《三略》之上略 (2)

夫为国之道，恃贤与民，信贤如腹心，使民如四肢，则策无遣。所适如肢体相随，骨节相救，天道自然，其巧无间。

白话文：

治理国家的方法，在于依靠贤士与民众。信赖贤士要视若心腹，动用民众要如同使用自己的四肢，只有这样，自己的政策才不会有过失。君主反有所行动，贤士和民众就好比不可分割的肢体一样紧相随从，也像每个关节一样互利互用。自然界的一切，都有它运行的规律，其工巧奥妙，无懈可击。

英译文：

Now the Way Tao to govern the state is torely on Worthies and the people. If you trust the Worthy as if they were yourbelly and heart, and employ the people as if they were your four limbs, thenall your plans will be accomplished. If your measures follow on each other asnaturally as the four limbs, or the way the joints of the bones cooperate witheach other, this is the Tao of Heaven, the natural. There is no gap in suchskill.

军国之要，察众心，施百务。危者，安之；惧者，欢之；叛者，还之；怨者，原之；诉者，察之；卑者，贵之；强者，抑之；敌者，残之；贪者，丰之；欲者，使之；畏者，隐之；谋者，近之；谗者，覆之；毁者，复之；反者，废之；横者，挫之；满者，损之；归者，招之；服者，居之；降者，脱之。

白话文：

统帅军队，治理国家的要诀，在于审察民众的心理和要求，并采取相应的各种措施。处境危险的要使之安全，心存畏惧的要使之欢愉，离乡逃亡的要加以招还，含冤受屈的要予以昭雪，上告申诉的要调查清楚，地位卑贱的要加以提拔，恃强行暴的要加以抑制，与我为敌的要加以清除，贪图钱财的要厚给赏赐，自愿效力的要予以任用，怕人揭短的要替其隐讳，善于谋划的要与之亲近，爱进谗言的要弃之不用，诋毁之言要反复核实，反叛之人要坚决消灭，蛮横之人要挫其锋芒，骄傲自满的要警告之，愿意归顺的要招徕之，已被征服的要予以安置，战败投降的要给予宽大。

英译文：

The essence of the army and state lies ininvestigating the mind of the people and putting into effect the hundred dutiesof government.

Bring peace to those who are in danger.Give happiness to those who are afraid. Return those who rebel. Beindulgent to those who have grievances. Investigate the complaints of those whohave legal suits. Raise up the lowly. Repress the strong. Destroy the enemy.Enrich the greedy. Use those that have desires. Conceal the fearful. Attractstrategists. Investigate slanderers. Reproach the insulting. Eliminate therebellious. Stifle those who act willfully. Diminish the arrogant. Summon those whoturn their allegiance toward you. Give life to those who submit. Releasethose who surrender.

获固，守之；获厄，塞之；获难，屯之；获城，割之；获地，裂之；获财，散之；敌动，伺之；敌近，备之；敌强，下之；敌佚，去之；敌陵，待之；敌暴，缓之；敌悖，义之；敌睦，携之；顺举，挫之；因势，破之；放言，过之；四网，罗之。得而勿有，居而勿守，拔而勿久，立而勿取。为者则己，有者则士，焉知利之所在。彼为诸侯，己为天子。使城自保，令士自处。

白话文：

占领了坚固的阵地要尽心把守，占据了险隘之地要加以阻塞，占领了难攻的地方要驻兵把守，占领了城邑要分赏有功之臣，占领了土地要分封出力之士，获得了财物要赏赐给众人。敌人行动要密切监视，敌人接近要严加防备，敌人强大要卑而骄之，敌人安逸要引而避之，敌人盛气凌人要有待其衰，敌人凶暴要暂时退却，敌人悖逆要申张正义，敌人和睦要分化离间。根据战场上的形势，对敌人发动攻击，就能战胜它。虚张声势，散布假情报，使敌人产生错觉，将敌人四面包围，一举歼灭。获得战利品不要独占，占领敌国不可长期据守，攻打城池要速战速决，立其国之人为君而不要取而代之。运筹谋划在自己，有了功劳则归之将士，这才是真正的大利啊！封有功之士为诸侯，自己当君主，让诸侯各保城邑，各自征收财赋。

英译文：

If you gain a strategic position, defendit. If you get a dangerous defile, block it. If you take difficult terrain,then establish encampments to hold it. If you secure a city, then cut it off toenfeoff the generals. If you seize territory, then divide it up as a reward forthe officers. If you obtain riches, then distribute them among your troops. Whenthe enemy moves observe him; when he approaches prepare for him. If the enemyis strong, be deferential to make him arrogant. If the enemy is well rested,then leave him. If the enemy is insulting, then wait for his ch’i to decline. If the enemy isexplosive, then soothe him. If the enemy is rebellious, then treat him withrighteousness. If the enemy is sincere, then lead him to abandon his perverseruler. Accord with the enemy’s actions to initiate measures and repress him. Rely on the strategic configuration of power to destroy him. Spread false words and cause him to make errors. Set out your net to catch them. When you gain something, do not keep it for yourself. If you occupy a territory, do not set up permanent defenses. If you seize a city, do not keep it for yourself for long. If you establish a new ruler, do not take the state altars. Thus while you perform the actions yourself, those who gain by it are the officers. How does one know where the real profit lies? They become feudal lords, you become the emperor. Have the cities prepare to defend themselves, have the officers manage their appropriate positions.