";return NULL;}
else
{
     GoodsInfo *h;
h=head;
int f;
cout<<"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n"
<<"请选择查找方式: \n"
<<"1.按商品编号  \n"        <<"2.按商品名称 "<<endl
<<"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n";
cin>>f;
switch(f)
{
     case 1:    
{
     
int x,y;
cout<<"请输入需查找的商品编号:";
cin>>x;
while(h!=NULL&&(x!=(y=h->number)))
h=h->next;
if(x==y) return h;
else 
{
     
cout<<"没有找到该商品!\n";
return NULL;}
}
case 2:        
{
     char x[21];
int  c;
cout<<"请输入需查找的商品名称:";
cin.ignore ();
cin.getline(x,21);
while(h!=NULL&&(c=strcmp(x,h->name))!=0)
h=h->next;
if(c==0)    return h;
else {
     cout<<"没有找到该商品!\n";return NULL;}
}
}
}
}
void GoodList::showinfo(GoodsInfo * h)    //显示信息
{
     
cout<<setw(50)<<"商品名称"<<setw(10)<<"编号"<<setw(8)<<"进价"<<setw(8)<<"售价"
<<setw(8)<<"销量"<<setw(8)<<"库存"<<setw(12)<<"已得利润"<<endl;
while(h!=NULL)
{
     
cout<<setw(10)<<h->name<<setw(10)<<h->number<<setw(8)<<h->cost_p<<setw(8)<<h->unit_p
<<setw(8)<<h->num_sell<<setw(8)<<h->num_now<<setw(12)<<h->profit<<endl;
h=h->next;
}
} 

void GoodList::saveInfo()                        //存档
{
     
fstream File;
File.open("GoodsInformation.txt",ios::out|ios::binary);
if(!File)
{
         cout<<"文件打开失败!\n";
exit(0);
}
p=head;
GoodsInfo X;
File<<"商品名称    编号    进价    售价    总量    销量    库存    已得利润    \n";
while(p!=NULL)
{
         X=*p;
File<<X.name<<"    "<<X.number<<"    "<<X.cost_p<<"    "<<X.unit_p<<"    "
<<X.num_all <<"    "<<X.num_sell<<"    "<<X.num_now <<"    "<<X.profit<<endl;
p=p->next;
}
cout<<"文件保存成功!\n";
File.close();
}
void GoodList::getInfo()                                //上传
{
         fstream File;
File.open("GoodsInformation.txt",ios::in);
if(!File)
{
         cout<<"文件打开失败!\n";
exit(0);
}
char s[81];
GoodsInfo h;
File.getline (s,81);
int n=0;
while(!File.eof ())
{
     
if(File.fail()) break;
n+=1;
if(n==1)    head=p;
else
{
         p=new GoodsInfo [sizeof(GoodsInfo)];
p2->next=p;
}
File>>h.name>>h.number>>h.cost_p>>h.unit_p
>>h.num_all>>h.num_sell>>h.num_now
>>h.profit;
*p=h;
p2=p;
}
cout<<"上传显示完毕!"<<endl;
File.close();
}
void GoodList::addInfo(GoodsInfo * h)          //添加
{
         cout<<"请输入商品信息:"<<endl;
p=new GoodsInfo [sizeof(GoodsInfo)];
h->next=p;
cin.ignore();
cout<<"商品名称: ";
cin.getline (p->name,21);
cout<<"商品编号:";
cin>>p->number;
cout<<"成本价: ";
cin>>p->cost_p;
cout<<"销售价: ";
cin>>p->unit_p;
cout<<"共计商品件数: ";
cin>>p->num_all;
cout<<"已售出商品件数: ";
cin>>p->num_sell;
p->num_now=p->num_all-(p->num_sell);
p->cost_all=p->cost_p*(p->num_all);
p->profit=((p->unit_p)-(p->cost_p))*(p->num_sell);
p2=p;
p2->next=NULL;
}
void GoodList::delete_()      //删除节点
{
         if(head==NULL)
cout<<"NULL!\n";
else
{
     
cout<<"请输入需要删除的商品编号:";
int n;
GoodsInfo * h;
cin>>n;
h=head;
while(h->next!=NULL&&h->number!=n)
{
         p=h;
h=h->next;
}
if(h->number==n)
{
     
char F;
cout<<"是否确定删除该节点?";
cin>>F;
if(F=='Y')
{
         if(h==head) head=h->next;
else p->next=h->next;
delete [] h;
cout<<"删除成功!\n";
}
}
else cout<<"未找到该节点!\n";
}
}

void GoodList::sort ()                      //按销量排序显示
{
     
GoodsInfo *h1,*h2,t;
int n;
if(head==NULL)  cout<<"NULL!\n";
else
{
         int F;
cout<<"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n"
<<"请选择排序方式:\n"
<<"1.按销量降序排列\n"
<<"2.按利润降序排列\n"
<<"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n";
cin>>F;
switch(F)
{
     
case 1:
for(h1=head;h1->next!=NULL;h1=h1->next)
{
         n=h1->num_sell;
for(h2=h1->next;h2!=NULL;h2=h2->next)
{
         if((h2->num_sell)>(h1->num_sell))
n=h2->num_sell;
if(n!=h1->num_sell)
{
     t=*h2;*h2=*h1;*h1=t;}
}
}break;
case 2:
for(h1=head;h1->next!=NULL;h1=h1->next)
{
         n=h1->profit;
for(h2=h1->next;h2!=NULL;h2=h2->next)
{
         if((h2->profit)>(h1->profit))
n=h2->profit;
if(n!=h1->profit)
{
     t=*h2;*h2=*h1;*h1=t;}
}
}break;
}
}
showinfo(head);
}
void GoodList::menu()                                  //菜单
{
     
cout<<"    ._________________.    "<<endl
<<"    | _______________ |    "<<endl
<<"    | I             I |    "<<endl
<<"    | I商场管理系统 I |    "<<endl
<<"    | I_____________I |    "<<endl
<<"    !_________________!    "<<endl
<<"   (1) 创建          "<<endl 
<<"   (2) 添加            "<<endl
<<"   (3) 修改            "<<endl
<<"   (4) 显示              "<<endl
<<"   (5) 存档            "<<endl 
<<"   (6) 查找            "<<endl
<<"   (7) 上传            "<<endl
<<"   (8) 排序            "<<endl
<<"   (9) 清屏            "<<endl
<<"   (10) 删除            "<<endl
<<"   (0) 退出            "<<endl
<<endl
<<"    选择 :" ;
	
}

int main()
{
         cout<<endl<<endl<<endl<<endl<<endl<<endl
<<"        ****************************************************\n"
<<"        ***                                              ***\n"
<<"        ***                                              ***\n"
<<"        ***          欢迎进入商场销售管理系统!           ***\n"
<<"        ***                                              ***\n"
<<"        ***                                              ***\n"
<<"        ****************************************************\n"
<<"                          ";
system("pause");
system("cls");
GoodList goods;
GoodsInfo * a;
int N;
goods.menu();
cin>>N;
while(N!=0)
{
     
switch(N)
{
     
case 1 : {
         goods.create();
break;
}
case 2 : {
         goods.addInfo(goods.p2);
break;
}
case 3 : {
         
cout<<"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n"
<<"请选择需要修改的单元\n"
<<"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n";
a=goods.search();
goods.show(a);
if(a!=NULL)
goods.Amend(a);
else cout<<"*error!*\n";
break;
}
case 4 : {
         goods.showinfo(goods.head);
break;
}
case 5 : {
         goods.saveInfo();
break;
}
case 6 : {
       a=goods.search ();
goods.show (a);
break;
}
case 7 : {
         goods.getInfo();
break;
}
case 8 : {
         goods.sort();
break;
}
case 9 : {
          system("cls");
break;
}
case 10 :{
      goods.delete_();
break;
}
}
goods.menu();
cin>>N;
}
char F;
cout<<"        ***是否需要保存文件***('Y'确认保存,'N'返回主菜单)  ";
cin>>F;
if(F=='Y') goods.saveInfo();
system("cls");
cout<<"谢谢使用!"
<<endl;
return 0;
}

实验6:通用程序设计

  1. 目的
    (1)了解通用程序设计方法的概念;
    (2)掌握函数模板的定义与使用;
    (3)掌握类模板的定义与使用。
  2. 步骤
    对于任务中的每个问题,分析并设计解题思路,编制程序,通过观察和调试工具纠错,运行得到正确结果。
  3. 内容
    最少数量要求:题1~题2选一;题3必做。

6.1

编写一个函数模板Accumulator,用于实现对一个浮点型数组元素的“累加”。要求:累加方式由一个函数 AccumulateMethod 决定,可能代表两个元素的和、积、平方和等,AccumulateMethod 以函数指针方式传递给 Accumulator,缺省方式为累加求和。

#include
#define N 100
using namespace std;
template <typename T>
T AccumulateMethod(T *a,int temp,int m)
{
     
	int k;
	T sum,product,squaresum;
	switch(temp)
	{
     
		case 1:
		sum=0;
		for(k=0;k<m;k++)
		{
     sum+=a[k];}
		return sum;
		break;
		
		case 2:
		product=1;
		for(k=0;k<m;k++)
		{
     product*=a[k];}
		return product;
		break;
		
		case 3:
		squaresum=0;
		for(k=0;k<m;k++)
		{
     squaresum+=(a[k]*a[k]);}
		return squaresum;
		break;
	}	
}
int main()
{
     
	L1:float a[N];
	float result;
	int m,k,x;
	int temp=1;
	float(*f)(float*,int,int);
	f=AccumulateMethod;
	cout<<endl;
cout<<"    ._________________.    "<<endl
<<"    | _______________ |    "<<endl
<<"    | I             I |    "<<endl
<<"    | I 浮点数累加  I |    "<<endl
<<"    | I_____________I |    "<<endl
<<"    !_________________!    "<<endl
<<endl
<<endl; 
	cout<<"请输入数组长度:"<<endl;
	cin>>m;
	cout<<"请输入数组元素:"<<endl;for(k=0;k<m;k++){
     cin>>a[k];}
	cout<<"您输入的数组为:"<<endl;for(int k=0;k<m;k++){
     cout<<a[k]<<" ";}cout<<endl;
	
	while(1)
	{
     
	cout<<"(1)继续执行功能"<<endl
	<<endl
	<<"(2)重新输入数组"<<endl
	<<endl
	<<"    选择 :" ;
	cin>>x;
	switch(x)
	{
     
		case 1:
		cout<<"请输入您要使用的功能:"<<endl
		<<endl
		<<"(1)求和"<<endl
		<<endl
		<<"(2)求积"<<endl
		<<endl
		<<"(3)平均和"<<endl
		<<endl
		<<"    选择 :" ;
		cin>>temp;
		result=(*f)(a,temp,m);
		cout<<"计算结果:"<<result<<endl;
		break;
		
		case 2:
		goto L1;
	}}
	return 0;	}

6.2

编写一个计算数组元素平均值的函数模板。

#include
using namespace std;     //头文件
template<typename T>   
T average(T a[],int m)   //定义函数模板
{
       
 int i=0;
	double sum=0;
	for(i;i<m;i++)
	{
     sum=sum+a[i];}         //循环求和
	return sum/i;}          // 返回平均数
int main()
{
        
    double a[50];
	int x=0;
	int y; 
cout<<endl
<<"设置个数:"<<endl;
	cin>>y;
	cout<<"请输入数值"<<endl; 
	for(x=0;x<y;x++){
     cin>>a[x];}  //循环输入
	cout<<"平均数:"<<average(a,y)<<endl;  //调用函数模板并输出平均数
	return 0;}

6.3

将实验 2 的⑸所定义的集合构造成一个类模板。

#include 
using namespace std;
 template <typename T> 
 class Capacity
{
     
private:
int size;	//元素个数
T *el;
public:
	
Capacity(T *l,int s):el(l),size(s)	//构造函数
{
     
  el= new T[size];
}
~Capacity(){
     }	//析构函数

int getsize()
{
     
return size;	//返回元素个数
}
void display()
{
     
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
cout<<el[i]<<endl;	//for 循环输出 el[i]的元素;
}};

int main()
{
     
int *a;
 int m;
 int i;
float *b;
 double *c;
cout<<"输入数组个数"<<endl; cin>>m;
a=new int[m];            //获得数组空间for(int i=0;i
cin>>a[i];                //做准备
Capacity<int> ca(a,m);        //前面准备的实现
cout<<ca.getsize()<<endl; 
ca.display();
return 0;
}

实验7:综合程序设计

  1. 目的
    (1)锻炼知识的综合运用能力。
    (2)了解一些典型结构的用法。
  2. 步骤
    (1) 对于任务中的每个问题,分析并设计解题思路,编制程序,通过观察和调试工具纠错,运行得到正确结果。
    (2) 自行查找资料,通过实例了解代码规范性的具体体现。
  3. 内容:基本问题程序设计5
    最少数量要求:题1~题2选一。

7.1

利用列表设计一个小型电话簿管理程序,要求具有加入联系人、删除联系人、显示电话簿内容和查询联系人电话、存盘等基本功能。

#include                 
#include               //设置流操作符 
#include               //文件流操作 
using namespace std;
class book                          //类book 
{
     
private:
    string name;                    //姓名
    string address;                 //地址
    string number;                  //电话号码
public:
    book();                          //构造函数
     char inter_face();              //首页
     void add_person();              //添加联系人
     void del_person();              //删除联系人
     void show_all();                //显示所有联系人
     void alter();                   //修改信息
     void select();                  //查询联系人
     void save_new();                //保存新增加的联系人
};
   book::book()
{
     
name = "\0";                         
address = "\0";
number = "\0";
}
//首页
char book::inter_face()            //实现首界面的函数
{
     
system("cls");                     //清屏操作 
cout<<endl;
cout<<"    ._________________.    "<<endl
<<"    | _______________ |    "<<endl
<<"    | I             I |    "<<endl
<<"    | I   通讯录    I |    "<<endl
<<"    | I_____________I |    "<<endl
<<"    !_________________!    "<<endl
<<"   (1) 添加联系人          "<<endl 
<<"   (2) 删除联系人            "<<endl
<<"   (3) 显示联系人            "<<endl
<<"   (4) 修改信息              "<<endl
<<"   (5) 查询联系人            "<<endl 
<<"   (6) 关闭通迅录            "<<endl
<<endl
<<"    选择 :" ;
char choose;
    cin>>choose;
     return choose;
}        
                      
void book::add_person()                       //类外定义添加联系人函数
{
     
    cout<<"请输入新联系人信息" <<endl;
	    cout<<"姓名 :";
        cin >>name;
            cout <<"电话 : ";
            cin >>number;
                cout <<"地址 : ";
                cin >>address;
save_new();
cout<<"新信息已经保存!" <<endl;
system("pause");                            
}  
                                
void book::del_person()                    //类外定义删除联系人函数
{
     
	string sign,str1,str;                             //定义字符串
	bool flag = true;                                 //布尔型变量初始为真 
	 cout<<"你要删除输入姓名或电话号 :"<<endl;        //输入要查找的相关信息
     cin>>sign;  
ofstream outData("temp.txt", ios::out);    //磁盘文件的输出 
ifstream inData("pbook.txt", ios::in);     //输入 
if (!outData || !inData)                   //判断
{
     
cout<<"对不起,找不到文件!" <<endl;
system("pause");
}               
while (inData>>name>>number)                //将数组或字符输入indata 
{
     
getline(inData, str);                           //接收一个字符串
if ((sign==name) || (sign==number))            //存在此联系人 
{
     
cout <<"你想删除的联系人:"<<endl;
cout <<str1 <<endl;
cout <<setiosflags(ios::left) <<setw(17) <<name<<" " <<number <<str <<endl;        //左对齐 
flag = false;
break;
}
outData <<setiosflags(ios::left) <<setw(17) <<name<<" " <<number <<str <<endl;
}

if (flag)
{
     
cout <<endl <<"联系人中不存在!" <<endl <<endl;
}

else
{
     
while (getline(inData, str))
{
     
outData <<str <<endl;
}
outData.close();
inData.close();
ofstream out("pbook.txt", ios::out);
ifstream in("temp.txt", ios::in);

if (!out || !in)
{
     
cout <<endl <<"对不起不能打开文件!" <<endl <<endl;
system("pause");
return;
}
while (getline(in, str))
{
     
out <<str <<endl;
}
out.close();                //文件流关闭 
in.close();
cout <<endl <<"信息已中删除!" <<endl <<endl;
}
system("pause");    
}                         
void book::show_all()       //显示所有联系人
{
                               //类外定义显示所有联系人函数
ifstream inData("pbook.txt",ios::in);
if (!inData)
{
     
cout <<endl <<"对不起,没有找到文件!" <<endl;
system("pause");
return;
}
bool flag = true;
string record;
while (getline(inData, record))
{
     
if (flag)
{
     
cout <<endl <<"所有联系人信息如下: "<<endl;
}
cout <<"姓名\t\t"<<"电话\t\t"<<"住址\t\t"<<endl;
cout <<record <<endl;
flag = false;
}
if (flag)
{
     
cout <<endl <<"你的通迅录中没有联系人!" <<endl <<endl;
}
else
{
     
cout <<endl <<"所有联系人已经全部显示!" <<endl <<endl;
}
system("pause");
}
//修改信息
void book::alter()              //类外定义显示信息函数
{
     
ofstream outData("temp.txt", ios::out);
ifstream inData("pbook.txt", ios::in); 
if (!outData || !inData)          //任意为假值运行 
{
     
cout <<endl <<"找不到文件!" <<endl;
system("pause");
return;
}
string sign;
cout <<endl <<"你要修改输入姓名或电话号 :";
cin >>sign;
string str1;
bool flag = true;
string str;
while (inData >>name >>number)

{
     
getline(inData, str);
if ((sign==name) || (sign==number))

{
     
cout <<endl <<"你想修改的联系人:" <<endl <<endl;
cout <<str1 <<endl;
cout <<setiosflags(ios::left) <<setw(17) <<name<<" " <<number <<str <<endl;
cout <<endl <<"请修改信息 : " <<endl;
cout <<"姓名  :" ;
cin >>name;
cout <<"电话号:";
cin >>number;
cout <<"地址  :";
cin >>address;
save_new();
flag = false;
break;
}

outData <<setiosflags(ios::left) <<setw(17) <<name<<" " <<number <<str <<endl;
}
if (flag)
{
     
cout <<endl <<"联系人中不存在!"<<endl;
}
else
{
     
while (getline(inData, str))
{
     
outData <<str <<endl;
}
outData.close();
inData.close();
ofstream out("pbook.txt", ios::out);
ifstream in("temp.txt", ios::in);
if (!out || !in)
{
     
cout <<endl <<"对不起不能打开文件!!!"<<endl;
system("pause");
return;
}
while (getline(in, str))
{
     
out <<str <<endl;
}
out.close();
in.close();
cout<<"已修改!!!"<<endl;
}
system("pause");    
}
//查询联系人
void book::select()        //类外定义查询联系人函数
{
     
ifstream inData("pbook.txt",ios::in);
if (!inData)
{
     
cout <<endl <<"文件找不到!" <<endl;
system("pause");
return;
}
string sign;
cout <<endl <<"输入你想查找的联系人的姓名或电话号码: ";
cin >>sign;
string str1;
bool flag = true;
string str;
while (inData >>name >>number)
{
     
getline(inData, str);
if ((name==sign) || (number==sign))
{
     
cout <<endl <<"你要查找的联系人是: " <<endl <<endl;
cout <<str1 <<endl;
cout <<setiosflags(ios::left) <<setw(17) <<name
<<number <<str <<endl;
flag = false;
system("pause");
break;
}}}
void book::save_new()                       //类外定义保存联系人函数
{
     
ofstream outData("pbook.txt", ios::app);
if (!outData)
{
     
cout <<"对不起,打开文件失败!"<<endl;
system("pause");
return;
}
outData << setiosflags(ios::left) << setw(17) << name<<" " << setw(16) << number <<" "<< setw(20) << address <<endl;
outData.close();
}
enum power{
     a1 = '1', a2 = '2', a3 = '3', a4 = '4', a5 = '5', a6 = '6'};
int main()
{
     
char choose;
book song;
while (choose = song.inter_face())
{
     
switch (choose)
{
     
case a1:
song.add_person();//添加联系人
break;
case a2:
song.del_person();//删除联系人
break;
case a3:
song.show_all();//显示所有联系人
break;
case a4:
song.alter();//修改信息
break;
case a5:
song.select();//查询联系人
break;
case a6:
cout <<endl <<"谢谢使用!" <<endl <<endl;
exit(0);
break;
default:
break;}}
return 0;
}

7.2

设计一个学生类 student,包含如下基本信息:
学号、姓名、性别、年龄、成绩
假设学号是从 1 开始连续编码的整数。 为该类重载输入、 输出运算符, 并实现如下功能:
(1)从键盘输入若干学生信息并将其存放到文件中。
(2)按学号检索并显示学生的信息。
(3)按学号检索并修改学生的信息。
(4)显示所有成绩优秀的学生的信息。

# include 
# include 
# include 
#include           //用getch();
using namespace std;

//﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌Student类﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌
class Student
{
     
public:
char name[20];
char Id[20];
int Age; //年龄 
int Mnum; //数学课程得分
int Enum; //英语课程得分
int sum; //总分
Student * Next;
void Input()
{
     
cout<<"请输入学生的姓名:"; cin>>name;
cout<<"请输入学生的学号:"; cin>>Id;
cout<<"请输入年龄:"; cin>>Age;
cout<<"请输入数学课程的成绩:"; cin>>Mnum;
cout<<"请输入英语课程的成绩:"; cin>>Enum;
sum=Mnum+Enum;
}
void ReadFile(istream & in)
{
     
in>>name>>Id>>Age>>Mnum>>Enum>>sum;
}
void Show()
{
     
cout<<"姓名:"<<name<<endl<<"学号:"<<Id<<endl<<"年龄:"<<Age<<endl
<<"数学:"<<Mnum<<endl<<"外语:"<<Enum<<endl<<"总成绩:"<<sum<<endl<<endl<<endl;
}
};

//﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌Studentmassage类﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌
class Studentmassage
{
     
public:
Studentmassage();
~Studentmassage();
void ShowMenu();
void Find();
void Save();
void ModifyItem();
void RemoveItem();
void Swap(Student *,Student *);
void Sort();
int ListCount();

void Display()
{
     
for(Student * p=Head->Next;p!=End;p=p->Next)
p->Show();
cout<<"输入任意字符!继续……";
getch();
}

void AddItem()
{
     
End->Input();
End->Next=new Student;
End=End->Next;
cout<<"添加成功!"<<endl;
cout<<"输入任意字符!继续……";
getch();
}
private:
Student * Head,* End;
ifstream in;
ofstream out;
Student *FindItem(char * name)
{
     
for(Student * p=Head;p->Next!=End;p=p->Next)//匹配成功则返回上一个指针,不成功就返回空
if(!strcmp(p->Next->name,name))return p;
return NULL;
}
Student *FindID(char * Id)
{
     
for(Student * p=Head;p->Next!=End;p=p->Next)//匹配成功则返回上一个指针,不成功就返回空
if(!strcmp(p->Next->Id,Id))return p;
return NULL;
}
};

//﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌构造函数﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌
Studentmassage::Studentmassage()
{
     
Head=new Student;
Head->Next=new Student;
End=Head->Next;
in.open("sort.txt");
if(!in)
cout<<"这是一个新系统,无学生信息。请输入。"<<endl;
else
{
     
while(!in.eof())
{
     
End->ReadFile(in);
if(End->name[0]=='\0')break;
End->Next=new Student;
End=End->Next;
}
in.close();
cout<<"读取学生信息成功!"<<endl;
}
}

//﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌析构函数﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌
Studentmassage::~Studentmassage()
{
     
Save();
for(Student * temp;Head->Next!=End;)
{
     
temp=Head->Next;
Head->Next=Head->Next->Next;
delete temp;
}
delete Head,End;
}

//﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌菜单﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌
void Studentmassage::ShowMenu()
{
     
	cout<<endl;
cout<<"    ._________________.    "<<endl
<<"    | _______________ |    "<<endl
<<"    | I             I |    "<<endl
<<"    | I 学生管理系统I |    "<<endl
<<"    | I_____________I |    "<<endl
<<"    !_________________!    "<<endl
<<"   (1) 增加学生信息          "<<endl 
<<"   (2) 显示学生成信息           "<<endl
<<"   (3) 排序统计成绩            "<<endl
<<"   (4) 查找学生信息              "<<endl
<<"   (5) 删除学生成绩            "<<endl 
<<"   (6) 修改学生信息            "<<endl
<<"   (0) 安全退出系统            "<<endl
<<endl
<<"    选择 :" ;
}

//﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌查找函数﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌
void Studentmassage::Find()
{
     
char name[20] ,Id[10];
int x;
Student * p=NULL;
cout<<"(1)按学生的姓名查找"<<endl
<<" (2)按学生学号查找"<<endl
<<"选择 :";
cin>>x;
switch(x)
{
     
case 1:{
     cout<<"\t\t请输入要查找的学生的姓名:";cin>>name;
if(p=FindItem(name))
{
     
p->Next->Show();
cout<<"输入任意字符!继续……";
getch();
}
else
{
     
cout<<"没有找到该姓名的学生!"<<'\n'<<endl;
cout<<"输入任意字符!继续……";
getch();
}
}break;
case 2:
{
     
cout<<"请输入要查找的学生的学号:";cin>>Id;
if(p=FindID(Id))
{
     
p->Next->Show();
cout<<"输入任意字符!继续……";
getch();
}
else
{
     
cout<<"没有找到该学好的学生!"<<'\n'<<endl;
cout<<"输入任意字符!继续……";
getch();
}
}break;
}

}

//﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌修改信息﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌
void Studentmassage::ModifyItem() //修改信息
{
     
char name[20];
Student * p=NULL;
cout<<"请输入要修改的人的姓名:";cin>>name;
if(p=FindItem(name))
{
     
cout<<"已找到学生的信息,请输入新的信息!"<<endl;
p->Next->Input();
cout<<"修改成功!"<<endl;
cout<<"输入任意字符!继续……";
getch();
}
else
{
     
cout<<"没有找到!"<<endl;
cout<<"输入任意字符!继续……";
getch();
}
}

//﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌删除信息﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌
void Studentmassage::RemoveItem() // 删除信息
{
     
char name[20];
Student * p=NULL,*temp=NULL;
cout<<"请输入要删除的学生的姓名:"<<endl;cin>>name;
if(p=FindItem(name))
{
     
temp=p->Next;
p->Next=p->Next->Next;
delete temp;
cout<<"删除成功!"<<endl;
cout<<"输入任意字符!继续……";
getch();
}
else
{
     
cout<<"没有找到!"<<endl;
cout<<"输入任意字符!继续……";
getch();
}
}

//﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌
void Studentmassage::Swap(Student *p1, Student *p2)//交换两个combox变量的数据域
{
     
Student *temp=new Student;
strcpy(temp->name,p1->name);
strcpy(temp->Id,p1->Id);
temp->Age=p1->Age;
temp->Mnum=p1->Mnum;
temp->Enum=p1->Enum;
temp->sum=p1->sum;

strcpy(p1->name,p2->name);
strcpy(p1->Id,p2->Id);
p1->Age=p2->Age;
p1->Mnum=p2->Mnum;
p1->Enum=p2->Enum;
p1->sum=p2->sum;

strcpy(p2->name,temp->name);
strcpy(p2->Id,temp->Id);
p2->Age=temp->Age;
p2->Mnum=temp->Mnum;
p2->Enum=temp->Enum;
p2->sum=temp->sum;
}

//﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌
int Studentmassage::ListCount()//统计当前链表的记录总数,返回一个整数
{
     
if(! Head)
return 0;
int n=0;
for(Student * p=Head->Next;p!=End;p=p->Next)
{
     
n++;
}
return n;
}

//﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌
void Studentmassage::Sort()//对当前链表进行排序
{
     
cout <<"Sorting..."<<endl;
Student *p=NULL,*p1=NULL,*k=NULL;
int n=Studentmassage::ListCount();
if(n<2)
return;
for(p=Head->Next;p!=End;p=p->Next)
for(k=p->Next;k!=End;k=k->Next)
{
     
if(p->sum>k->sum)
{
     
Studentmassage::Swap(p,k);
}
}
cout <<"排序完成!"<<endl;
getch();
return;
}

//﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌保存函数﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌
void Studentmassage::Save()
{
     
out.open("sort.txt");
for(Student *p=Head->Next;p!=End;p=p->Next)
out<<p->name<<"\t"<<p->Id<<"\t"<<p->Age<<"\t"
<<p->Mnum<<"\t"<<p->Enum<<"\t"<<p->sum<<'\n';
out.close();
}

//﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌主函数﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌
int main()
{
     
int x,i=0;
bool quit=false;

Studentmassage Grade;
cout<<"按任意键开始……";
getch();
while(!quit)
{
     
system("cls");
Grade.ShowMenu();
cin>>x;
switch(x)
{
     
case 0:quit=true;break;
case 1:Grade.AddItem();break;
case 2:Grade.Display();break;
case 3:Grade.Sort();break;
case 4:Grade.Find();break;
case 5:Grade.RemoveItem();break;
case 6:Grade.ModifyItem();break;}}
return 0;
}

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