Linux Shell编程快速入门

目录

  • 章节1:变量
  • 章节2:逻辑和算术运算
  • 章节3:流程控制
  • 章节4:函数
  • 章节5:其他

附:题目实例讲解


1. 变量

#!/bin/bash

# 初始赋值和变量使用
a=12
echo $a # echo ${a}

# 只读变量
a="hello"
readonly a

# 删除变量
unset a

# 字符串拼接
a="hello"
b="world"
echo "jt,"$a$b

# 获取字符串长度,获取数组长度
a="hello"
echo ${
     #a}
a=(12 34 89 90)
echo ${
     #a[@]}

# 提取字符串
a="i love you"
echo ${a:2:4}

# 数组赋值和修改
a=(12 90 90 89)
echo ${a[0]}
a[0]=34
echo ${a[0]}
b=${a[2]}

# 数组遍历
a=("H" 10 90 89)
for((i=0;i<${#a[@};i++));do
	echo ${a[$i]}
done

# 某个变量统一大小写(-u,-l)
typeset -u opt
opt="hello"
echo $opt

# 变量内嵌等价(下面两种方式一样的)
opt="hello"
echo "$opt world"
opt="hello"
echo $opt" world"

# 显示执行结果
echo `date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`

# printf的格式化输出
printf "%-10s %-8s %-4.2f %d\n" 郭靖 男 66.1234 20
>>#输出:郭靖 男 66.12 20


# 判断字符串是否为空
if [ $a ]
then
	..
	

# 判断字符串长度是否为0
if [ -z $a ]
then
	..



2. 逻辑和算术运算

#!/bin/bash

# 算术运算方式1 expr
val=`expr 2 + 2`
echo $val
val=`expr $a + $b`
echo $val

# 算术运算方式2
a=123
b=23
c=$[a+b]
echo $c
d=$[40 + 30]
echo $d

# 算术运算方式3 let(最直观)
a=12
b=20
let c=a+b
echo $c


# 文件是否存在
if test -e ./files/1.txt
then
	echo "Y"
else
	echo "N"
fi

# 与或非(-a与,-o或,!非)
if test -e ./notFile -o -e ./bash
then
    echo "至少有一个文件存在!"
else
    echo "两个文件都不存在"
fi

# 与或(&&与,||或)
if [[ $num1 -gt $num2 && $num3 == $num4 ]]
then
	...

# 等于,不等于(方式1)
num1=100
num2=200
if test $[num1] -eq $[num2]
then 
	echo "Equal"
else
	echo "Not Equal"
fi

# 等于,不等于,大于小于(方式2)
num1=100
num2=200
if [ $num1 == $num2 ] 
then 
	echo "Equal"
else
	echo "Not Equal"
fi





3. 流程控制

#!/bin/bash

# 条件语句
a=10
b=20
if [ $a -lt $b ]
then
	echo "Y1"
elif [ $a -gt $b ]
then
	echo "Y2"
else
	echo "Eq"
fi

# case判断
read opt
case $opt in
	1)
		echo "you input 1"
	;;
	"q")
		echo "you input q"
	;;
	*)
		echo "others"
	;;
esac

# 循环语句(直接遍历)
for v in 12 43 43
do
	echo $v
done

# 示例:遍历目录
for f in `ls /usr`
do
	echo $f
done

# 循环语句(C风格)
a=(12 43 434)
for((i=0;i<${#a[@]};i++));
do
	echo ${a[$i]}
done

# 循环语句(while 条件)
idx=0
while((idx<5))
do
	echo $idx
	let idx++
done

# 循环读入
typeset -l num
while read num
do
	echo $num
done

# break和continue
while read opt
do
	if [ $opt == "q" ]
	then
		echo "out"
		break
	fi
done

4. 函数

#!/bin/bash

# 函数书写与传参和返回
add(){
     
    echo $1
    b=`expr $1 + $2`
    return $b
}

add 12 90
c=$?
echo $c

# bool判断(0代表true,其他数值代表false,一般用-1更好区分)
func(){
     
    if [ $1 == $2 ]
    then
        return 0
    else
        return -1
    fi
}

if func 12 90
then
    echo "true"
else
    echo "false"
fi


5. 其他补充

# 用于查看安装的shells
cat /etc/shells

# 给脚本增加执行权限
chmod +x run.sh

# 大于小于,大于等于, 小于等于(数字)
-gt -lt -ge -le

# 判断字符串是否相等,只有一个等号
=

# 跟踪模式执行某个脚本
/bin/bash -x run.sh


附:示例编写

例子1:
Linux Shell编程快速入门_第1张图片

#!/bin/bash
options_show(){
     
    echo "Use one of the following options:"
    echo "P:To display current directory"
    echo "S:To display the name of running file"
    echo "D:To display today's date and present time(如:2017-04-26 05:45:12) "
    echo "L:To see the list of files in your present working directory"
    echo "W:To see who is logged in"
    echo "I:To see the ip address of this local machine"
    echo "echo \"Q:To quit this program"
    echo "Enter your option and hit:"
}

typeset -l opt
options_show
while read opt
do
    case $opt in
    "p")
        echo `pwd`
    ;;
    "s")
        echo $0
    ;;
    "d")
        echo `date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`
    ;;
    "l")
        echo `ls .`
    ;;
    "w")
        echo `whoami`
    ;;
    "i")
        echo `ifconfig`
    ;;
    "q")
        break
    ;;
    esac
    options_show
done

例子2
Linux Shell编程快速入门_第2张图片

#!/bin/bash
show(){
     
    echo "Please input your score:"
}

show
while read score
do
    if [ $score -lt 0 ]
    then
        break
    elif [ $score -lt 60 ]
    then
        echo "Failed"
    elif [ $score -ge 60 -a $score -le 69 ]
    then
        echo "Passed"
    elif [ $score -ge 70 -a $score -le 79 ]
    then
        echo "Medium"
    elif [ $score -ge 80 -a $score -le 89 ]
    then
        echo "Good"
    elif [ $score -ge 90 -a $score -le 100 ]
    then
        echo "Excellent"
    fi
    show
done

例子3
Linux Shell编程快速入门_第3张图片

#!/bin/bash
show(){
     
    echo "Please input your dir-path:"
}

while read dir
do
    if [ $dir = "q" ]
    then
        break
    fi
    if [ -e $dir ]
    then
        idx=0
        fns=(`ls $dir`) # 这个括号非常重要,可以转成数组
        ls -l $dir | while read x
        do
            if [ $idx == 0 ]
            then
                let idx++
                continue
            else
                echo "/"${fns[$idx-1]}"_"${x:0:1}
                let idx++
            fi
        done
    else
        echo "This path is not exists!"
    fi
    show
done

这里,如果是带有空格的行就需要用read的方式来分割,如果是空格的分割,只需要用数组转换法即可

例子4
Linux Shell编程快速入门_第4张图片

#!/bin/bash
while read opt
do
    for((i=$opt;i>=1;i--));do
        for((j=$i;j>=1;j--));do
            echo -n "$j " #不换行
        done
        echo
    done
done

例子5

Linux Shell编程快速入门_第5张图片
需求1:启动和关闭ftp服务

#!/bin/bash
systemctl start vsftpd
if [ $?!=0 ];then
	echo "start ftp error" | mail -s "start ftp error" root
else
	pinfo=`ps -ef | grep vsftpd | head -n 1`
	date=`date +"%Y-%m-%d"`
	echo $pinfo>>/var/ftp/${date}.log
fi
#!/bin/bash
systemctl stop vsftpd
if [ $?!=0 ];then
	echo "Stop ftp error" | mail -s "Stop ftp error" root
fi

需求2:ping Baidu

#!/bin/bash
date=`date +"%Y-%m-%d"`
ping -c 4 >>/var/ftp/${date}.log

需求3:打包日志

#!/bin/bash
date=`date +"%Y-%m-%d"`
tar -czvf "/root/${date}.tar.gz" /var/ftp
chmod 400 "/root/${date}.tar.gz"
rm -rf /var/ftp/*

你可能感兴趣的:(计算机通识基础)